Dry matter
90.9
100
%
-
2.9
84.5 -98.1
134
4.5
Crude protein
10.2
11.3
%
-
1.8
4.3 -15.9
136
2
4.8 -18
137
Crude fibre
7.8
8.6
%
-
3.6
4.2 -18
127
3.9
4.3 -20.2
125
Crude fat
4.3
4.7
%
-
2.1
1.2 -12.1
418
2.3
1.3 -13.7
409
Ash
4.1
4.5
%
-
1.6
1.4 -10.3
127
1.8
1.6 -11.5
127
Insoluble ash
0.7
0.8
%
-
1
0.01 -2.8
17
1.1
0.01 -3.2
17
NDF
35.7
39.3
%
-
11.1
18.3 -61
44
12.1
19 -67.8
47
ADF
9.7
10.6
%
-
4.1
4.9 -19.6
41
4.5
5.4 -22
44
Lignin
1.6
1.7
%
-
0.9
0.6 -4.3
44
1
0.7 -4.8
45
Water insoluble cell walls
38
41.8
%
-
37.7 -69.5
2
41.6 -76.9
2
Starch
35.1
38.6
%
-
8.5
14.7 -57.5
120
9.2
16.2 -60.7
118
Total sugars
2.6
2.8
%
-
0.9
0.7 -5
314
1
0.7 -5.5
315
Gross energy (kcal)
4150
4570
kcal/kg
-
380
3670 -4840
20
390
4130 -5680
21
Calcium
2.7
3
g/kg
-
2.7
0.09 -13.1
271
3
0.1 -14.7
271
Phosphorus
3
3.3
g/kg
-
0.7
0.5 -5.4
258
0.8
0.6 -6
258
Phytate phosphorus
2.2
2.4
g/kg
75
% P
Magnesium
2
2.2
g/kg
-
0.8
0.8 -3.8
22
0.9
0.9 -4.4
22
Potassium
6.8
7.5
g/kg
-
2.6
3.3 -12.4
25
2.8
3.5 -13.7
25
Sodium
0.12
0.13
g/kg
-
0.14
0 -0.43
10
0.15
0 -0.48
10
Chlorine
1.9
2.1
g/kg
-
1
0.5 -3.6
6
1.1
0.6 -3.9
6
Sulfur
1.1
1.2
g/kg
-
0.2 -8.6
4
0.2 -9.5
4
Dietary cation-anion difference
59
65
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
127
140
mEq/kg
-
Manganese
14
15
mg/kg
-
9
0.1 -34
8
10
0.2 -37
8
Zinc
88
97
mg/kg
-
73
4 -211
8
81
4 -233
8
Copper
6
7
mg/kg
-
5
3 -15
8
5
3 -17
8
Iron
62
68
mg/kg
-
23
35 -89
5
25
38 -98
5
Selenium
0.2
0.2
mg/kg
-
Cobalt
0.3
0.3
mg/kg
-
1
1
Molybdenum
0.6
0.7
mg/kg
-
1
1
Lysine
3.9
4.3
g/kg
3.8
g/16g N
0.8
3 -5.6
12
0.9
3.3 -6.2
12
0.8
3-5.3
9
Threonine
3.6
4
g/kg
3.5
g/16g N
0.5
3.3-4.6
7
Methionine
1.5
1.7
g/kg
1.5
g/16g N
Cystine
2.3
2.6
g/kg
2.3
g/16g N
0.4
1.8 -3.1
7
0.5
2 -3.4
7
0.4
1.8-2.9
6
Methionine + cystine
3.9
4.2
g/kg
3.8
g/16g N
0.7
3.5 -5.3
7
0.7
4 -5.9
7
0.6
3.5-5.1
6
Tryptophan
0.7
0.7
g/kg
0.6
g/16g N
0.5 -1.1
4
0.6 -1.2
4
0.5-0.9
4
Isoleucine
2.9
3.2
g/kg
2.8
g/16g N
0.5
2.7-4
7
Valine
4.8
5.2
g/kg
4.7
g/16g N
1.2
4.7 -7.9
7
1.3
5.2 -8.7
7
1.1
4.1-7.5
7
Leucine
10.4
11.4
g/kg
10.1
g/16g N
1.3
9 -13
7
1.4
10.1 -14.4
7
1.6
7.9-12.4
7
Phenylalanine
3
3.3
g/kg
2.9
g/16g N
Tyrosine
2.4
2.6
g/kg
2.3
g/16g N
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
5.4
5.9
g/kg
5.2
g/16g N
Histidine
3.2
3.5
g/kg
3.2
g/16g N
0.4
2.7 -4
7
0.5
3.1 -4.4
7
0.3
2.5-3.5
7
Arginine
7.2
7.9
g/kg
7
g/16g N
1.3
4 -7.7
7
1.4
4.4 -8.6
7
Alanine
6.3
6.9
g/kg
6.1
g/16g N
0.5
5.7-7.1
6
Aspartic acid
5.8
6.4
g/kg
5.6
g/16g N
Glutamic acid
14.1
15.5
g/kg
13.8
g/16g N
1.7
12.6-16.6
5
Glycine
4.9
5.3
g/kg
4.7
g/16g N
1.3
4 -7.6
6
1.5
4.4 -8.4
6
1.1
4.1-7.2
6
Serine
4.2
4.6
g/kg
4.1
g/16g N
0.7
3.7 -5.9
6
0.8
4.1 -6.5
6
0.5
3.6-4.8
6
Proline
5.3
5.9
g/kg
5.2
g/16g N
C14:0 myristic acid
0.05
0.06
g/kg
0.1
% FA
0.1
0.1-0.4
18
C16:0 palmitic acid
3.8
4.2
g/kg
10.5
% FA
0.8
8.6-13.6
202
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
C18:0 stearic acid
0.7
0.7
g/kg
1.8
% FA
0.2
1.3-2.7
201
C18:1 oleic acid
9.5
10.4
g/kg
26.1
% FA
3
20-35.4
202
C18:2 linoleic acid
21.6
23.7
g/kg
59.5
% FA
3.4
49.4-67.6
208
C18:3 linolenic acid
0.5
0.5
g/kg
1.3
% FA
0.3
0.3-1.9
202
Fatty acids
3.6
4
%
85
% fat
DE growing pig (kcal)
2680
2950
kcal/kg
-
130
2620 -2980
5
ME growing pig (kcal)
2580
2840
kcal/kg
-
2580 -2770
3
NE growing pig (kcal)
1920
2110
kcal/kg
-
DE adult pig (kcal)
3140
3460
kcal/kg
-
ME adult pig (kcal)
2980
3280
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
2200
2420
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
64.6
%
1.9
62-67
5
OM digestibility growing pig
-
68.3
%
N digestibility growing pig
-
59.8
%
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
50.3
%
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
75.7
%
OM digestibility adult pig
-
78.9
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
86.7
%
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
0.6
0.6
g/kg
20
%
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
2240
2460
kcal/kg
-
1
1
AMEn broiler (kcal)
2200
2420
kcal/kg
-
1
1
PDIA INRA 2007
64
71
g/kg
-
PDIN INRA 2007
80
88
g/kg
-
PDIE INRA 2007
110
121
g/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
2790
3060
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
80.6
%
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
83
%
1
N digestibility ruminants
-
67.3
%
1
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
85
%
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
74
%
Absorbable P ruminants
2.2
2.4
g/kg
75
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
33
%
Immediately degradable N (a)
-
8
%
1
Potentially degradable N (b)
-
92
%
1
Degradation rate of particles N (c)
-
0.023
h-1
1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
60
%
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
31
%
1
Immediately degradable DM (a)
-
3
%
1
Potentially degradable DM (b)
-
97
%
1
Degradation rate of particles DM (c)
-
0.024
h-1
1
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
6.3
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
1.8
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.8
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.8
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
10.2
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.2
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.6
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.6
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
72.8
%
Energy digestibility horse
-
70.2
%
Horse Forage Unit
0.9
0.99
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
62
69
g/kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
2970
3260
kcal/kg
-
ME rabbit (kcal)
2890
3180
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
71.4
%
N digestibility rabbit
-
50.1
%
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
1.7
1.9
g/kg
48
%
1
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
1.1
1.2
g/kg
74
%
1
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
1.5
1.6
g/kg
64
%
1
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
2.6
2.9
g/kg
68
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
0.5
0.5
g/kg
71
%
1
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
1.7
1.9
g/kg
61
%
1
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
2.6
2.9
g/kg
55
%
1
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
8
8.8
g/kg
78
%
1
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
2.1
2.3
g/kg
69
%
1
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
1.6
1.7
g/kg
67
%
1
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
3.6
4
g/kg
68
%
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
2.4
2.6
g/kg
73
%
1
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
5.1
5.6
g/kg
70
%
1
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
3
3.3
g/kg
48
%
1
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
2.6
2.9
g/kg
45
%
1
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
10.4
11.4
g/kg
74
%
1
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
2.5
2.7
g/kg
59
%
1
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.8
3
g/kg
71
%
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.5
2.7
g/kg
69
%
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.4
1.5
g/kg
88
%
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.8
1.9
g/kg
76
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.1
3.4
g/kg
81
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
0.5
0.6
g/kg
79
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.4
2.6
g/kg
83
%
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.8
4.2
g/kg
80
%
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
8.8
9.7
g/kg
85
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.5
2.7
g/kg
83
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.9
2
g/kg
79
%
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.4
4.8
g/kg
81
%
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.5
2.8
g/kg
78
%
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
6
6.6
g/kg
83
%
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.4
5.9
g/kg
86
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
4.3
4.8
g/kg
75
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
11.6
12.7
g/kg
82
%
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.5
3.9
g/kg
72
%
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.3
3.6
g/kg
78
%
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
4.2
4.6
g/kg
79
%
Gross energy (MJ)
17.4
19.1
MJ/kg
-
1.6
15.4 -20.2
20
1.6
17.3 -23.8
21
Absorbable Ca ruminants
1.5
1.7
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
79
%
1
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
1.08
1.19
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
1.09
1.19
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
60
66
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
110
121
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
-59
-64
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
1.06
1.17
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
1.06
1.17
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
60
66
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
108
119
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
-56
-62
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1870
2050
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1860
2050
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2820
3100
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
81.6
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
79.3
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
31
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
68
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
6.2
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.9
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.3
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.6
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
10.5
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.4
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.9
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.7
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
11.2
12.4
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
7.4
8.1
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
7.2
8
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
30
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
1.02
1.12
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
1.01
1.11
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
60
66
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
106
117
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
-53
-59
g/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.498
0.547
per kg
-
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C12:0 lauric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:0 arachidic acid
0.2
0.2
g/kg
0.6
% FA
0.2
0.1-1.2
186
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:0 behenic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:1 erucic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
0.9
1
g/kg
30
%
Available P cockerel
0.7
0.8
g/kg
25
% P
Available P broiler
0.7
0.8
g/kg
25
% P
UFL INRA 2007
1.03
1.13
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2007
1.01
1.11
per kg
-
DE salmonids (kcal)
2180
2400
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
52.5
%
N digestibility salmonids
-
80.5
%
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
0
0
g/kg
0
%
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
3.1
3.4
g/kg
64
%
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
3.9
4.3
g/kg
73
%
DE growing pig (MJ)
11.2
12.4
MJ/kg
-
ME growing pig (MJ)
10.8
11.9
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
8
8.8
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
13.2
14.5
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
12.5
13.7
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
9.2
10.1
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
9.4
10.3
MJ/kg
-
1
1
AMEn broiler (MJ)
9.2
10.1
MJ/kg
-
1
1
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
11.7
12.8
MJ/kg
-
DE rabbit (MJ)
12.4
13.6
MJ/kg
-
ME rabbit (MJ)
12.1
13.3
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
9.1
10
MJ/kg
-
VEM CVB 2018
1028
1131
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
1109
1220
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
98
107
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
-45
-49
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
5.2
5.7
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
1.9
2.1
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
70.4
77.4
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
3.09
3.4
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.57
1.72
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
1.48
1.62
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.69
1.85
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.11
1.22
Mcal/kg
-
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
64
%
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
70
%
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
7.3
8
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
156
172
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
-9
-9
g/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
32.6
35.9
%
-
1
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-