Dry matter 92 100 % - 2.1 85.6 -96.4 225 3.2 Crude protein 20.2 22 % - 2.7 13.7 -32 229 2.9 14.8 -34.4 259 Crude fibre 25.4 27.6 % - 3.6 17 -34.2 208 3.9 18.2 -36.9 216 Crude fat 18.2 19.8 % - 2.9 11.3 -23.9 161 3.1 12.3 -26.2 186 Ash 4 4.3 % - 0.4 2.7 -5.3 159 0.4 3 -5.9 194 Insoluble ash 0.1 0.1 % - 0.08 0.02 -0.4 81 0.09 0.02 -0.4 87 NDF 42 45.6 % - 3.7 35.5 -50.2 34 3.9 36.4 -54.8 54 ADF 32.6 35.4 % - 3.5 27.9 -40.5 37 3.7 26.7 -44.7 60 Lignin 9.6 10.5 % - 2.3 6.6 -13.6 30 2.5 7.1 -16.9 50 Water insoluble cell walls 49.5 53.8 % - Starch 1.9 2.1 % - 0.3 -3.6 2 0.3 -3.9 2 Total sugars 1.9 2.1 % - 1.5 -2.4 2 1.6 -2.6 2 Gross energy (kcal) 5230 5680 kcal/kg - 5400 -5880 3 Calcium 1.4 1.6 g/kg - 0.5 0.7 -3.4 120 0.5 0.6 -3.6 149 Phosphorus 5.3 5.8 g/kg - 1.2 2.9 -7.7 119 1.3 1.1 -8.2 149 Phytate phosphorus 3.7 4 g/kg 70 % P 1 Magnesium 3.2 3.5 g/kg - 0.4 2.1 -4.3 100 0.5 2.1 -4.7 126 Potassium 10.6 11.6 g/kg - 2.1 1.1 -14.5 107 2.2 1.2 -15.6 133 Sodium 0.1 0.11 g/kg - 0.06 0.04 -0.27 9 0.06 0.04 -0.3 32 Chlorine 0.4 0.5 g/kg - 0.2 0.2 0.3 -1 20 Sulfur 2 2.2 g/kg - 1 Dietary cation-anion difference 141 153 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 265 288 mEq/kg - Manganese 18 20 mg/kg - 7 14 -41 33 Zinc 30 33 mg/kg - 7 26 -55 10 8 24 -58 34 Copper 56 61 mg/kg - 82 5 -237 35 Iron 90 98 mg/kg - 44 46 -183 25 Selenium 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.4 0.4 mg/kg - 1 0.4 -0.4 2 Molybdenum 2 2 mg/kg - 0.2 0.2 2 -2 10 Lysine 9.5 10.4 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N Threonine 7.6 8.3 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N Methionine 3.6 3.9 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N Cystine 2.9 3.1 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N Methionine + cystine 6.4 7 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N Tryptophan 2.6 2.9 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N Isoleucine 6.8 7.4 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N Valine 8.1 8.9 g/kg 4 g/16g N Leucine 12.1 13.2 g/kg 6 g/16g N Phenylalanine 10.8 11.7 g/kg 5.3 g/16g N Tyrosine 6.4 7 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N Phenylalanine + tyrosine 17.2 18.7 g/kg 8.5 g/16g N Histidine 7.6 8.2 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N Arginine 22.2 24.2 g/kg 11 g/16g N Alanine 7.9 8.6 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N Aspartic acid 19.7 21.4 g/kg 9.7 g/16g N Glutamic acid 37.7 41 g/kg 18.7 g/16g N Glycine 8.9 9.7 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N Serine 9.4 10.2 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N Proline 9.1 9.9 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N C12:0 lauric acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.1 % FA C14:0 myristic acid 1.2 1.3 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.3 0.5-1.2 9 C16:0 palmitic acid 36.4 39.6 g/kg 22.7 % FA 0.8 21.7-24.2 14 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.8 0.9 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.3 0.3-1 9 C18:0 stearic acid 3.1 3.4 g/kg 1.9 % FA 0.4 1.5-3 14 C18:1 oleic acid 26.8 29.1 g/kg 16.7 % FA 1.5 14.7-20.8 14 C18:2 linoleic acid 91.8 99.8 g/kg 57.3 % FA 3.6 46.1-60 14 C18:3 linolenic acid 1.1 1.2 g/kg 0.7 % FA 1.4 0.05-4.4 9 Fatty acids 16 17.4 % 88 % fat 2 86-90 10 DE growing pig (kcal) 3090 3360 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 2940 3200 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2090 2270 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3340 3630 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3130 3400 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2210 2400 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 59.1 % OM digestibility growing pig - 60.8 % N digestibility growing pig - 58.7 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 80 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 63.9 % OM digestibility adult pig - 66.4 % N digestibility adult pig - 66 % PDIA INRA 2007 46 50 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 125 136 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 75 81 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2620 2840 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 63.4 % 1 OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 62.1 % 46.7-71 4 N digestibility ruminants - 70 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 71 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 78 % Absorbable P ruminants 3.9 4.3 g/kg 74 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 71 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 36 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 43 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.26 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 37 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 25 % 21-30 3 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 48 % 30-53 3 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.02 h-1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.5 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.8 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.6 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.7 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.5 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 75.8 % Energy digestibility horse - 73 % Horse Forage Unit 1.09 1.19 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 142 155 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2690 2930 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 2500 2720 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 51.5 % N digestibility rabbit - 77.5 % Gross energy (MJ) 21.9 23.8 MJ/kg - 22.6 -24.6 3 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.8 0.9 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 64 % 1 UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.99 1.08 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.91 0.99 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 42 45 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 85 92 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 63 69 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.96 1.04 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.87 0.95 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 45 49 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 87 94 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 61 66 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1690 1830 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1540 1670 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2710 2940 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 60.7 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 62 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 69 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.6 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.5 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.8 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.9 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.5 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 11.8 12.9 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.4 8.1 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.9 7.5 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 37 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.9 0.98 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.8 0.87 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 50 54 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 91 99 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 55 60 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.472 0.513 per kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.5 0.5 g/kg 0.3 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 0.2 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.6 1.7 g/kg 30 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 2.4 2.6 g/kg 45 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2420 2630 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 2230 2420 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 1.3 1.4 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 1.3 1.4 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.9 0.98 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.81 0.88 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 3280 3560 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 62.7 % N digestibility salmonids - 84.9 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 6.1 6.6 g/kg 64 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 5 5.4 g/kg 65 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 2.7 3 g/kg 77 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.9 g/kg 61 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.5 4.9 g/kg 70 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.9 g/kg 66 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 5 5.4 g/kg 73 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 5.7 6.2 g/kg 70 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 9 9.8 g/kg 75 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 8.3 9 g/kg 77 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 4.7 5.1 g/kg 74 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 13 14.2 g/kg 76 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 6 g/kg 72 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 18.3 19.9 g/kg 82 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.3 5.8 g/kg 67 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 14 15.2 g/kg 71 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 29.9 32.5 g/kg 79 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 5.3 5.7 g/kg 59 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 6.5 7.1 g/kg 69 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 6.4 6.9 g/kg 70 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.7 7.3 g/kg 70 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.1 5.5 g/kg 67 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.7 3 g/kg 77 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2.1 g/kg 66 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.6 5.1 g/kg 72 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2 g/kg 71 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.1 5.5 g/kg 74 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.8 6.4 g/kg 72 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.8 9.6 g/kg 73 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.1 8.8 g/kg 75 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.4 4.8 g/kg 69 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.5 13.6 g/kg 73 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.4 5.8 g/kg 71 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 16.7 18.1 g/kg 75 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.7 6.2 g/kg 72 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 13.6 14.7 g/kg 69 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 28.6 31.1 g/kg 76 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 6 6.5 g/kg 67 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.7 7.2 g/kg 71 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 6.6 7.2 g/kg 73 % DE growing pig (MJ) 12.9 14.1 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 12.3 13.4 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 8.7 9.5 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 14 15.2 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 13.1 14.2 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 9.2 10 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 10.1 11 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 9.3 10.1 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11 11.9 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 11.3 12.3 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 10.5 11.4 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 13.7 14.9 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 903 982 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 884 961 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 49 54 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 92 100 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 2.1 2.2 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 0.8 0.9 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 72.9 79.3 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.32 3.61 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.83 1.99 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.73 1.88 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.84 2 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.24 1.35 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 28 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 31 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.4 6.9 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 170 184 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 5 6 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0.9 1 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -