Dry matter 88.1 100 % - 3.5 77.1 -94.6 380 5.6 Crude protein 33.5 38 % - 3.4 24.8 -46.1 321 3.6 23.8 -51.1 326 Crude fibre 11.6 13.2 % - 1.7 7.1 -18.2 259 1.9 8.2 -20 246 Crude fat 8.5 9.6 % - 1.6 3.7 -11.9 173 1.7 4.2 -14.3 143 Ash 3.5 4 % - 0.4 2.2 -6.2 247 0.5 2.4 -6.8 247 Insoluble ash 0.06 0.07 % - 0.05 0.01 -0.1 5 0.06 0.01 -0.1 5 NDF 18.9 21.5 % - 2.6 14.5 -27.4 82 2.8 16.4 -30.5 94 ADF 14.1 16 % - 2.1 8.8 -21.1 70 2.3 9.6 -23.3 82 Lignin 0.9 1 % - 1 0.3 -4.4 35 1.1 0.3 -4.9 44 Water insoluble cell walls 29.9 33.9 % - 2.3 27.2 -38.4 41 2.2 30.1 -39.8 40 Starch 6.2 7 % - 2.8 0 -14.6 127 3.1 0 -14 111 Total sugars 6 6.8 % - 1.1 3.6 -8.3 23 1.2 4.1 -10.4 25 Gross energy (kcal) 4460 5060 kcal/kg - 180 4270 -4700 23 60 4870 -5130 29 Calcium 2.7 3 g/kg - 1.2 0.9 -6 44 1.3 1 -6.8 35 Phosphorus 3.8 4.4 g/kg - 0.6 2.7 -5.1 51 0.7 3.1 -5.7 44 Phytate phosphorus 2.3 2.6 g/kg 60 % P 1 1 1 Magnesium 1.4 1.6 g/kg - 0.2 1.2 -1.8 16 0.2 1.3 -2 15 Potassium 9.8 11.1 g/kg - 1.6 7.7 -12.7 17 1.8 8.4 -14.9 16 Sodium 0.3 0.34 g/kg - 0.14 0.13 -0.55 13 0.16 0.16 -0.6 12 Chlorine 0.5 0.5 g/kg - 0.4 -0.5 3 0.5 -0.5 3 Sulfur 2.5 2.8 g/kg - 2.3 -2.5 2 Dietary cation-anion difference 97 110 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 251 285 mEq/kg - Manganese 1124 1275 mg/kg - 1074 17 -3750 13 1218 19 -4135 12 Zinc 33 38 mg/kg - 6 23 -43 8 7 26 -48 7 Copper 6 6 mg/kg - 0.7 5 -12 7 0.8 5 -7 6 Iron 63 72 mg/kg - 29 32 -115 11 33 34 -126 10 Selenium 0.07 0.09 mg/kg - 0.07 -0.1 2 0.08 -0.1 2 Cobalt 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 1 1 Molybdenum 1 1 mg/kg - 1 1 Lysine 16.3 18.5 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 1.9 12.5 -18.5 38 2 13.3 -23 63 0.4 3.9-5.7 63 Threonine 12.4 14.1 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 1.3 9.8 -14.1 27 1.4 10.3 -17 54 0.4 3-4.5 54 Methionine 2.6 3 g/kg 0.8 g/16g N 0.4 1.3 -3.4 32 0.5 1.5 -3.9 58 0.2 0.4-1.2 58 Cystine 5.5 6.3 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 0.7 3.1 -7.1 27 0.8 3.6 -8.7 52 0.3 1-2.3 52 Methionine + cystine 8.1 9.2 g/kg 2.4 g/16g N 0.8 5.3 -9.1 24 0.9 6.2 -11.4 49 0.4 1.7-3.3 49 Tryptophan 2.3 2.6 g/kg 0.7 g/16g N 0.3 1.7 -3.2 14 0.4 1.9 -3.6 39 0.1 0.5-1 39 Isoleucine 15.5 17.6 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 2.6 10.3 -17.3 23 2.9 11.2 -22.5 50 0.5 3.1-5 50 Valine 14.4 16.4 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 2 9.7 -16.1 24 2.2 10.7 -20.4 50 0.4 3.2-5 50 Leucine 24.3 27.6 g/kg 7.3 g/16g N 3.2 17.9 -27.4 24 3.4 18.5 -34.2 51 0.5 5.7-8.2 51 Phenylalanine 13 14.8 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 1.8 11 -14.3 22 2 9.9 -18.8 49 0.3 3.1-4.7 49 Tyrosine 15.6 17.7 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 2.9 9.3 -19 18 3.2 10.1 -23.3 45 0.5 2.9-5 45 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 28.6 32.5 g/kg 8.6 g/16g N 4.7 21.4 -33.2 18 5.1 19.9 -42 45 0.6 6.6-9.3 45 Histidine 7.3 8.3 g/kg 2.2 g/16g N 1.1 6.1 -11.8 23 1.2 5.8 -13.2 50 0.3 1.9-3.5 50 Arginine 36 40.9 g/kg 10.8 g/16g N 8.1 26.1 -41.5 23 9 18.6 -59.4 50 1.3 7.7-12.5 50 Alanine 11.3 12.8 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N 1.3 9.2 -13.9 19 1.4 9.9 -15.6 46 0.3 2.6-4.2 46 Aspartic acid 35.6 40.4 g/kg 10.6 g/16g N 5.5 26.7 -38.7 20 6.1 24.6 -52.3 47 0.6 8.4-11.5 47 Glutamic acid 69.4 78.7 g/kg 20.7 g/16g N 12.1 54.7 -83.5 20 13.4 44.7 -103 47 1.7 17.1-24.2 47 Glycine 13.3 15 g/kg 4 g/16g N 1.6 9.9 -14.8 20 1.8 10.7 -18.7 47 0.3 3.2-4.6 47 Serine 17.9 20.3 g/kg 5.3 g/16g N 2.9 12.8 -19.9 17 3.2 12.9 -25.4 44 0.5 4-6.1 44 Proline 14.1 16 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 2.4 9.8 -15.1 18 2.6 10.2 -20.4 45 0.4 3.1-4.5 45 C14:0 myristic acid 0.08 0.09 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.08 0-0.2 14 C16:0 palmitic acid 5.6 6.4 g/kg 7.4 % FA 0.6 5.3 -6.8 5 0.7 6 -7.5 5 1.2 5.5-9.3 19 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.2 0-1 32 C18:0 stearic acid 1.5 1.8 g/kg 2 % FA 0.6 0.5 -1.8 5 0.7 0.6 -2 5 0.6 0.6-3.6 37 C18:1 oleic acid 37.5 42.5 g/kg 49.1 % FA 4.5 40.8-58.8 37 C18:2 linoleic acid 11.2 12.7 g/kg 14.7 % FA 4.3 7.8-22.6 37 C18:3 linolenic acid 6.3 7.2 g/kg 8.3 % FA 1.2 6.2 -9.2 5 1.3 7 -10 5 1.8 5.3-11.4 37 C20:0 arachidic acid 1 1.1 g/kg 1.3 % FA 0.3 0.6-2 32 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 3.7 4.2 g/kg 4.8 % FA 3.6 -4.5 4 4 -5 4 1.3 2.2-6.9 36 C22:0 behenic acid 3.4 3.9 g/kg 4.5 % FA 1.4 1.7-7.2 32 C22:1 erucic acid 1.5 1.7 g/kg 1.9 % FA 0.9 -1.8 4 1 -2 4 0.9 0.6-4.8 36 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.5 0.5 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.6 0-1.6 14 Fatty acids 7.6 8.7 % 90 % fat Vitamin E 7.4 8.4 mg/kg - Biotin 0.05 0.06 mg/kg - Phytase activity 140 160 IU/kg - 1 1 DE growing pig (kcal) 3590 4070 kcal/kg - 250 3380 -3900 5 240 3740 -4330 5 ME growing pig (kcal) 3350 3800 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2210 2500 kcal/kg - 1 1 DE adult pig (kcal) 3810 4320 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3510 3980 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2340 2660 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 80.5 % 4 74.2-84.5 5 OM digestibility growing pig - 82.1 % N digestibility growing pig - 83.2 % 80-88.6 4 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 82 % 1 Crude fat digestibility pig - 70.3 % 69.5-78.5 2 Energy digestibility adult pig - 85.4 % OM digestibility adult pig - 87.2 % N digestibility adult pig - 87.1 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.9 2.2 g/kg 50 % AMEn cockerel, pelleted (kcal) 2400 2720 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler, pelleted (kcal) 2340 2660 kcal/kg - Available P broiler 0.9 1 g/kg 24 % P PDIA INRA 2007 59 67 g/kg - 43 13 -161 12 PDIN INRA 2007 213 242 g/kg - 25 199 -291 12 PDIE INRA 2007 116 132 g/kg - 40 81 -219 12 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 3130 3550 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 90.9 % 1 OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 89.9 % 1 N digestibility ruminants - 79.9 % 1 N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 89 % 63.2-99.5 4 Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 76.8 % Absorbable P ruminants 2.8 3.2 g/kg 73 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 82 % 13 61-95 17 Immediately degradable N (a) - 49 % 27 18-88 11 Potentially degradable N (b) - 50 % 28 10-82 11 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.119 h-1 0.057 0.059-0.221 11 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 75 % 9 63-83 5 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 33 % 14 14-51 5 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 64 % 15 45-83 5 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.111 h-1 0.047 0.058-0.16 5 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.7 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.5 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.2 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 83.2 % Energy digestibility horse - 80 % Horse Forage Unit 0.96 1.09 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 259 293 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3170 3600 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 2790 3160 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 71.1 % N digestibility rabbit - 96 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 13.4 15.2 g/kg 82 % 1 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 9.7 11 g/kg 78 % 1 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 2 2.3 g/kg 76 % 1 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.7 g/kg 76 % 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 6.2 7 g/kg 76 % 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 13.4 15.2 g/kg 87 % 1 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 10.7 12.1 g/kg 74 % 1 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 20.8 23.6 g/kg 86 % 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 11.2 12.7 g/kg 86 % 1 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 13.9 15.8 g/kg 89 % 1 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 25.1 28.5 g/kg 88 % 1 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 6.2 7.1 g/kg 86 % 1 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 33.3 37.8 g/kg 93 % 1 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 8.3 9.4 g/kg 73 % 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 30.5 34.6 g/kg 86 % 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 62.3 70.7 g/kg 90 % 1 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 9.7 11.1 g/kg 74 % 1 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 14.9 16.9 g/kg 83 % 1 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 11.9 13.5 g/kg 84 % 1 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.2 16.1 g/kg 87 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.1 11.4 g/kg 81 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.4 g/kg 82 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 5.1 g/kg 81 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.6 7.5 g/kg 81 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2.2 g/kg 82 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 13 14.8 g/kg 84 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.8 13.4 g/kg 82 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 20.7 23.4 g/kg 85 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.1 12.6 g/kg 85 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.9 14.7 g/kg 83 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 24 27.2 g/kg 84 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.9 6.7 g/kg 81 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 32.4 36.8 g/kg 90 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.4 10.7 g/kg 83 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 29.2 33.1 g/kg 82 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 61.7 70.1 g/kg 89 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.7 12.2 g/kg 81 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.7 16.6 g/kg 82 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 11.1 12.7 g/kg 79 % Gross energy (MJ) 18.7 21.2 MJ/kg - 0.8 17.9 -19.7 23 0.3 20.4 -21.5 29 Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.5 1.7 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 88 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.29 1.46 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.32 1.5 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 49 56 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 103 117 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 183 207 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.26 1.43 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.29 1.47 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 60 68 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 112 127 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 173 197 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2220 2520 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2280 2580 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3290 3730 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 88.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 89.5 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 80 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.6 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.4 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.3 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.4 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 13.7 15.6 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9.3 10.5 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9.5 10.8 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 75 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.22 1.38 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.23 1.4 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 76 87 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 127 144 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 157 178 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.166 0.188 per kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.01 % FA 0.04 0-0.1 7 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0 -0 4 0 -0 4 0-0 4 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (with phytase) 2.9 3.3 g/kg 75 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2390 2710 kcal/kg - 1 AMEn broiler (kcal) 2330 2650 kcal/kg - 1350 -2890 4 1510 -3250 4 Available P cockerel 0.9 1 g/kg 24 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.17 1.33 per kg - 1 1 UFV INRA 2007 1.17 1.33 per kg - 1 1 DE salmonids (kcal) 3010 3410 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 67.5 % N digestibility salmonids - 86.8 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2.1 g/kg 78 % DE growing pig (MJ) 15 17.1 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 14 15.9 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 9.2 10.5 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 15.9 18.1 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 14.7 16.7 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 9.8 11.1 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 10 11.4 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 9.8 11.1 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 13.1 14.9 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 13.3 15.1 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 11.7 13.2 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 12.6 14.3 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1170 1328 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1279 1452 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 110 125 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 177 201 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 4.9 5.6 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.5 1.7 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 79.5 90.2 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.79 4.3 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.08 2.36 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.97 2.23 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.17 2.46 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.53 1.73 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 16 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 20 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 8.3 9.4 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 202 229 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 21 24 g/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex field Phosphorus consumption 4.55 5.16 g P/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency Phosphorus consumption 4.55 5.16 g P/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex field Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 2.61 2.96 MJ/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 2.79 3.17 MJ/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex field Climate change (ILCD) 275 312 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency Climate change (ILCD) 284 322 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex field Acidification (ILCD) 0.0037 0.0042 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency Acidification (ILCD) 0.0038 0.0043 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex field Eutrophication (CML baseline) 15.9 18.04 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency Eutrophication (CML baseline) 16.15 18.33 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex field Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0009 0.001 m²yr/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0009 0.001 m²yr/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0.6 0.7 % - 1.2 0 -4.3 11 1.4 0 -4.8 14 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -