Dry matter 89.5 100 % - 1.8 83.1 -96.1 1261 2.8 Crude protein 36 40.2 % - 1.8 31.1 -44.1 1439 1.8 35.6 -48.2 1254 Crude fibre 5.6 6.3 % - 1 3.3 -9.1 319 1.1 3.5 -10 274 Crude fat 18.4 20.5 % - 1.9 11.6 -23.7 353 2.1 12.9 -25.4 347 Ash 5.1 5.7 % - 0.4 4.2 -6.5 277 0.4 4.5 -7.5 253 Insoluble ash 0.08 0.09 % - 0.02 0.05 -0.1 9 0.03 0.06 -0.1 9 NDF 12 13.4 % - 2.1 7 -14.6 44 2.3 7.5 -17.2 43 ADF 7 7.8 % - 0.9 5.1 -8.2 48 1 5.6 -9.6 47 Lignin 0.9 1 % - 0.7 0.3 -2.7 65 0.7 0.3 -3 62 Water insoluble cell walls 17.3 19.4 % - 14.5 -23.5 2 1 Starch 5.3 5.9 % - 2 0.5 -8.7 97 2.3 0.6 -10.2 95 Total sugars 7.5 8.4 % - 0.8 5.7 -9 83 0.9 6.4 -11.4 82 Gross energy (kcal) 4980 5560 kcal/kg - 160 4890 -5660 19 130 5520 -6020 23 Calcium 3 3.3 g/kg - 0.7 0.8 -4.7 247 0.8 0.9 -5.3 236 Phosphorus 5.6 6.2 g/kg - 0.5 4.1 -6.9 248 0.5 4.6 -7.6 238 Phytate phosphorus 3.3 3.7 g/kg 60 % P Magnesium 2.3 2.6 g/kg - 0.3 1.5 -2.8 17 0.3 1.7 -3.1 15 Potassium 18.1 20.2 g/kg - 1.5 13.5 -19.2 29 1.6 15 -20.3 17 Sodium 0.05 0.05 g/kg - 0.04 0 -0.3 76 0.04 0.01 -0.17 63 Chlorine 0.3 0.3 g/kg - 0.09 0.09 -0.9 24 0.1 0.1 -0.4 13 Sulfur 2.8 3.2 g/kg - 0.3 2.2 -3.2 13 0.3 2.4 -3.6 13 Dietary cation-anion difference 283 316 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 459 513 mEq/kg - Manganese 27 30 mg/kg - 5 21 -35 14 5 22 -38 11 Zinc 44 50 mg/kg - 19 35 -105 18 21 40 -116 12 Copper 13 15 mg/kg - 5 11 -28 14 6 12 -31 11 Iron 106 119 mg/kg - 19 60 -187 14 21 67 -143 11 Selenium 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - 0.08 0.2 -0.5 11 0.09 0.2 -0.5 11 Cobalt 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - 0.04 0.09 -0.2 10 0.05 0.1 -0.2 10 Molybdenum 4 4 mg/kg - Iodine 0.09 0.1 mg/kg - 0.09 -0.09 4 0.1 -0.1 4 Lysine 22.4 25 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N 1.4 20 -27.2 68 1.4 21.7 -29.4 56 0.3 5.5-6.9 59 Threonine 14.6 16.3 g/kg 4 g/16g N 0.9 12.4 -15.8 30 0.9 13.6 -17.3 25 0.2 3.5-4.4 28 Methionine 5.2 5.8 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.5 4.2 -7 50 0.5 4.8 -7.6 40 0.1 1.2-1.7 43 Cystine 5.3 5.9 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 0.6 4.7 -8.1 37 0.7 5 -8.8 30 0.1 1.3-1.9 33 Methionine + cystine 10.5 11.8 g/kg 2.9 g/16g N 0.8 9 -12.1 36 0.9 9.8 -13.4 29 0.2 2.5-3.4 32 Tryptophan 4.6 5.1 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N 0.4 4.3 -5.2 8 4.8 -5.7 4 0.05 1.2-1.4 7 Isoleucine 16.8 18.7 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 1.1 14.2 -19.1 25 1.2 16.5 -21.2 21 0.3 4.1-5.3 24 Valine 17.3 19.4 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 1.4 14.6 -19.8 26 1.5 16.7 -21.9 22 0.3 4.4-5.5 25 Leucine 27.2 30.3 g/kg 7.5 g/16g N 1.8 23.5 -30.2 23 2 26.7 -33.5 19 0.3 6.9-8.4 22 Phenylalanine 18.2 20.3 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N 1.2 16.5 -20.7 25 1.3 18.3 -22.9 21 0.2 4.7-5.7 24 Tyrosine 12.8 14.3 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 1.2 11.7 -15.7 21 1.3 13 -17.4 18 0.2 3.3-4.3 20 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 31 34.6 g/kg 8.6 g/16g N 2.3 28.3 -36.4 20 2.5 31.6 -40.3 17 0.4 8.2-10.1 19 Histidine 9.8 11 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 1.1 8.6 -12.5 24 1.2 9.6 -13.8 20 0.3 2.3-3.3 23 Arginine 26.3 29.4 g/kg 7.3 g/16g N 2.4 20.6 -29.1 27 2.6 23.3 -33.3 23 0.5 6.1-8.1 26 Alanine 15.3 17.1 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1.3 12.5 -16.9 20 1.4 14.2 -19.2 16 0.2 3.8-4.7 19 Aspartic acid 40.1 44.8 g/kg 11.1 g/16g N 3.3 32.8 -45.7 26 3.6 37.2 -50.6 22 0.7 9.9-12.7 25 Glutamic acid 63.4 70.8 g/kg 17.6 g/16g N 5.3 56.9 -75.2 19 5.7 60.4 -83.3 15 1.1 16.2-20.8 18 Glycine 15.5 17.3 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1.2 12.9 -17.3 22 1.3 14.7 -19.2 18 0.2 3.9-4.6 21 Serine 18.9 21.2 g/kg 5.3 g/16g N 1.7 14.1 -20.8 24 1.9 15.6 -23 20 0.3 4.2-5.8 23 Proline 18.1 20.2 g/kg 5 g/16g N 1.6 16.5 -23.2 24 1.7 18.1 -25.6 20 0.4 4.6-5.9 23 C14:0 myristic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.3 0-1.1 14 C16:0 palmitic acid 19.8 22.1 g/kg 11.2 % FA 2.1 16.6 -23 17 2.2 17.8 -24.8 17 2.2 9.6-20.8 22 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.08 0-0.2 7 C18:0 stearic acid 6.7 7.5 g/kg 3.8 % FA 0.8 4.8 -7.5 16 0.9 5.2 -8.4 16 0.4 3.2-4.8 22 C18:1 oleic acid 40.8 45.6 g/kg 23.1 % FA 3.5 34.1 -43.8 16 3.8 36.6 -49.1 16 1.6 19.8-27.3 23 C18:2 linoleic acid 95.4 107 g/kg 54 % FA 9.7 83.3 -112 18 10.6 90.1 -125 18 2.9 42.9-58.2 22 C18:3 linolenic acid 12.8 14.3 g/kg 7.2 % FA 2.6 11 -18.3 16 2.9 11.9 -20.4 16 0.9 4.8-8.7 22 Fatty acids 17.7 19.7 % 96 % fat 2 94-99 10 Vitamin E 8.6 9.6 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 4.3 4.8 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 7.6 8.5 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 2.3 2.5 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 10.7 11.9 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 4.8 5.3 mg/kg - Folic acid 0 0 mg/kg - Biotin 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - Choline 2152 2405 mg/kg - DE growing pig (kcal) 3810 4250 kcal/kg - 420 4170 -5280 6 ME growing pig (kcal) 3570 3990 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2620 2930 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 4160 4650 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3890 4340 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2820 3150 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 76.4 % 6.7 74.8-92.3 6 OM digestibility growing pig - 77.8 % 1 N digestibility growing pig - 85.2 % 6.4 77-94.8 8 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 83 % 73-88 3 Crude fat digestibility pig - 80 % 1 Energy digestibility adult pig - 83.6 % OM digestibility adult pig - 86.2 % N digestibility adult pig - 91.2 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.8 2 g/kg 32 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 3310 3700 kcal/kg - 170 3130 -3920 11 170 3540 -4200 12 AMEn cockerel, pelleted (kcal) 3530 3940 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 3210 3580 kcal/kg - 1 AMEn broiler, pelleted (kcal) 3420 3830 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 183 204 g/kg - 1 PDIN INRA 2007 270 302 g/kg - 1 PDIE INRA 2007 215 240 g/kg - 1 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 3360 3750 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 87.2 % 1 OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 85 % 1 N digestibility ruminants - 78.3 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 88 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 78.2 % Absorbable P ruminants 4.1 4.5 g/kg 73 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 48 % 39-54 2 Immediately degradable N (a) - 16 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 80 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.04 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 58 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 29 % Potentially degradable DM (b) - 64 % Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.05 h-1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.8 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.5 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.3 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.4 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 83 % Energy digestibility horse - 79.8 % Horse Forage Unit 1.06 1.19 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 283 317 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3940 4400 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 3560 3980 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 79.1 % N digestibility rabbit - 86.8 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 19.5 21.8 g/kg 87 % 18.7 -22.1 3 20.6 -24.5 3 78-91 3 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 12.2 13.6 g/kg 84 % 9.9 -13.7 3 11 -15.1 3 66-88 3 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 4.4 5 g/kg 85 % 3.6 -4.6 3 4 -5 3 76-89 3 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.7 g/kg 80 % 3.3 -5.9 3 3.7 -6.5 3 59-87 3 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 8.7 9.7 g/kg 83 % 8 -10.4 2 9.1 -11.5 2 77-88 2 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 4 g/kg 77 % 3.3 -3.7 2 3.8 -4 2 71-77 2 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 14.2 15.9 g/kg 85 % 12.4 -17 3 13.7 -18.8 3 72-89 3 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 14.6 16.3 g/kg 84 % 12.6 -17.6 3 13.9 -19.4 3 70-89 3 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 23 25.8 g/kg 85 % 21.6 -26.9 3 23.8 -29.8 3 73-89 3 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 15.7 17.5 g/kg 86 % 13.6 -18.8 3 15 -20.8 3 69-91 3 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 11.2 12.5 g/kg 88 % 83-92 2 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 26.9 30.1 g/kg 87 % 26.6 -33.3 2 82-92 2 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 8.6 9.7 g/kg 88 % 8.1 -9.6 3 8.9 -10.7 3 79-92 3 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 23.9 26.7 g/kg 91 % 23.8 -27.3 3 26.2 -30.3 3 82-94 3 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 12.8 14.3 g/kg 83 % 11.9 -14.5 3 13.1 -16 3 72-87 3 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 34.9 39.1 g/kg 87 % 32.8 -41.4 3 36.2 -45.8 3 75-91 3 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 55.8 62.3 g/kg 88 % 53.6 -68.4 3 59.2 -75.7 3 77-91 3 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 12.8 14.3 g/kg 82 % 11.6 -14.3 3 12.8 -15.8 3 71-87 3 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 16.2 18.1 g/kg 85 % 14.3 -18.6 3 15.8 -20.6 3 73-89 3 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 15.9 17.7 g/kg 88 % 15.5 -17.5 3 17.7 -19.4 3 75-92 3 Gross energy (MJ) 20.8 23.3 MJ/kg - 0.6 20.5 -23.7 19 0.6 23.1 -25.2 23 Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.6 1.8 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 85 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.37 1.53 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.39 1.56 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 139 155 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 185 206 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 118 132 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.34 1.5 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.36 1.51 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 158 176 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 201 225 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 100 111 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2360 2640 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2390 2670 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3520 3940 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 83.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 85.8 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 50 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.8 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.5 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.4 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.6 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.7 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 14.8 16.6 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9.9 11.1 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10.1 11.3 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 59 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.28 1.43 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.28 1.43 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 180 201 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 222 249 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 76 85 g/kg - Origin France, ex factory Phosphorus consumption 3.76 4.2 g P/kg - Origin France, ex factory Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 6.69 7.48 MJ/kg - Origin France, ex factory Climate change (ILCD) 332 371 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Acidification (ILCD) 0.0035 0.0039 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Eutrophication (CML baseline) 14.05 15.7 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0005 0.0006 m²yr/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.292 0.326 per kg - Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 19 21.3 g/kg 85 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.2 12.5 g/kg 77 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.4 4.9 g/kg 84 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.6 4 g/kg 68 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 8 8.9 g/kg 76 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 3.4 3.8 g/kg 75 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.9 15.5 g/kg 83 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.2 15.9 g/kg 82 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 22.5 25.2 g/kg 83 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 15.3 17.1 g/kg 84 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.4 11.6 g/kg 81 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 25.6 28.7 g/kg 83 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.2 9.2 g/kg 84 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 22.9 25.6 g/kg 87 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.4 13.9 g/kg 81 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 32.5 36.3 g/kg 81 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 53.2 59.5 g/kg 84 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.9 13.3 g/kg 77 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 15.3 17.1 g/kg 81 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 15 16.8 g/kg 83 % C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0 0-0.01 5 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.5 0.6 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.09 0.1-0.4 11 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.04 0.1-0.2 6 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:0 behenic acid 0.8 0.9 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.4-0.5 2 C22:1 erucic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-0.3 2 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.2-0.2 2 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 2.7 3 g/kg 48 % Available P cockerel 1.4 1.6 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 1.4 1.6 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.24 1.39 per kg - 1 UFV INRA 2007 1.23 1.37 per kg - 1 DE salmonids (kcal) 4280 4780 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 85.9 % N digestibility salmonids - 97.5 % DE growing pig (MJ) 15.9 17.8 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 15 16.7 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 11 12.3 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 17.4 19.5 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 16.3 18.2 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 11.8 13.2 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 13.9 15.5 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 13.4 15 MJ/kg - 1 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 14.1 15.7 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 16.5 18.4 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 14.9 16.6 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 17.9 20 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1241 1387 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1341 1499 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 205 229 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 102 114 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 4.9 5.5 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.4 1.5 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 94.8 106 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 4.46 4.99 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.6 2.91 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 2.47 2.76 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.59 2.89 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.86 2.08 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 49 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 56 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 8.8 9.8 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 311 347 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 8 9 g/kg - Origin Brazil, processed in France, average deforestation, ex factory Phosphorus consumption 16.58 18.53 g P/kg - Origin Brazil, processed in France, average deforestation, ex factory Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 9.43 10.54 MJ/kg - Origin Brazil, processed in France, average deforestation, ex factory Climate change (ILCD) 1399 1563 g CO2eq/kg - Origin Brazil, processed in France, average deforestation, ex factory Acidification (ILCD) 0.0088 0.0099 mol H+eq/kg - Origin Brazil, processed in France, average deforestation, ex factory Eutrophication (CML baseline) 29.07 32.49 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin Brazil, processed in France, average deforestation, ex factory Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0007 0.0008 m²yr/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0.6 0.7 % - Vitamin A 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin K 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - Vitamin C 46.5 52 mg/kg -