Dry matter 90 100 % - 2.7 84.1 -94 40 4.2 Crude protein 14.6 16.2 % - 3.4 4.2 -22.7 53 3.7 7.6 -25.5 92 Crude fibre 23.4 26 % - 3.1 17.2 -35.1 42 3.4 18.4 -35.2 82 Crude fat 3 3.4 % - 0.9 1.1 -4.7 20 1 1.2 -5.3 48 Ash 7.7 8.6 % - 1.8 4.2 -21.8 40 2 5.4 -13.5 77 Insoluble ash 2 2.2 % - 0.9 0.9 -3.5 5 1 1 -3.8 5 NDF 48.8 54.2 % - 5.6 42.8 -71.1 26 6.1 46 -73.5 67 ADF 27.6 30.7 % - 3.1 19.9 -37.8 36 3.3 23.1 -41.7 79 Lignin 3.3 3.7 % - 1.2 1.6 -7.9 34 1.3 1.8 -8.6 77 Starch 1.1 1.2 % - 0 -24 3 0 -2.4 3 Total sugars 9.1 10.1 % - 4.5 3.7 -17.9 7 5 4 -20.1 10 Gross energy (kcal) 4010 4460 kcal/kg - 200 3670 -4150 12 170 3820 -4600 32 Calcium 5.3 5.9 g/kg - 1.3 2 -10.5 42 1.4 2.2 -8.5 36 Phosphorus 2.8 3.1 g/kg - 0.5 1.3 -3.7 37 0.5 2 -4 31 Phytate phosphorus 0.1 0.2 g/kg 5 % P Magnesium 1.6 1.8 g/kg - 0.3 0.9 -2.1 39 0.3 1.3 -2.3 33 Potassium 20.7 23 g/kg - 6.5 7.8 -39.4 40 7.2 8.5 -42.3 31 Sodium 3.93 4.37 g/kg - 1.53 0.1 -7.77 40 1.7 1 -9 31 Chlorine 5.1 5.7 g/kg - 1.9 1.7 -10.5 25 Sulfur 1 1.1 g/kg - 0.4 0.9 -2.4 25 Dietary cation-anion difference 494 549 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 558 620 mEq/kg - Manganese 107 119 mg/kg - 17 27 -496 35 19 31 -125 26 Zinc 24 27 mg/kg - 7 14 -39 35 7 23 -52 26 Copper 6 6 mg/kg - 1 4 -9 35 1 6 -10 26 Iron 231 257 mg/kg - 154 46 -629 25 Selenium 0.07 0.07 mg/kg - 0.08 0 -0.3 30 Cobalt 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 0.4 0.02 -1 30 Molybdenum 1 1 mg/kg - 0.6 0.1 -2 25 Iodine 0.4 0.4 mg/kg - 0.5 0.09 -1 30 0.5 0.1 -1 5 Lysine 5.9 6.5 g/kg 4 g/16g N 2.5 3.7 -12.4 14 2.8 4 -13.9 13 0.8 3-5.7 14 Threonine 5.5 6.1 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 2.1 3.7 -10.7 14 2.3 4.1 -12 13 0.6 3.1-4.8 14 Methionine 2 2.3 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.7 1.5 -3.6 14 0.8 1.6 -4.1 13 0.2 1.2-1.7 14 Cystine 1.2 1.4 g/kg 0.9 g/16g N 0.5 0.9 -2.4 14 0.5 1 -2.8 13 0.2 0.6-1.1 14 Methionine + cystine 3.3 3.7 g/kg 2.3 g/16g N 1.2 2.4 -6.1 14 1.3 2.6 -6.8 13 0.3 2-2.8 14 Tryptophan 2 2.2 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.7 1.2 -2.6 6 0.8 1.3 -2.8 5 0.3 1-1.5 6 Isoleucine 5.8 6.4 g/kg 4 g/16g N 2.1 3.7 -10.2 14 2.3 4.1 -11.4 13 0.6 3.1-4.9 14 Valine 7.3 8.1 g/kg 5 g/16g N 2.8 4.5 -13 14 3.1 4.9 -14.6 13 0.9 3.7-6.2 14 Leucine 9.6 10.7 g/kg 6.6 g/16g N 4 6 -18.8 14 4.4 6.4 -21.1 13 1.3 4.8-8.6 14 Phenylalanine 6.3 7.1 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 2.6 3.7 -12.2 14 2.9 4.1 -13.7 13 0.9 3.1-5.8 14 Tyrosine 3.3 3.7 g/kg 2.3 g/16g N 1.6 1.8 -6.3 11 1.7 1.9 -6.9 11 0.6 1.5-3.5 11 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 9.7 10.8 g/kg 6.6 g/16g N 4 5.6 -18.3 11 4.4 6 -20.6 11 1.4 4.5-9 11 Histidine 3.2 3.5 g/kg 2.2 g/16g N 2.6 1.4 -9.3 14 2.9 1.5 -10.5 13 1.2 1.1-4.6 14 Arginine 5.9 6.6 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 2.3 3.6 -10.9 14 2.6 3.8 -12.2 13 0.8 2.9-5.7 14 Alanine 7.8 8.7 g/kg 5.4 g/16g N 3.3 5.2 -15.9 14 3.6 5.7 -17.9 13 1 4.3-7 14 Aspartic acid 13.7 15.2 g/kg 9.4 g/16g N 4.3 9.4 -23.3 14 4.8 10.3 -26.3 13 1.3 7.8-11.2 14 Glutamic acid 14.2 15.8 g/kg 9.7 g/16g N 5.6 10.6 -27.1 14 6.2 11.3 -30.5 13 2 6.7-13.2 14 Glycine 6.5 7.2 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 2.4 4.3 -12.3 14 2.7 4.7 -13.9 13 0.7 3.6-5.6 14 Serine 5.5 6.1 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 1.8 3.8 -9.5 14 2 4.2 -10.7 13 0.5 3.1-4.6 14 Proline 7.6 8.4 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N 1.6 5.4 -11.3 6 0.6 4-5.9 6 C12:0 lauric acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.2 % FA 1 C14:0 myristic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 2 % FA 1 C16:0 palmitic acid 3.5 3.9 g/kg 23.5 % FA 1 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 2 % FA 1 C18:0 stearic acid 0.6 0.7 g/kg 4.3 % FA 1 C18:1 oleic acid 0.9 1 g/kg 6 % FA 1 C18:2 linoleic acid 2.8 3.1 g/kg 18.6 % FA 1 C18:3 linolenic acid 6.2 6.8 g/kg 40.8 % FA 1 Fatty acids 1.5 1.7 % 50 % fat Vitamin E 110 122 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 4.7 5.3 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 9.9 11 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 8.9 9.9 mg/kg - Niacin 77.1 85.7 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 17.8 19.8 mg/kg - Biotin 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - Choline 1453 1615 mg/kg - DE growing pig (kcal) 1520 1690 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (kcal) 1410 1570 kcal/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (kcal) 840 930 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 1860 2070 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 1690 1880 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1010 1120 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 38 % 1 OM digestibility growing pig - 42.9 % N digestibility growing pig - 45.5 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 28.8 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 46.4 % OM digestibility adult pig - 51.1 % N digestibility adult pig - 59.3 % PDIA INRA 2007 52 58 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 99 110 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 99 110 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2240 2490 kcal/kg - 200 1690 -2660 10 210 1840 -3080 42 Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 69.7 % 5 50.7-78.3 42 OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 72.9 % 2.8 71.2-82.6 32 N digestibility ruminants - 71.3 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 80 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 66.7 % Absorbable P ruminants 2.1 2.3 g/kg 73 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 60 % Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 50 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.7 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.8 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.1 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.6 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 60.9 % Energy digestibility horse - 56.7 % Horse Forage Unit 0.59 0.66 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 85 94 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 1960 2180 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 1840 2050 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 48.9 % N digestibility rabbit - 65.8 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 2.8 3.1 g/kg 47 % 43-52 2 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 2.8 3.1 g/kg 51 % 42-59 2 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.3 1.4 g/kg 63 % 63-64 2 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.1 0.1 g/kg 8 % 6-9 2 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.5 g/kg 42 % 42-44 2 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.1 g/kg 50 % 46-55 2 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 3.4 3.8 g/kg 59 % 54-64 2 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 3.7 4.1 g/kg 51 % 47-55 2 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 5.9 6.6 g/kg 61 % 56-66 2 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 3.8 4.3 g/kg 61 % 56-65 2 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.9 g/kg 51 % 48-55 2 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 6.2 g/kg 57 % 54-62 2 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.9 g/kg 54 % 42-65 2 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 3.9 g/kg 60 % 53-67 2 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.7 g/kg 54 % 49-59 2 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 8.8 9.8 g/kg 64 % 59-69 2 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 8.3 9.2 g/kg 58 % 55-62 2 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 2.9 g/kg 40 % 31-49 2 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 2.9 g/kg 47 % 42-51 2 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.7 3 g/kg 46 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.4 2.7 g/kg 44 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.1 g/kg 47 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.6 g/kg 42 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.5 1.7 g/kg 46 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.9 1 g/kg 43 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.6 2.9 g/kg 45 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.3 3.7 g/kg 45 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 4.8 g/kg 44 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.8 3.1 g/kg 44 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.5 1.6 g/kg 44 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 4.8 g/kg 44 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.4 1.6 g/kg 44 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.6 2.9 g/kg 43 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.6 4 g/kg 46 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 6.1 6.8 g/kg 44 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 6.4 7.2 g/kg 45 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 3 3.3 g/kg 46 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.7 g/kg 44 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 3.4 3.8 g/kg 45 % Gross energy (MJ) 16.8 18.7 MJ/kg - 0.8 15.4 -17.4 12 0.7 16 -19.3 32 Absorbable Ca ruminants 2.1 2.4 g/kg 40 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 78 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.85 0.94 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.81 0.9 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 41 46 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 90 100 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 6 6 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.83 0.92 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.78 0.87 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 46 51 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 93 103 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 2 2 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1460 1620 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1380 1530 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2300 2550 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 71.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 68.4 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 61 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.7 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.9 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.7 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9.6 10.7 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.1 6.8 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 5.8 6.4 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 48 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.79 0.88 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.74 0.82 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 53 59 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 100 111 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -6 -7 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.356 0.396 per kg - Water insoluble cell walls 48 53.4 % - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:0 behenic acid 0.08 0.08 g/kg 0.5 % FA 1 1 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.06 0.07 g/kg 0.4 % FA 1 Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.8 0.9 g/kg 30 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.3 1.4 g/kg 45 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1230 1370 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 1200 1330 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 0.7 0.8 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.7 0.8 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.79 0.88 per kg - 0.08 0.52 -0.84 10 0.09 0.57 -0.97 26 UFV INRA 2007 0.74 0.82 per kg - 0.09 0.43 -0.79 10 0.1 0.47 -0.92 26 DE salmonids (kcal) 2190 2430 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 54.6 % N digestibility salmonids - 83.3 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 5 5.6 g/kg 66 % DE growing pig (MJ) 6.4 7.1 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (MJ) 5.9 6.6 MJ/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (MJ) 3.5 3.9 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 7.8 8.7 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 7.1 7.9 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 4.2 4.7 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 5.2 5.7 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 5 5.6 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 9.4 10.4 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 8.2 9.1 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 7.7 8.6 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 9.2 10.2 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 791 880 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 805 895 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 80 89 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 6 6 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 4.1 4.5 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.4 1.6 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 55.6 61.8 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 2.53 2.81 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.2 1.33 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.12 1.25 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.29 1.44 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.76 0.85 Mcal/kg - EN Lactation ruminants GfE 5.6 6.2 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 146 163 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -0.07 -0.08 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 1.9 2.1 % - 1.4 -2.5 3 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -