Dry matter 88 100 % - 1.2 83.8 -96.7 2362 1.9 Crude protein 15.7 17.9 % - 1.1 9.8 -18.9 2736 1.2 10.8 -21.3 2384 Crude fibre 7 7.9 % - 1.3 2.6 -10 1207 1.5 3 -11.7 984 Crude fat 3.9 4.4 % - 0.6 0.8 -5.2 597 0.7 0.9 -6 585 Ash 4.1 4.7 % - 0.6 1.6 -5.8 949 0.6 1.9 -6.4 792 Insoluble ash 0.08 0.09 % - 0.04 0.01 -0.2 31 0.04 0.01 -0.2 31 NDF 31 35.3 % - 5.9 17.4 -43.6 88 6.7 20.6 -50.3 138 ADF 9 10.3 % - 2.1 4.4 -13.1 88 2.4 5.2 -15.2 146 Lignin 2.6 3 % - 0.7 0.8 -3.8 135 0.8 0.9 -4.3 186 Water insoluble cell walls 30.3 34.4 % - 5.8 19.9 -33.6 8 6.6 22.5 -38.9 7 Starch 28.4 32.3 % - 6.7 17 -59.6 2437 7.6 19.2 -67.6 2126 Total sugars 6.9 7.9 % - 1.8 2.1 -10.5 111 2.1 2.4 -12 113 Gross energy (kcal) 4020 4580 kcal/kg - 90 3870 -4290 20 80 4410 -4840 39 Calcium 1.1 1.3 g/kg - 0.3 0.2 -2.1 221 0.4 0.2 -2.4 225 Phosphorus 8.3 9.5 g/kg - 1.7 3.9 -15.3 243 1.9 4.4 -16.8 248 Phytate phosphorus 6.7 7.6 g/kg 80 % P 1 7 -10.5 3 78-80 3 Magnesium 3.5 4 g/kg - 0.7 1.1 -4.3 33 0.8 1.2 -4.8 33 Potassium 10.4 11.8 g/kg - 1.5 7.1 -15.4 41 1.7 8.1 -16.9 48 Sodium 0.05 0.06 g/kg - 0.03 0.01 -0.18 64 0.04 0.01 -0.2 71 Chlorine 0.9 1.1 g/kg - 0.2 0.7 -1.3 6 0.2 0.8 -1.4 5 Sulfur 1.7 1.9 g/kg - 0.3 1.4 -2 7 0.3 1.5 -2.3 7 Dietary cation-anion difference 135 154 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 242 275 mEq/kg - Manganese 93 106 mg/kg - 25 73 -150 16 28 58 -169 26 Zinc 89 101 mg/kg - 18 70 -131 8 21 72 -143 18 Copper 13 14 mg/kg - 2 10 -15 8 2 11 -17 16 Iron 147 167 mg/kg - 65 58 -236 7 73 65 -257 7 Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 0.2 -0.2 2 Cobalt 0.07 0.08 mg/kg - 1 1 Molybdenum 0.9 1 mg/kg - 0.01 0.9 -0.9 5 0 1 -1 5 Iodine 0.09 0.1 mg/kg - 0 0.09 -0.09 5 0 0.1 -0.1 5 Lysine 6.3 7.1 g/kg 4 g/16g N 0.8 2.3 -8.1 72 0.9 4.6 -9.3 45 0.5 2.2-4.9 73 Threonine 5.1 5.8 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 0.6 2.6 -6.1 60 0.7 4.2 -8 36 0.2 2.6-4 64 Methionine 2.4 2.7 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 0.4 1.5 -3.2 59 0.4 1.6 -3.6 34 0.2 0.8-2 62 Cystine 3.2 3.6 g/kg 2 g/16g N 0.3 2.1 -4 52 0.4 2.9 -4.6 26 0.2 1.6-2.6 53 Methionine + cystine 5.6 6.3 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 0.4 3.6 -6.5 51 0.5 5.3 -7.2 25 0.3 3.1-4.4 52 Tryptophan 2.1 2.4 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N 0.3 1.1 -2.8 37 0.3 1.9 -2.9 14 0.2 1.1-1.8 38 Isoleucine 5 5.7 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 0.5 3.4 -6.4 60 0.5 4.7 -7 36 0.2 2.8-3.8 64 Valine 7.1 8.1 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 0.7 4 -8.5 58 0.8 6.4 -10 32 0.3 3.8-5.1 60 Leucine 9.6 10.9 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 0.7 6.5 -11.2 60 0.8 9.9 -14 36 0.4 5.2-7 64 Phenylalanine 6.2 7.1 g/kg 4 g/16g N 0.5 5.3 -7.4 55 0.6 5.9 -8.2 34 0.2 3.4-4.4 59 Tyrosine 4.1 4.7 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N 0.6 2.9 -5.1 39 0.7 3.4 -6 20 0.3 2.1-3.5 43 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 10.3 11.7 g/kg 6.6 g/16g N 1 8.5 -11.9 31 1.1 9.4 -14 15 0.4 5.7-7.3 35 Histidine 4.2 4.7 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N 0.4 2 -5 56 0.5 3.8 -5.5 32 0.2 2-3.1 59 Arginine 10 11.4 g/kg 6.4 g/16g N 1.4 5.4 -12.9 57 1.5 8.4 -15 34 0.5 4.9-7.2 60 Alanine 7 8 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 0.9 4.4 -9 56 1.1 6.1 -11 33 0.4 3.4-5.2 58 Aspartic acid 10.4 11.8 g/kg 6.6 g/16g N 1.2 6.5 -12.7 54 1.4 9.3 -16 34 0.4 5.5-8.1 57 Glutamic acid 31.7 36 g/kg 20.2 g/16g N 3.1 24.4 -42.3 54 3.4 30.5 -44.5 33 2.6 14.4-26.7 57 Glycine 7.6 8.7 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 0.8 3.4 -8.9 57 0.9 6.6 -11 34 0.4 3.5-5.8 61 Serine 6.7 7.7 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 0.6 4.4 -7.6 56 0.6 6.2 -8.6 31 0.3 3.1-5 58 Proline 10.5 11.9 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N 0.8 8 -13.9 38 0.9 10.2 -13.6 19 0.7 5.1-8.7 40 C14:0 myristic acid 0.04 0.05 g/kg 0.1 % FA 1 1 0-0.3 4 C16:0 palmitic acid 5.6 6.3 g/kg 17.8 % FA 1 3.4 -6.1 6 1.1 3.9 -6.9 6 0.9 15.5-18.3 9 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.4 % FA C18:0 stearic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.08 0.09 -0.3 6 0.09 0.1 -0.3 6 0.07 0.7-0.9 8 C18:1 oleic acid 4.8 5.4 g/kg 15.2 % FA 1.3 3 -6.2 6 1.4 3.4 -7.1 6 2.7 11.3-20.4 11 C18:2 linoleic acid 17.7 20.1 g/kg 56.4 % FA 3.4 12.3 -21.9 6 3.8 13.9 -24.1 6 C18:3 linolenic acid 1.8 2.1 g/kg 5.9 % FA 0.4 1.2 -2.4 6 0.4 1.3 -2.6 6 1 5.4-8.5 9 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.4 0.5 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1 Fatty acids 3.1 3.6 % 80 % fat 3 80-86 5 Vitamin E 15 17 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 7.7 8.7 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 4.1 4.6 mg/kg - 1 Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 9.9 11.3 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 194 221 mg/kg - 1 Pantothenic acid 28.4 32.3 mg/kg - Folic acid 0 0 mg/kg - Biotin 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - Choline 753 856 mg/kg - Viscosity, real applied - 2 mL/g Phytase activity 2590 2940 IU/kg - 1 1900 -3850 2 DE growing pig (kcal) 2680 3050 kcal/kg - 310 2300 -3100 3 350 2510 -3560 6 ME growing pig (kcal) 2560 2910 kcal/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (kcal) 1860 2110 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 2860 3250 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2700 3070 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1960 2230 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 66.6 % 7.2 56.4-78 6 OM digestibility growing pig - 69.9 % N digestibility growing pig - 70.8 % 69-79.4 4 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 75.9 % 5.3 72.9-88.8 13 Crude fat digestibility pig - 50.4 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 71.1 % OM digestibility adult pig - 74.2 % 1 N digestibility adult pig - 77.7 % 1 Digestible P pig (no phytase) 2.1 2.4 g/kg 25 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 4.2 4.7 g/kg 50 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2080 2360 kcal/kg - 360 1260 -2220 7 410 1460 -2840 9 AMEn broiler (kcal) 1990 2260 kcal/kg - 1430 -1990 2 PDIA INRA 2007 36 41 g/kg - 32 -64 2 PDIN INRA 2007 103 117 g/kg - 111 -135 2 PDIE INRA 2007 85 97 g/kg - 94 -137 2 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2410 2740 kcal/kg - 290 2370 -2560 4 330 2390 -3510 20 Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 73.2 % 5.7 67.1-84.7 20 OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 75 % 5.2 71.6-87.2 21 N digestibility ruminants - 68.7 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 87 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 73.3 % Absorbable P ruminants 6.3 7.1 g/kg 75 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 76 % 8 68-87 6 Immediately degradable N (a) - 35 % 32-56 2 Potentially degradable N (b) - 57 % 39-83 3 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.155 h-1 0.134-0.182 3 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 95 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 64 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.7 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.7 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 74.8 % 1 Energy digestibility horse - 72 % Horse Forage Unit 0.87 0.99 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 112 127 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2920 3320 kcal/kg - 1 2930 -3460 2 ME rabbit (kcal) 2800 3180 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 72.6 % 1 N digestibility rabbit - 59.8 % DE salmonids (kcal) 1790 2040 kcal/kg - 1490 -2030 4 1670 -2280 4 Energy digestibility, salmonids - 44.6 % 36-45.3 4 N digestibility salmonids - 89.3 % 68-92 4 Digestible P salmonids 4 4.6 g/kg 48 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 4.7 5.4 g/kg 76 % 4.4 -5.6 2 5 -6.4 2 6 68-89 13 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 3.7 4.2 g/kg 73 % 3 -4.5 2 3.4 -5.1 2 5 69-87 13 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 2 2.2 g/kg 82 % 1.9 -2.1 2 2.2 -2.4 2 4 79-91 13 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.5 2.8 g/kg 78 % 4 76-88 13 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.4 5 g/kg 80 % 4 78-89 13 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.9 g/kg 80 % 3 78-88 9 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 4 4.6 g/kg 80 % 5 74-90 13 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 6.3 g/kg 78 % 5.4 -6.1 2 6.2 -7 2 6 68-90 13 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 7.8 8.8 g/kg 81 % 5 74-91 13 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.2 6 g/kg 84 % 5 76-93 13 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.4 3.9 g/kg 84 % 3.4 -4.3 2 3.9 -4.9 2 6 70-95 13 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 8.7 9.9 g/kg 84 % 8.5 -9.2 2 9.7 -10.4 2 6 74-94 13 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 4 g/kg 84 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 8.8 10 g/kg 88 % 7.5 -9.5 2 8.5 -10.9 2 3 85-95 13 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.1 5.8 g/kg 72 % 4.6 -5.7 2 5.2 -6.5 2 7 66-88 13 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 8 9.1 g/kg 77 % 7.1 -9.3 2 8 -10.6 2 5 68-89 13 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 28.4 32.2 g/kg 90 % 25.4 -31.4 2 29 -35.8 2 3 85-95 13 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 5.6 6.3 g/kg 73 % 5 -6 2 5.6 -6.8 2 7 62-88 13 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 5.4 6.1 g/kg 80 % 4.7 -6.1 2 5.4 -6.9 2 4 76-90 13 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 9.1 10.4 g/kg 87 % 8 70-94 8 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.9 5.6 g/kg 78 % 66-83 2 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.8 4.3 g/kg 75 % 59-75 2 Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.3 g/kg 83 % 69-85 2 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.8 g/kg 78 % 69-79 2 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 5.1 g/kg 80 % 1 Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 1.9 g/kg 80 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.7 g/kg 82 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.6 6.3 g/kg 79 % 65-80 2 Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.7 8.8 g/kg 81 % 69-83 2 Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.1 5.8 g/kg 82 % 74-83 2 Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.1 3.5 g/kg 76 % 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.2 9.3 g/kg 80 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.2 3.7 g/kg 77 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.1 9.2 g/kg 80 % 66-83 2 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.4 6.1 g/kg 77 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 8 9.1 g/kg 77 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 28.3 32.1 g/kg 89 % 82-90 2 Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.8 6.6 g/kg 76 % 60-88 2 Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.3 6.1 g/kg 79 % 66-80 2 Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 8.7 9.9 g/kg 83 % 79-88 2 Gross energy (MJ) 16.8 19.2 MJ/kg - 0.4 16.2 -18 20 0.3 18.4 -20.3 39 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.6 0.7 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.9 1.03 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.87 0.99 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 29 34 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 78 89 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 35 40 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.88 1 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.85 0.96 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 34 39 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 81 92 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 32 36 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1560 1770 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1490 1700 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2420 2750 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 73.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 71.8 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 75 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 89 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.6 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10.4 11.8 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.7 7.6 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.5 7.4 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 62 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.84 0.96 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.8 0.91 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 41 47 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 87 99 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 26 29 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.254 0.289 per kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.08 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.06 0.07 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-1.9 3 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.5 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Available P cockerel 2.1 2.4 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 2.1 2.4 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.87 0.99 per kg - 0.06 0.81 -0.89 4 0.07 0.93 -1.13 12 UFV INRA 2007 0.82 0.94 per kg - 0.08 0.77 -0.85 4 0.09 0.87 -1.12 12 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 44 % 15 27-74 6 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 38 % 8 21-46 6 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.065 h-1 0.052 0.004-0.145 6 DE growing pig (MJ) 11.2 12.8 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 10.7 12.2 MJ/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (MJ) 7.8 8.9 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 12 13.6 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 11.3 12.9 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 8.2 9.3 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 8.7 9.9 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 8.3 9.5 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 10.1 11.5 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 12.2 13.9 MJ/kg - 1 ME rabbit (MJ) 11.7 13.3 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 7.5 8.5 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 866 985 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 902 1025 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 71 81 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 35 40 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.9 4.4 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.4 1.6 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 66.7 75.8 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.01 3.42 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.53 1.74 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.44 1.64 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.64 1.87 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.09 1.23 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 22 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 26 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.1 7 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 143 162 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 2 3 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 24.5 27.9 % - 8.5 22 -26.3 5 9.7 25.1 -57.5 14 Vitamin A 0.09 0.1 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin K 0.5 0.5 mg/kg - Vitamin C 0 0 mg/kg -