Dry matter 88 100 % - 1 84.6 -94.2 211 1.6 Crude protein 6.2 7.1 % - 2.2 2.7 -13.2 229 2.5 3 -15 219 Crude fibre 42.9 48.7 % - 5.4 28.3 -53.2 218 6.1 32.3 -60.5 208 Crude fat 0.9 1 % - 0.4 0.4 -1.7 10 0.5 0.5 -1.9 10 Ash 2.3 2.6 % - 0.5 1.6 -5.8 204 0.5 1.8 -6.7 194 NDF 72.8 82.7 % - 7.4 59 -79.4 9 8.4 66.4 -92.6 10 ADF 57 64.7 % - 7.4 46.1 -67.7 9 8.3 51.8 -75.2 10 Lignin 24.8 28.2 % - 2.3 22.3 -28.4 9 2.6 24.9 -33.3 10 Water insoluble cell walls 78.3 89 % - 1 1 Starch 2.6 3 % - 1.8 0.8 -6.7 16 2 0.9 -7.5 16 Total sugars 0.9 1 % - Gross energy (kcal) 4080 4630 kcal/kg - Calcium 1.9 2.2 g/kg - 0.7 0.6 -2.9 7 0.7 -3.2 4 Phosphorus 1.9 2.2 g/kg - 1.5 0.6 -5 7 Potassium 5.6 6.4 g/kg - 4.9 -6.4 3 5.5 -7.2 3 Sodium 0.2 0.23 g/kg - 0.1 -0.4 3 0.11 -0.47 3 Chlorine 0.7 0.8 g/kg - 0.6 -1 3 0.7 -1.1 3 Electrolyte balance 132 150 mEq/kg - Fatty acids 0.7 0.8 % 80 % fat DE growing pig (kcal) 1190 1350 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 1100 1250 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 520 590 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 1460 1660 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 1300 1480 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 630 710 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 29.2 % OM digestibility growing pig - 34.9 % N digestibility growing pig - 21.4 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 0 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 35.8 % OM digestibility adult pig - 41.1 % N digestibility adult pig - 46.9 % PDIA INRA 2007 12 14 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 32 37 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 45 51 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 1410 1600 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 43.1 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 45 % N digestibility ruminants - 36 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 45 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 53.1 % N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 60 % Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 25 % OM digestibility horse - 46.3 % Energy digestibility horse - 45 % Horse Forage Unit 0.57 0.65 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 9 10 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 830 950 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 800 910 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 20.5 % N digestibility rabbit - 40.7 % Gross energy (MJ) 17.1 19.4 MJ/kg - Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.1 1.2 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.49 0.55 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.38 0.44 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 10 11 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 49 56 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -33 -38 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.46 0.53 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.36 0.41 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 11 13 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 49 56 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -34 -38 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 820 930 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 630 720 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1410 1600 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 43.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 41.8 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 61 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 5.9 6.7 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 3.4 3.9 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 2.6 3 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 24 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.42 0.48 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.31 0.36 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 13 15 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 50 57 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -37 -42 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.531 0.603 per kg - C14:0 myristic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 3 % FA 2.7-3.2 2 Insoluble ash 0.3 0.4 % - Phytate phosphorus 1.8 2 g/kg 91 % P 89-92 2 Magnesium 3.8 4.3 g/kg - Manganese 52 59 mg/kg - Zinc 36 41 mg/kg - Copper 8 9 mg/kg - Iron 53 60 mg/kg - Lysine 3.9 4.5 g/kg 6.3 g/16g N 1 1 Threonine 3.4 3.8 g/kg 5.4 g/16g N 1 1 Methionine 1.8 2.1 g/kg 2.9 g/16g N 1 1 Cystine 0.3 0.4 g/kg 0.5 g/16g N 1 1 Methionine + cystine 2.1 2.4 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N Tryptophan 0.4 0.4 g/kg 0.6 g/16g N 1 Isoleucine 3.2 3.6 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N 1 1 Valine 4.1 4.7 g/kg 6.6 g/16g N 1 1 Leucine 5.2 5.9 g/kg 8.3 g/16g N 1 1 Phenylalanine 2.7 3.1 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1 1 Tyrosine 1.1 1.3 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 1 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 3.8 4.3 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N Histidine 2.4 2.8 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 1 1 Arginine 3.4 3.8 g/kg 5.4 g/16g N 1 1 Alanine 3.1 3.5 g/kg 5 g/16g N 1 1 Aspartic acid 6.7 7.6 g/kg 10.7 g/16g N 1 1 Glutamic acid 8.3 9.4 g/kg 13.3 g/16g N 1 1 Glycine 4.7 5.3 g/kg 7.5 g/16g N 1 1 Serine 3.6 4 g/kg 5.7 g/16g N 1 1 Proline 2.6 3 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 1 1 C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 1.7 % FA 1.6-1.7 2 C16:0 palmitic acid 0.8 0.9 g/kg 11.7 % FA 11.6-11.8 2 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.2 0.3 g/kg 3.4 % FA 3.4-3.4 2 C18:0 stearic acid 0.2 0.3 g/kg 3.4 % FA 2.5-4.2 2 C18:1 oleic acid 1.1 1.2 g/kg 15.2 % FA 14.6-15.8 2 C18:2 linoleic acid 1.2 1.4 g/kg 17 % FA 13-20.9 2 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 3.6 % FA 3.4-3.8 2 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 5.2 % FA 5-5.3 2 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0.4 0.5 g/kg 6 % FA 5.8-6.2 2 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0-0 2 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.6 0.7 g/kg 8.4 % FA 7-9.7 2 Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.6 0.7 g/kg 30 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.9 1 g/kg 45 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 470 540 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 460 530 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 0.5 0.6 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.5 0.6 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.45 0.52 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.35 0.4 per kg - Absorbable P ruminants 1.3 1.4 g/kg 65 % P Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.5 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.3 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.3 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE DE salmonids (kcal) 1990 2260 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 48.8 % N digestibility salmonids - 75.3 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 1.6 1.9 g/kg 42 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 1.6 1.8 g/kg 46 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.2 1.4 g/kg 66 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.1 0.1 g/kg 37 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 0.8 g/kg 61 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.2 0.2 g/kg 48 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2.2 g/kg 60 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 2.3 2.6 g/kg 55 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 3.2 3.6 g/kg 61 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2 g/kg 65 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 0.8 g/kg 60 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.6 g/kg 64 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.6 g/kg 57 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 2.5 2.8 g/kg 73 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 1.6 1.8 g/kg 50 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 3.8 4.3 g/kg 57 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 5.7 6.5 g/kg 69 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.8 g/kg 33 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2.1 g/kg 52 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.6 g/kg 53 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.6 g/kg 57 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 2 g/kg 53 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.2 1.4 g/kg 68 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.2 0.2 g/kg 57 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 0.9 g/kg 66 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.2 0.3 g/kg 58 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.3 g/kg 64 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.8 g/kg 60 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.1 3.6 g/kg 60 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 1.9 g/kg 64 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 0.7 g/kg 54 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 1.5 g/kg 61 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.4 1.6 g/kg 59 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 2.4 g/kg 64 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2.1 g/kg 60 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 3.9 4.4 g/kg 58 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 5.3 6.1 g/kg 64 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.8 g/kg 53 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 2.4 g/kg 59 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 1.8 g/kg 62 % DE growing pig (MJ) 5 5.7 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 4.6 5.2 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 2.2 2.5 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 6.1 6.9 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 5.5 6.2 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 2.6 3 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 2 2.2 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 1.9 2.2 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 5.9 6.7 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 3.5 4 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 3.4 3.8 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 8.3 9.5 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 454 516 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 382 435 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 10 11 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -18 -20 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 2.8 3.2 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.4 1.5 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 26 29.6 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 1.17 1.33 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.32 0.36 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 0.28 0.32 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.2 0.23 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0 0 Mcal/kg - EN Lactation ruminants GfE 3.2 3.7 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 80 91 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -3 -3 g/kg - Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.6 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.4 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.9 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.4 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Starch, enzymatic method 0.5 0.6 % - 1 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -