Dry matter 90.9 100 % - 2.9 84.5 -98.1 134 4.5 Crude protein 10.2 11.3 % - 1.8 4.3 -15.9 136 2 4.8 -18 137 Crude fibre 7.8 8.6 % - 3.6 4.2 -18 127 3.9 4.3 -20.2 125 Crude fat 4.3 4.7 % - 2.1 1.2 -12.1 418 2.3 1.3 -13.7 409 Ash 4.1 4.5 % - 1.6 1.4 -10.3 127 1.8 1.6 -11.5 127 Insoluble ash 0.7 0.8 % - 1 0.01 -2.8 17 1.1 0.01 -3.2 17 NDF 35.7 39.3 % - 11.1 18.3 -61 44 12.1 19 -67.8 47 ADF 9.7 10.6 % - 4.1 4.9 -19.6 41 4.5 5.4 -22 44 Lignin 1.6 1.7 % - 0.9 0.6 -4.3 44 1 0.7 -4.8 45 Water insoluble cell walls 38 41.8 % - 37.7 -69.5 2 41.6 -76.9 2 Starch 35.1 38.6 % - 8.5 14.7 -57.5 120 9.2 16.2 -60.7 118 Total sugars 2.6 2.8 % - 0.9 0.7 -5 314 1 0.7 -5.5 315 Gross energy (kcal) 4150 4570 kcal/kg - 380 3670 -4840 20 390 4130 -5680 21 Calcium 2.7 3 g/kg - 2.7 0.09 -13.1 271 3 0.1 -14.7 271 Phosphorus 3 3.3 g/kg - 0.7 0.5 -5.4 258 0.8 0.6 -6 258 Phytate phosphorus 2.2 2.4 g/kg 75 % P Magnesium 2 2.2 g/kg - 0.8 0.8 -3.8 22 0.9 0.9 -4.4 22 Potassium 6.8 7.5 g/kg - 2.6 3.3 -12.4 25 2.8 3.5 -13.7 25 Sodium 0.12 0.13 g/kg - 0.14 0 -0.43 10 0.15 0 -0.48 10 Chlorine 1.9 2.1 g/kg - 1 0.5 -3.6 6 1.1 0.6 -3.9 6 Sulfur 1.1 1.2 g/kg - 0.2 -8.6 4 0.2 -9.5 4 Dietary cation-anion difference 59 65 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 127 140 mEq/kg - Manganese 14 15 mg/kg - 9 0.1 -34 8 10 0.2 -37 8 Zinc 88 97 mg/kg - 73 4 -211 8 81 4 -233 8 Copper 6 7 mg/kg - 5 3 -15 8 5 3 -17 8 Iron 62 68 mg/kg - 23 35 -89 5 25 38 -98 5 Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - 1 1 Molybdenum 0.6 0.7 mg/kg - 1 1 Lysine 3.9 4.3 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 0.8 3 -5.6 12 0.9 3.3 -6.2 12 0.8 3-5.3 9 Threonine 3.6 4 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 0.5 3.3-4.6 7 Methionine 1.5 1.7 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N Cystine 2.3 2.6 g/kg 2.3 g/16g N 0.4 1.8 -3.1 7 0.5 2 -3.4 7 0.4 1.8-2.9 6 Methionine + cystine 3.9 4.2 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 0.7 3.5 -5.3 7 0.7 4 -5.9 7 0.6 3.5-5.1 6 Tryptophan 0.7 0.7 g/kg 0.6 g/16g N 0.5 -1.1 4 0.6 -1.2 4 0.5-0.9 4 Isoleucine 2.9 3.2 g/kg 2.8 g/16g N 0.5 2.7-4 7 Valine 4.8 5.2 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 1.2 4.7 -7.9 7 1.3 5.2 -8.7 7 1.1 4.1-7.5 7 Leucine 10.4 11.4 g/kg 10.1 g/16g N 1.3 9 -13 7 1.4 10.1 -14.4 7 1.6 7.9-12.4 7 Phenylalanine 3 3.3 g/kg 2.9 g/16g N Tyrosine 2.4 2.6 g/kg 2.3 g/16g N Phenylalanine + tyrosine 5.4 5.9 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N Histidine 3.2 3.5 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 0.4 2.7 -4 7 0.5 3.1 -4.4 7 0.3 2.5-3.5 7 Arginine 7.2 7.9 g/kg 7 g/16g N 1.3 4 -7.7 7 1.4 4.4 -8.6 7 Alanine 6.3 6.9 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 0.5 5.7-7.1 6 Aspartic acid 5.8 6.4 g/kg 5.6 g/16g N Glutamic acid 14.1 15.5 g/kg 13.8 g/16g N 1.7 12.6-16.6 5 Glycine 4.9 5.3 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 1.3 4 -7.6 6 1.5 4.4 -8.4 6 1.1 4.1-7.2 6 Serine 4.2 4.6 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 0.7 3.7 -5.9 6 0.8 4.1 -6.5 6 0.5 3.6-4.8 6 Proline 5.3 5.9 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N C14:0 myristic acid 0.05 0.06 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.1 0.1-0.4 18 C16:0 palmitic acid 3.8 4.2 g/kg 10.5 % FA 0.8 8.6-13.6 202 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C18:0 stearic acid 0.7 0.7 g/kg 1.8 % FA 0.2 1.3-2.7 201 C18:1 oleic acid 9.5 10.4 g/kg 26.1 % FA 3 20-35.4 202 C18:2 linoleic acid 21.6 23.7 g/kg 59.5 % FA 3.4 49.4-67.6 208 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.5 0.5 g/kg 1.3 % FA 0.3 0.3-1.9 202 Fatty acids 3.6 4 % 85 % fat DE growing pig (kcal) 2680 2950 kcal/kg - 130 2620 -2980 5 ME growing pig (kcal) 2580 2840 kcal/kg - 2580 -2770 3 NE growing pig (kcal) 1920 2110 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3140 3460 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2980 3280 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2200 2420 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 64.6 % 1.9 62-67 5 OM digestibility growing pig - 68.3 % N digestibility growing pig - 59.8 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 50.3 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 75.7 % OM digestibility adult pig - 78.9 % N digestibility adult pig - 86.7 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.6 0.6 g/kg 20 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2240 2460 kcal/kg - 1 1 AMEn broiler (kcal) 2200 2420 kcal/kg - 1 1 PDIA INRA 2007 64 71 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 80 88 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 110 121 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2790 3060 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 80.6 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 83 % 1 N digestibility ruminants - 67.3 % 1 N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 74 % Absorbable P ruminants 2.2 2.4 g/kg 75 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 33 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 8 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 92 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.023 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 60 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 31 % 1 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 3 % 1 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 97 % 1 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.024 h-1 1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.3 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.8 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.8 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 10.2 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.2 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.6 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 72.8 % Energy digestibility horse - 70.2 % Horse Forage Unit 0.9 0.99 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 62 69 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2970 3260 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 2890 3180 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 71.4 % N digestibility rabbit - 50.1 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.9 g/kg 48 % 1 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.2 g/kg 74 % 1 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.6 g/kg 64 % 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 2.9 g/kg 68 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.5 g/kg 71 % 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.9 g/kg 61 % 1 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 2.9 g/kg 55 % 1 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 8 8.8 g/kg 78 % 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 2.1 2.3 g/kg 69 % 1 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.6 1.7 g/kg 67 % 1 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.6 4 g/kg 68 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 2.6 g/kg 73 % 1 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 5.1 5.6 g/kg 70 % 1 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 3 3.3 g/kg 48 % 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 2.9 g/kg 45 % 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 10.4 11.4 g/kg 74 % 1 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 2.5 2.7 g/kg 59 % 1 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.8 3 g/kg 71 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.7 g/kg 69 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.4 1.5 g/kg 88 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 1.9 g/kg 76 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.1 3.4 g/kg 81 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.6 g/kg 79 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.4 2.6 g/kg 83 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.8 4.2 g/kg 80 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.8 9.7 g/kg 85 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.7 g/kg 83 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2 g/kg 79 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.4 4.8 g/kg 81 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.8 g/kg 78 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 6 6.6 g/kg 83 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.4 5.9 g/kg 86 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 4.8 g/kg 75 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 11.6 12.7 g/kg 82 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.5 3.9 g/kg 72 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.3 3.6 g/kg 78 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 4.2 4.6 g/kg 79 % Gross energy (MJ) 17.4 19.1 MJ/kg - 1.6 15.4 -20.2 20 1.6 17.3 -23.8 21 Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.5 1.7 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 79 % 1 UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.08 1.19 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.09 1.19 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 60 66 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 110 121 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -59 -64 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.06 1.17 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.06 1.17 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 60 66 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 108 119 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -56 -62 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1870 2050 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1860 2050 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2820 3100 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 81.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 79.3 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 31 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 68 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.2 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.3 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 10.5 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.4 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.9 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.7 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 11.2 12.4 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.4 8.1 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.2 8 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 30 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.02 1.12 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.01 1.11 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 60 66 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 106 117 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -53 -59 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.498 0.547 per kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.2 0.1-1.2 186 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.9 1 g/kg 30 % Available P cockerel 0.7 0.8 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.7 0.8 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.03 1.13 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.01 1.11 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 2180 2400 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 52.5 % N digestibility salmonids - 80.5 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.4 g/kg 64 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 3.9 4.3 g/kg 73 % DE growing pig (MJ) 11.2 12.4 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 10.8 11.9 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 8 8.8 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 13.2 14.5 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 12.5 13.7 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 9.2 10.1 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 9.4 10.3 MJ/kg - 1 1 AMEn broiler (MJ) 9.2 10.1 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11.7 12.8 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 12.4 13.6 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 12.1 13.3 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 9.1 10 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1028 1131 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1109 1220 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 98 107 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -45 -49 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 5.2 5.7 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.9 2.1 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 70.4 77.4 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.09 3.4 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.57 1.72 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.48 1.62 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.69 1.85 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.11 1.22 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 64 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 70 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7.3 8 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 156 172 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -9 -9 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 32.6 35.9 % - 1 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -