Dry matter 88.3 100 % - 1.8 83.4 -92.3 58 2.9 Crude protein 24.3 27.6 % - 2.4 14.7 -27.2 93 2.7 17.5 -30.1 58 Crude fibre 13.6 15.4 % - 2.3 6.2 -18.9 91 2.6 9.6 -21.8 56 Crude fat 0.8 1 % - 1.1 0.1 -5 55 1.2 0.1 -5.5 47 Ash 9.5 10.8 % - 1.7 4.7 -11.9 38 1.9 5.2 -13.1 29 Insoluble ash 1.3 1.5 % - 0.3 -3.4 3 0.3 -3.7 3 NDF 36.8 41.7 % - 7.9 29.2 -49.3 10 8.9 32 -53.7 6 ADF 27.6 31.2 % - 6 20 -36.1 9 6.7 21.9 -36.7 6 Lignin 14.3 16.3 % - 3.1 12.4 -30.4 15 3.6 13.9 -24.1 11 Starch 10.1 11.4 % - 1.3 6.9 -12.2 13 1.4 7.8 -12.1 8 Total sugars 0.8 0.9 % - 0.8 -0.8 4 0.9 -0.9 4 Gross energy (kcal) 3760 4260 kcal/kg - 1 1 Calcium 2.1 2.4 g/kg - 0.4 1.4 -2.4 7 0.4 1.5 -2.7 7 Phosphorus 6.5 7.4 g/kg - 0.3 6.3 -6.9 6 0.3 6.9 -7.7 6 Sodium 0.18 0.2 g/kg - 0.09 0.1 -0.3 5 Chlorine 0.3 0.4 g/kg - 0.3 -0.4 4 1 Lysine 10.5 11.9 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1 7.9 -11 7 11 -12.2 3 Threonine 8.5 9.7 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N Methionine 2.2 2.5 g/kg 0.9 g/16g N Cystine 2.7 3 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N Methionine + cystine 4.9 5.5 g/kg 2 g/16g N Tryptophan 2.7 3 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N Isoleucine 8.5 9.7 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N Valine 9.3 10.5 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N Leucine 15.1 17.1 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N Phenylalanine 10.2 11.6 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N Tyrosine 6.6 7.4 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N Phenylalanine + tyrosine 16.8 19 g/kg 6.9 g/16g N Histidine 3.9 4.4 g/kg 1.6 g/16g N Arginine 12.2 13.8 g/kg 5 g/16g N Alanine 9.7 11 g/kg 4 g/16g N Aspartic acid 20.9 23.7 g/kg 8.6 g/16g N Glutamic acid 36.5 41.4 g/kg 15 g/16g N Glycine 7.8 8.8 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N Serine 9.7 11 g/kg 4 g/16g N Proline 7.8 8.8 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N C14:0 myristic acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.1 % FA C16:0 palmitic acid 2.1 2.4 g/kg 26.6 % FA C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:0 stearic acid 2.8 3.1 g/kg 34.7 % FA C18:1 oleic acid 2.7 3.1 g/kg 34.1 % FA C18:2 linoleic acid 0.2 0.3 g/kg 2.9 % FA C18:3 linolenic acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.1 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Fatty acids 0.8 0.9 % 95 % fat DE growing pig (kcal) 2330 2640 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 2160 2440 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1330 1510 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 2530 2860 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2290 2600 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1440 1630 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 62 % OM digestibility growing pig - 65.3 % N digestibility growing pig - 64.8 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 0 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 67.2 % OM digestibility adult pig - 70.3 % N digestibility adult pig - 69.6 % PDIA INRA 2007 35 40 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 144 163 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 64 73 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 1310 1480 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 44.4 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 47 % N digestibility ruminants - 68.1 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 65 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 56.1 % Absorbable P ruminants 4.4 5 g/kg 68 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 55 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.9 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.6 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.4 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 71.3 % Energy digestibility horse - 68.8 % Horse Forage Unit 0.68 0.77 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 129 146 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2020 2290 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 1860 2110 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 53.7 % N digestibility rabbit - 54 % Gross energy (MJ) 15.7 17.8 MJ/kg - 1 1 Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.2 1.3 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 50 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.41 0.47 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.32 0.36 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 31 35 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 68 77 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 126 142 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.39 0.45 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.29 0.33 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 36 41 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 71 81 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 120 136 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 690 790 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 520 590 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1210 1370 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 45.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 43 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 77 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.9 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.7 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.5 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 5.1 5.7 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 2.9 3.3 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 2.2 2.5 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 53 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.36 0.4 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.26 0.29 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 44 50 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 79 89 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 109 123 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.313 0.354 per kg - Water insoluble cell walls 36 40.8 % - Phytate phosphorus 3.9 4.4 g/kg 60 % P Magnesium 4 4.5 g/kg - Potassium 18.2 20.6 g/kg - Electrolyte balance 464 526 mEq/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (no phytase) 2 2.2 g/kg 30 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 2.9 3.3 g/kg 45 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1430 1620 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 1420 1610 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 1.6 1.8 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 1.6 1.8 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.42 0.48 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.33 0.37 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 2250 2550 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 60 % N digestibility salmonids - 85.8 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 6.9 7.8 g/kg 66 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 5.7 6.5 g/kg 67 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.9 g/kg 78 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.9 g/kg 63 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 3.4 3.9 g/kg 70 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2.1 g/kg 68 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 6.3 7.2 g/kg 74 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 6.6 7.5 g/kg 72 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 11.5 13 g/kg 76 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 8 9 g/kg 78 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 4.9 5.6 g/kg 75 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 12.9 14.6 g/kg 77 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 2.9 3.3 g/kg 74 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 10.1 11.5 g/kg 83 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 6.7 7.6 g/kg 69 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 15.2 17.2 g/kg 73 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 29.4 33.3 g/kg 80 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 4.8 5.5 g/kg 62 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 6.9 7.9 g/kg 71 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 5.6 6.3 g/kg 72 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.5 8.5 g/kg 72 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.8 6.6 g/kg 68 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 1.9 g/kg 78 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 2 g/kg 67 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.5 4 g/kg 72 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2.2 g/kg 72 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.4 7.2 g/kg 75 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.8 7.6 g/kg 73 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.2 12.7 g/kg 74 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.8 8.8 g/kg 76 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.7 5.3 g/kg 71 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.4 14.1 g/kg 74 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.8 3.2 g/kg 72 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.3 10.5 g/kg 76 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.1 8 g/kg 73 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 14.6 16.6 g/kg 70 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 28.1 31.8 g/kg 77 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.3 6 g/kg 69 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 7 7.9 g/kg 72 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 5.7 6.5 g/kg 74 % DE growing pig (MJ) 9.8 11 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 9 10.2 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 5.6 6.3 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 10.6 12 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 9.6 10.9 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 6 6.8 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 6 6.8 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 6 6.7 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 5.5 6.2 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 8.5 9.6 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 7.8 8.8 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 9.4 10.7 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 424 480 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 359 406 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 29 33 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 145 164 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 1 1.1 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 0.4 0.4 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 46.5 52.6 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 2.24 2.54 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.01 1.15 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 0.95 1.08 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.09 1.23 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.58 0.66 Mcal/kg - EN Lactation ruminants GfE 3 3.4 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 108 122 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 22 25 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 7.1 8 % - 1 1 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -