Dry matter 91.2 100 % - 1.8 83.7 -97 415 2.7 Crude protein 32.3 35.4 % - 2.2 25.8 -41.7 504 2.3 27.5 -43.8 410 Crude fibre 8.8 9.7 % - 1.5 6 -15.7 419 1.6 6.9 -17.1 346 Crude fat 9.8 10.7 % - 2 5 -17.9 341 2.2 5.7 -20.1 326 Ash 5.7 6.3 % - 0.6 3.6 -8 390 0.7 4.2 -10.2 382 Insoluble ash 0.5 0.5 % - 0.6 0.08 -2 9 0.7 0.09 -2.2 9 NDF 21.6 23.7 % - 6.2 14.9 -40.5 44 6.8 16.9 -41.8 54 ADF 13.6 15 % - 1.5 8.7 -16.7 48 1.6 9.7 -18.5 52 Lignin 5.7 6.2 % - 0.8 2.8 -7.2 64 0.9 3.1 -8 66 Starch 6.6 7.2 % - 2.1 2.5 -11.2 62 2.3 1.8 -12.7 63 Total sugars 3.9 4.3 % - 0.4 3.2 -5.7 51 0.5 3.6 -6.6 52 Gross energy (kcal) 4550 4990 kcal/kg - 390 4180 -5160 17 410 4460 -5850 23 Calcium 3.9 4.3 g/kg - 0.8 1.4 -6.6 156 0.9 1.5 -7.2 157 Phosphorus 8.5 9.3 g/kg - 1.8 5.6 -16.8 160 1.9 6 -18.5 162 Phytate phosphorus 5.5 6.1 g/kg 65 % P 1 1 1 Magnesium 4.8 5.2 g/kg - 0.6 3.7 -5.6 12 0.6 3.9 -6.4 13 Potassium 10.3 11.3 g/kg - 1.6 6.9 -13.2 12 1.7 7.4 -15 12 Sodium 0.63 0.69 g/kg - 0.12 0.47 -0.83 16 0.13 0.5 -0.91 16 Chlorine 0.3 0.4 g/kg - 0.2 0.2 -0.5 5 0.2 0.2 -0.6 5 Sulfur 3.5 3.9 g/kg - 0.5 2.6 -4 7 0.5 2.8 -4.5 7 Dietary cation-anion difference 62 68 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 282 309 mEq/kg - Manganese 35 39 mg/kg - 5 31 -50 11 Zinc 60 66 mg/kg - 7 43 -71 10 8 46 -78 11 Copper 17 18 mg/kg - 2 12 -20 10 2 13 -22 10 Iron 149 164 mg/kg - 76 56 -167 9 83 60 -366 9 Selenium 0.6 0.7 mg/kg - 0.3 0 -0.7 7 0.3 0.1 -0.8 6 Cobalt 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - 0.1 0.2 -0.5 7 0.1 0.2 -0.6 7 Molybdenum 1 1 mg/kg - 0.4 0.9 -2 5 0.4 1 -2 5 Iodine 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - 0.2 0 -0.5 6 0.2 0.2 -0.6 5 Lysine 12.7 13.9 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 1.8 8.6 -15.5 24 1.9 9.1 -17 27 0.4 3-4.4 28 Threonine 12.4 13.6 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 1.4 9.4 -15.5 22 1.5 10 -17 25 0.2 3.4-4.4 26 Methionine 6.1 6.6 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N 0.7 3.7 -6.9 21 0.8 3.9 -7.5 24 0.2 1.4-2.4 25 Cystine 6 6.6 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N 0.8 4.3 -7 20 0.9 4.8 -8.9 23 0.3 1.3-2.3 24 Methionine + cystine 12.1 13.2 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 1 11.2 -13.3 11 1.1 12 -16 13 0.4 3.3-4.7 14 Tryptophan 4.9 5.4 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 0.6 4 -6 11 0.6 4.3 -6.5 12 0.1 1.3-1.8 13 Isoleucine 13.9 15.2 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 2 10.8 -16.9 21 2.2 11.6 -18.2 24 0.4 3.3-4.7 25 Valine 16.5 18 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N 2.4 12.5 -20 21 2.6 13.4 -22 23 0.5 4-5.7 24 Leucine 19.3 21.2 g/kg 6 g/16g N 2.4 14.5 -24.6 22 2.6 15.5 -27 25 0.3 5.1-6.9 26 Phenylalanine 15.7 17.2 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 2.1 11.8 -19.1 22 2.2 12.6 -21 25 0.3 4-5.4 26 Tyrosine 7.9 8.6 g/kg 2.4 g/16g N 1.4 5.6 -9.8 20 1.5 6.3 -10.6 23 0.4 1.8-3 24 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 23.6 25.9 g/kg 7.3 g/16g N 3.3 18.7 -28.6 12 3.6 20 -30.8 14 0.5 6.2-8.1 15 Histidine 8.6 9.4 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 1.6 5 -10.8 22 1.7 5.3 -12 25 0.3 1.9-3.5 26 Arginine 30.3 33.2 g/kg 9.4 g/16g N 4.6 23.4 -38.2 22 5 26.1 -42 25 1.2 6.8-11.6 26 Alanine 15.1 16.6 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 2 9.9 -19 21 2.2 10.5 -19.6 22 0.2 3.8-4.9 22 Aspartic acid 31.2 34.2 g/kg 9.7 g/16g N 4.4 20.7 -38.2 21 4.8 22 -42 23 0.9 6.7-10.8 23 Glutamic acid 64.9 71.1 g/kg 20.1 g/16g N 9.5 36.6 -76 21 10.3 39 -81.8 23 2 14.2-21.1 23 Glycine 19.1 21 g/kg 5.9 g/16g N 2.3 13.1 -23.5 21 2.4 14 -24.3 23 0.3 4.8-6.4 24 Serine 15.3 16.7 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 1.7 10.7 -18.3 22 1.8 11.4 -19 23 0.3 3.9-5 23 Proline 11.9 13.1 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 1.9 8.3 -16.8 13 2.1 8.8 -17.3 15 0.3 3.2-4.5 15 C14:0 myristic acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.03 % FA 0.05 0-0.1 8 C16:0 palmitic acid 4.9 5.4 g/kg 5.6 % FA 0.8 4.2-7.7 17 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.07 0.07 g/kg 0.08 % FA 0.06 0-0.2 10 C18:0 stearic acid 3.9 4.2 g/kg 4.4 % FA 1.4 2.5 -6.1 6 1.2 2.6-6.4 17 C18:1 oleic acid 17.6 19.3 g/kg 20.2 % FA 4.3 15.2 -26.3 6 2.4 15.8-24.8 17 C18:2 linoleic acid 12.9 14.1 g/kg 14.7 % FA 4.7 12.6 -23.4 5 2 10.2-17.8 17 C18:3 linolenic acid 47.1 51.6 g/kg 53.8 % FA 7.8 37.9 -59.3 6 3.5 47.8-59.9 17 Fatty acids 8.7 9.6 % 90 % fat 2 87-91 5 Vitamin E 8.2 9 mg/kg - DE growing pig (kcal) 3510 3840 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 3260 3570 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2210 2430 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3640 3990 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3340 3660 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2290 2510 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 77.1 % OM digestibility growing pig - 78.8 % N digestibility growing pig - 89.8 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 71 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 80 % OM digestibility adult pig - 81.8 % N digestibility adult pig - 92.2 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1 1.1 g/kg 12 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2480 2720 kcal/kg - 340 2070 -2990 7 370 2270 -3370 7 PDIA INRA 2007 139 152 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 230 253 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 177 194 g/kg - 25 162 -193 4 27 131 -203 8 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2760 3020 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 77.8 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 77.5 % 1 N digestibility ruminants - 76.6 % 1 N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 77.1 % Absorbable P ruminants 5.7 6.3 g/kg 67 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 55 % 9 50-74 8 Immediately degradable N (a) - 16 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 77 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.06 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 53 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 21 % Potentially degradable DM (b) - 60 % Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.07 h-1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.8 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.4 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.4 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.3 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 76.3 % 1 Energy digestibility horse - 73.4 % Horse Forage Unit 0.87 0.96 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 251 275 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3240 3550 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME rabbit (kcal) 2940 3220 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 71.3 % 1 N digestibility rabbit - 76.6 % 1 DE salmonids (kcal) 3040 3330 kcal/kg - 1 1 Energy digestibility, salmonids - 34 % 1 N digestibility salmonids - 70 % 1 Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 9.8 10.8 g/kg 78 % 1.2 6.8 -12.3 9 1.3 7.6 -12.7 10 5 69-85 10 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 9.6 10.5 g/kg 77 % 1.1 8.7 -12.6 9 1.2 9.6 -13 10 3 73-83 10 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 6 g/kg 91 % 0.6 4.3 -6.5 9 0.7 4.8 -6.7 10 4 83-96 10 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.7 5.2 g/kg 79 % 0.5 3.3 -5.1 9 0.5 3.7 -5.3 10 6 66-89 10 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 10.2 11.2 g/kg 85 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.6 g/kg 86 % 0.6 3.4 -5.4 9 0.7 3.7 -5.5 9 3 82-93 9 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 11.8 12.9 g/kg 85 % 1.6 9.3 -13.7 9 1.7 10 -14.3 10 3 79-90 10 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 13.8 15.1 g/kg 84 % 1.7 10.9 -16.3 8 1.8 12 -16.9 9 3 78-90 10 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 16.5 18.1 g/kg 86 % 1.9 15.7 -21.8 9 2 16.7 -22.5 10 3 79-90 10 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 13.7 15 g/kg 87 % 1.6 11.5 -16.9 9 1.7 12.7 -17.5 10 3 80-93 10 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 6.5 7.1 g/kg 83 % 1 4.7 -7.5 9 1 5 -8.1 10 4 77-90 10 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 20.2 22.1 g/kg 86 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 7.1 7.7 g/kg 82 % 1 6.2 -8.9 9 1 6.5 -9.2 10 5 75-88 10 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 27.8 30.5 g/kg 92 % 3.7 21.9 -35 9 4 23.9 -36.1 10 3 84-97 10 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 12.1 13.2 g/kg 80 % 1.8 10.8 -16.8 9 2 11.5 -17.3 9 4 76-88 9 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 25.5 27.9 g/kg 82 % 3.6 19.2 -31.9 9 3.9 20.6 -32.9 10 3 76-86 10 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 56.8 62.2 g/kg 88 % 6.9 43.6 -66.2 9 7.5 47.7 -68.4 10 3 81-92 10 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 14.3 15.7 g/kg 75 % 2.4 11.7 -20.1 9 2.6 12.6 -20.7 10 6 67-85 10 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 12.3 13.4 g/kg 80 % 1.4 10.2 -15.7 9 1.5 11.4 -16.2 10 3 76-86 10 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.5 11.5 g/kg 83 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.8 10.8 g/kg 79 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.3 5.9 g/kg 88 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4 4.4 g/kg 67 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.4 10.3 g/kg 78 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 3.9 4.3 g/kg 80 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.7 11.7 g/kg 77 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.8 14.1 g/kg 78 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.9 16.3 g/kg 77 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.3 13.4 g/kg 78 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.1 6.6 g/kg 77 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 18.3 20.1 g/kg 78 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.4 7 g/kg 74 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 22.4 24.6 g/kg 74 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.6 12.8 g/kg 77 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 23.1 25.3 g/kg 74 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 48 52.6 g/kg 74 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.5 15.9 g/kg 76 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.3 12.4 g/kg 74 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 9.2 10.1 g/kg 77 % Gross energy (MJ) 19 20.9 MJ/kg - 1.6 17.5 -21.6 17 1.7 18.6 -24.5 23 Absorbable Ca ruminants 2.1 2.3 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 61 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.07 1.17 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.04 1.14 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 104 113 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 151 165 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 115 126 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.04 1.14 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.01 1.11 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 119 130 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 164 180 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 100 109 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1830 2010 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1780 1950 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2830 3100 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 76.1 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 76.4 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 57 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.4 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.5 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.5 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 12 13.2 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.8 8.6 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.6 8.4 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 54 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.99 1.09 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.95 1.04 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 138 152 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 182 200 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 79 86 g/kg - Origin France, ex factory Phosphorus consumption 5.61 6.14 g P/kg - Origin France, ex factory Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 4.63 5.08 MJ/kg - Origin France, ex factory Climate change (ILCD) 568 622 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Acidification (ILCD) 0.0114 0.0125 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Eutrophication (CML baseline) 49.79 54.58 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0003 0.0004 m²yr/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.336 0.368 per kg - Water insoluble cell walls 20.8 22.8 % - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0 0-0 6 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C20:0 arachidic acid 0.1 0.2 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.1 0-0.3 13 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.08 0.09 g/kg 0.09 % FA 0.09 0-0.2 10 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0-0 4 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0-0 2 C22:0 behenic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.09 0-0.2 11 C22:1 erucic acid 0.04 0.05 g/kg 0.05 % FA 0.1 0-0.3 6 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0-0 3 C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0-0 3 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.05 0.05 g/kg 0.06 % FA 0.05 0-0.1 9 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.5 1.7 g/kg 18 % AMEn broiler (kcal) 2380 2610 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 2.1 2.3 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 2.1 2.3 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.99 1.09 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.95 1.04 per kg - Proline, ileal standardised, pig 8.6 9.4 g/kg 72 % 1 1 DE growing pig (MJ) 14.7 16.1 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 13.6 15 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 9.3 10.2 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 15.2 16.7 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 14 15.3 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 9.6 10.5 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 10.4 11.4 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 10 10.9 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11.5 12.7 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 13.6 14.9 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME rabbit (MJ) 12.3 13.5 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 12.7 13.9 MJ/kg - 1 1 VEM CVB 2018 993 1089 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1038 1138 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 162 178 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 99 108 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.8 4.2 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.6 1.7 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 76.9 84.3 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.67 4.02 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.99 2.18 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.88 2.06 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.07 2.27 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.44 1.58 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 43 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 50 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7 7.7 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 253 277 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 11 12 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 1.3 1.4 % - 1.2 0 -2 3 1.3 0 -2.7 5 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -