Dry matter 93.1 100 % - 2.2 83.2 -97.8 92 3.3 Crude protein 42 45.1 % - 5.4 25.7 -51.7 101 5.7 28.3 -54.5 105 Crude fibre 7.1 7.7 % - 2.9 3.6 -21.6 77 3.1 3.9 -23.5 80 Crude fat 11.1 11.9 % - 3.5 5.1 -20.2 66 3.7 5.5 -22 69 Ash 11.1 11.9 % - 2.2 6.4 -15.9 48 2.4 6.6 -17.5 53 Insoluble ash 2.2 2.4 % - 1.5 0.4 -4.2 11 1.6 0.4 -4.4 12 NDF 20.8 22.4 % - 3.6 17.9 -28.1 9 3.9 18.8 -29 9 ADF 9.4 10.1 % - 1.3 7.3 -10.9 8 1.4 7.7 -11.5 8 Lignin 1.8 1.9 % - 0.3 1.4 -2.5 13 0.3 1.5 -2.4 12 Starch 2 2.1 % - 1.3 0.5 -4.3 9 1.3 0.6 -4.5 9 Total sugars 3.4 3.6 % - 0.8 2.4 -5.1 11 0.9 2.5 -5.3 11 Gross energy (kcal) 4620 4970 kcal/kg - 260 4180 -5110 10 250 4470 -5250 12 Calcium 18.6 19.9 g/kg - 5.8 10.7 -33.3 19 6.2 3.6 -36.6 23 Phosphorus 11.5 12.3 g/kg - 3 8 -15.6 15 3.2 8.6 -23.3 20 Phytate phosphorus 8.6 9.2 g/kg 75 % P 1 1 Magnesium 5.5 5.9 g/kg - 0.6 5.5 -6.2 10 0.7 4.1 -6.6 12 Potassium 9.6 10.4 g/kg - 0.6 9.2 -10.7 11 0.6 9.7 -11.4 13 Sodium 0.06 0.07 g/kg - 0 -0.1 3 0 -0.1 3 Chlorine 0.9 1 g/kg - 0.06 0.8 -1 6 0.06 0.8 -1 6 Sulfur 4.8 5.2 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference -78 -83 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 224 241 mEq/kg - Manganese 63 68 mg/kg - Zinc 124 133 mg/kg - 8 114 -136 6 Copper 34 37 mg/kg - Iron 1519 1632 mg/kg - 639 1399 -1958 5 686 305 -2055 6 Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 0.04 0.2 -0.3 5 0.04 0.2 -0.3 5 Cobalt 0.7 0.8 mg/kg - 0.2 0.4 -1 5 0.2 0.4 -1 5 Molybdenum 2 2 mg/kg - 0.07 2 -2 5 0.05 2 -2 6 Iodine 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 0.04 0.1 -0.2 5 0.04 0.1 -0.2 5 Lysine 9.8 10.6 g/kg 2.3 g/16g N 2.2 6.6 -17.6 14 2.3 7.2 -18.1 16 0.6 2.1-4.8 17 Threonine 12.4 13.3 g/kg 3 g/16g N Methionine 10.8 11.6 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N 1.3 8.1 -13.6 10 1.4 8.7 -14.2 12 0.2 2.3-3.1 13 Cystine 7.5 8 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 1.3 8 -12 9 Methionine + cystine 18.3 19.7 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N Tryptophan 4.6 5 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N 1 1 Isoleucine 14 15 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 1.5 13.9 -18.7 8 1.6 14.5 -19.7 10 Valine 18 19.3 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1.9 17.5 -23.2 8 2 18.2 -24.3 10 0.3 4-5 11 Leucine 26.1 28 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N 2.3 24 -31.5 8 2.4 25 -33.2 10 0.3 6.1-7.5 11 Phenylalanine 17.8 19.1 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 1.4 17.1 -21.5 8 1.5 17.8 -22.6 10 Tyrosine 12.9 13.9 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N 1.4 12.2 -16.7 7 1.4 13 -17.5 8 0.3 3-3.9 9 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 30.7 33 g/kg 7.3 g/16g N 2.5 30.7 -37.8 6 2.5 32.9 -39.6 7 Histidine 9.4 10.1 g/kg 2.2 g/16g N 1.8 9.3 -14.2 7 1.9 9.7 -14.9 9 Arginine 43.1 46.3 g/kg 10.3 g/16g N 6.7 45.4 -68.3 10 Alanine 18.3 19.7 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 1.8 17.8 -23.4 8 1.8 18.5 -25 10 0.2 4.3-5.1 10 Aspartic acid 30.2 32.5 g/kg 7.2 g/16g N Glutamic acid 71.9 77.2 g/kg 17.1 g/16g N 5.7 71.4 -90.6 8 5.8 74.4 -95.3 10 1.1 16.3-19.9 10 Glycine 19.2 20.7 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 0.3 4.5-5.3 10 Serine 15.3 16.4 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N Proline 13.6 14.7 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 1 13.5 -16.5 6 1.1 14.5 -17.3 8 0.2 3.1-3.9 8 C14:0 myristic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.1 % FA C16:0 palmitic acid 8.5 9.2 g/kg 8.8 % FA 0.6 7.9 -9.5 5 0.7 8.3 -10 5 0.1 8.8-9.2 5 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.1 % FA 1 C18:0 stearic acid 4.8 5.1 g/kg 4.9 % FA C18:1 oleic acid 37.7 40.5 g/kg 38.9 % FA 2.7 34.7 -41.8 5 2.8 36.4 -44 5 0.5 38.6-39.8 5 C18:2 linoleic acid 42.4 45.5 g/kg 43.7 % FA 3.2 40.7 -48.3 5 3.2 42.7 -50.9 5 2.5 38.6-45.2 6 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 0.4 % FA Fatty acids 9.7 10.4 % 88 % fat 2 86-90 5 Vitamin E 3.1 3.4 mg/kg - 1 DE growing pig (kcal) 3580 3840 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (kcal) 3290 3540 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2200 2370 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3700 3980 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3380 3630 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2280 2450 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 77.4 % 1 OM digestibility growing pig - 78.6 % N digestibility growing pig - 88.2 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 72.4 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 80.1 % OM digestibility adult pig - 81.7 % N digestibility adult pig - 90 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 3.3 3.6 g/kg 29 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2540 2730 kcal/kg - 360 2530 -3340 6 380 2670 -3640 6 AMEn broiler (kcal) 2430 2610 kcal/kg - 230 2430 -2580 2 240 2210 -2820 5 PDIA INRA 2007 126 135 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 293 315 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 172 185 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 3070 3300 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 88.1 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 88 % 1 N digestibility ruminants - 79.6 % 1 N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 97 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 77.2 % Absorbable P ruminants 7.8 8.4 g/kg 68 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 72 % 1 Immediately degradable N (a) - 34 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 61 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.1 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 65 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.4 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.1 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.3 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 81.1 % Energy digestibility horse - 78 % Horse Forage Unit 0.9 0.97 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 340 365 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3480 3730 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME rabbit (kcal) 3070 3300 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 75.2 % 1 N digestibility rabbit - 79.7 % 1 Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 8.5 9.1 g/kg 86 % 1 1 1 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 11.1 11.9 g/kg 89 % 1 1 1 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 10.1 10.9 g/kg 94 % 1 1 1 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 7 7.5 g/kg 94 % 1 1 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 17.1 18.4 g/kg 94 % 1 1 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 12.8 13.7 g/kg 91 % 1 1 1 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 16.2 17.4 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 24 25.8 g/kg 92 % 1 1 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 16.7 18 g/kg 94 % 1 1 1 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 11.8 12.7 g/kg 91 % 1 1 1 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 28.6 30.7 g/kg 93 % 1 1 1 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 8.6 9.3 g/kg 92 % 1 1 1 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 41.3 44.4 g/kg 96 % 1 1 1 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 16.4 17.6 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 27.2 29.3 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 66.6 71.6 g/kg 93 % 1 1 1 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 15.9 17 g/kg 83 % 1 1 1 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 13.6 14.6 g/kg 89 % 1 1 1 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 12.5 13.4 g/kg 92 % 1 1 1 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.9 8.4 g/kg 80 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.6 10.3 g/kg 77 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.5 10.2 g/kg 88 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.2 5.5 g/kg 69 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.7 15.8 g/kg 80 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 3.9 4.2 g/kg 85 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.3 13.2 g/kg 88 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 15.7 16.8 g/kg 87 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 22.9 24.6 g/kg 88 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 16.2 17.4 g/kg 91 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.4 12.2 g/kg 88 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 27.6 29.6 g/kg 90 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.1 7.6 g/kg 76 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 36.6 39.3 g/kg 85 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 15.4 16.5 g/kg 84 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 24.2 26 g/kg 80 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 59.7 64.1 g/kg 83 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.8 14.9 g/kg 72 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.1 13 g/kg 79 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 11.2 12 g/kg 82 % Gross energy (MJ) 19.4 20.8 MJ/kg - 1.1 17.5 -21.4 10 1 18.7 -22 12 Absorbable Ca ruminants 10.2 11 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.26 1.35 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.28 1.37 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 98 105 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 149 160 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 226 243 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.24 1.33 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.25 1.34 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 115 124 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 164 176 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 212 227 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2170 2330 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2190 2360 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3250 3490 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 86.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 86.7 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 72 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.4 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.8 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.4 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.3 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.5 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.3 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 13.7 14.7 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9.1 9.8 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9.2 9.9 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 62 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.18 1.27 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.18 1.27 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 140 150 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 187 201 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 188 202 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.252 0.271 per kg - Water insoluble cell walls 20 21.5 % - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 0.3 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.1 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.1 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (with phytase) 5 5.3 g/kg 43 % Available P cockerel 2.9 3.1 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 2.9 3.1 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.13 1.22 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.11 1.2 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 3330 3580 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 72.1 % N digestibility salmonids - 87.2 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 3.3 3.5 g/kg 71 % DE growing pig (MJ) 15 16.1 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (MJ) 13.8 14.8 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 9.2 9.9 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 15.5 16.6 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 14.2 15.2 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 9.5 10.2 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 10.6 11.4 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 10.2 10.9 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 12.9 13.8 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 14.5 15.6 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME rabbit (MJ) 12.9 13.8 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 14 15 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1133 1217 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1219 1309 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 160 172 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 217 233 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.5 3.8 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.7 1.8 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 78 83.8 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.83 4.12 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.1 2.25 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.99 2.13 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.18 2.34 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.52 1.63 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 26 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 31 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 8 8.6 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 250 268 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 27 29 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0.5 0.5 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -