Dry matter 91.6 100 % - 2 83.1 -98 272 3.1 Crude protein 20.5 22.4 % - 1.8 10.1 -25.6 273 1.8 10.9 -27.4 295 Crude fibre 12.9 14.1 % - 2.6 7.3 -22.7 268 2.8 5.2 -23.2 279 Crude fat 9.3 10.1 % - 3 4.6 -19.2 172 3.3 5.2 -21.6 181 Ash 6.2 6.8 % - 0.8 3.1 -8.6 234 0.8 3.3 -11.9 258 Insoluble ash 0.4 0.4 % - 0.3 0.02 -0.8 17 0.4 0.02 -1.5 21 NDF 49.3 53.8 % - 5.8 41.4 -62 22 6.2 35.9 -67.3 40 ADF 25.5 27.8 % - 4.1 21.5 -39.4 18 4.5 23.2 -42.7 30 Lignin 5.9 6.4 % - 2.1 3.3 -12.5 109 2.3 2.8 -13.7 121 Water insoluble cell walls 39.8 43.4 % - 8.7 41.8 -63.6 5 Starch 0.3 0.4 % - 0.6 0 -1.4 5 0.7 0 -1.5 5 Total sugars 10.1 11.1 % - 1.9 7.2 -14.3 10 2.1 7.8 -15.8 11 Gross energy (kcal) 4420 4830 kcal/kg - 400 3940 -5130 19 420 4320 -5810 24 Calcium 1.2 1.3 g/kg - 0.7 0.4 -2.5 51 0.8 0.4 -4.5 57 Phosphorus 5.2 5.7 g/kg - 0.9 2.5 -6.7 53 1 2.7 -8.9 60 Phytate phosphorus 2.6 2.9 g/kg 50 % P 2.6 -3.3 2 45-56 2 Magnesium 2.8 3 g/kg - 0.4 1.8 -3.7 26 0.4 2 -4 28 Potassium 18 19.7 g/kg - 4 2.2 -22.5 27 4.3 2.4 -24.4 27 Sodium 0.4 0.44 g/kg - 0.27 0.06 -0.7 6 0.3 0.06 -0.77 6 Chlorine 6.2 6.7 g/kg - 6.7 -6.8 2 Sulfur 2.7 3 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 135 148 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 305 333 mEq/kg - Manganese 72 79 mg/kg - 33 37 -117 8 36 43 -128 8 Zinc 69 75 mg/kg - 47 41 -93 8 51 45 -214 10 Copper 30 33 mg/kg - 4 27 -40 9 5 26 -44 11 Iron 919 1004 mg/kg - 1039 553 -2793 3 1134 63 -2964 5 Cobalt 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 0.08 -0.3 3 0.09 -0.3 3 Molybdenum 0.6 0.7 mg/kg - Iodine 1 1 mg/kg - Lysine 5.5 6 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 0.5 4.7 -6.6 10 0.6 5.3 -7.2 10 0.2 2.3-3 10 Threonine 6.6 7.3 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 0.9 5.9 -8.4 6 1 6.3 -9.3 7 0.4 2.8-3.9 7 Methionine 2.8 3.1 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.5 2.3 -3.7 6 0.5 2.6 -4.1 7 0.3 1-1.8 7 Cystine 2.8 3 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.4 2.1 -3.2 4 0.4 2.4 -3.5 5 0.2 0.9-1.4 5 Methionine + cystine 5.6 6.1 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 0.7 4.4 -6.1 4 0.7 5 -6.8 5 0.4 2-2.9 5 Tryptophan 2.7 3 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N 2 -3.4 2 2.2 -3.7 2 1-1.3 2 Isoleucine 6.2 6.8 g/kg 3 g/16g N 1 5.3 -8.1 5 1.1 5.7 -9 6 0.3 2.8-3.7 6 Valine 9.6 10.5 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 0.8 8.9 -10.5 5 0.9 9.9 -12 6 0.3 4.3-5.1 6 Leucine 12.6 13.7 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 1.8 11.6 -15.9 6 2 12.4 -17.6 7 0.6 5.7-7.3 7 Phenylalanine 8.3 9.1 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 1.1 7.8 -10.3 5 1.1 8.3 -11.4 6 0.4 3.8-4.7 6 Tyrosine 4.2 4.5 g/kg 2 g/16g N 0.6 3.8 -5.4 5 0.7 4 -5.8 5 0.4 1.9-2.8 5 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 12.5 13.6 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 1.5 11.6 -14.8 5 1.6 12.4 -16.4 5 0.6 5.7-7.3 5 Histidine 4 4.4 g/kg 2 g/16g N 0.8 3.6 -5.7 5 0.9 3.8 -6.3 6 0.3 1.8-2.6 6 Arginine 21.7 23.6 g/kg 10.6 g/16g N 3.8 19.6 -30.5 5 4.1 21.8 -33.8 6 1.6 9.4-14.1 6 Alanine 8.1 8.8 g/kg 4 g/16g N 1.1 8.7 -11.5 6 0.3 3.9-4.8 6 Aspartic acid 15.6 17.1 g/kg 7.6 g/16g N 2.3 15 -19.9 5 2.4 16.1 -22 6 0.6 7.4-9.2 6 Glutamic acid 37.2 40.6 g/kg 18.2 g/16g N 6.2 34.8 -46.7 5 6.7 37.1 -51.7 6 2 16.6-21.5 6 Glycine 8.4 9.1 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 0.8 8.2 -9.4 4 0.8 8.7 -10.7 5 0.1 4-4.3 5 Serine 9.2 10 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 1.4 8.4 -12 5 1.5 8.9 -13.3 6 0.5 4.1-5.5 6 Proline 6.9 7.6 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N 6.9 -7.1 2 7.5 -7.9 3 3.4-3.6 3 C12:0 lauric acid 37.7 41.2 g/kg 45.2 % FA 45.1-45.2 3 C14:0 myristic acid 15.9 17.4 g/kg 19 % FA 18.6-19.4 3 C16:0 palmitic acid 8.5 9.3 g/kg 10.2 % FA 9.9-10.5 3 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:0 stearic acid 2.7 3 g/kg 3.2 % FA 3.2-3.3 3 C18:1 oleic acid 6.4 7 g/kg 7.6 % FA 7.5-7.7 3 C18:2 linoleic acid 1.5 1.7 g/kg 1.8 % FA 1.8-1.9 3 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.08 0.09 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.1-0.1 3 C20:0 arachidic acid 0.08 0.09 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.1-0.1 2 Fatty acids 8.4 9.1 % 90 % fat Vitamin E 7.7 8.4 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 0.7 0.8 mg/kg - 1 1 Vitamin B2 riboflavin 3.5 3.8 mg/kg - 1 1 Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 4.4 4.8 mg/kg - 1 1 Niacin 27.9 30.4 mg/kg - 1 1 Pantothenic acid 6.5 7.1 mg/kg - 1 1 Folic acid 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - Biotin 0.2 0.3 mg/kg - Choline 1084 1184 mg/kg - DE growing pig (kcal) 3320 3620 kcal/kg - 220 3020 -3630 7 ME growing pig (kcal) 3130 3420 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2050 2240 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3450 3770 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3200 3490 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2150 2350 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 75 % 9.6 60-85.4 5 OM digestibility growing pig - 77.6 % 71-78.7 4 N digestibility growing pig - 70.9 % 9.9 50.2-77.5 9 Crude fat digestibility pig - 64.5 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 78.1 % OM digestibility adult pig - 80.8 % N digestibility adult pig - 74.9 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.6 1.8 g/kg 31 % 1 AMEn broiler (kcal) 1790 1950 kcal/kg - 1780 -2390 2 PDIA INRA 2007 100 110 g/kg - 22 74 -143 11 PDIN INRA 2007 153 167 g/kg - 13 128 -167 4 13 136 -184 11 PDIE INRA 2007 143 156 g/kg - 22 125 -193 11 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2680 2930 kcal/kg - 1 1 Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 75.7 % 1 OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 76.2 % N digestibility ruminants - 74.9 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 89 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 76.9 % Absorbable P ruminants 3.6 3.9 g/kg 68 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 50 % 13 23-66 15 Immediately degradable N (a) - 19 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 69 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.05 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 72 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.7 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.8 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.2 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.1 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 69.4 % Energy digestibility horse - 66.9 % Horse Forage Unit 0.69 0.76 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 139 152 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2580 2820 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME rabbit (kcal) 2440 2660 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 58.4 % 1 N digestibility rabbit - 56.9 % 1 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.3 3.6 g/kg 60 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.5 g/kg 62 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2.1 g/kg 68 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 1.9 g/kg 62 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.6 4 g/kg 65 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 2 g/kg 67 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 4.7 g/kg 69 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.6 7.2 g/kg 69 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.7 9.5 g/kg 69 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.7 6.2 g/kg 68 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.7 2.9 g/kg 65 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.4 9.1 g/kg 67 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.7 g/kg 62 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 15.4 16.8 g/kg 71 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.4 5.9 g/kg 67 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 9.7 10.6 g/kg 62 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 23.8 26 g/kg 64 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.4 5.8 g/kg 64 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.7 6.2 g/kg 62 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 4 4.3 g/kg 57 % Gross energy (MJ) 18.5 20.2 MJ/kg - 1.7 16.5 -21.5 19 1.8 18.1 -24.3 24 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.7 0.7 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 79 % 1 UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.04 1.13 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.01 1.11 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 78 85 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 126 138 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 29 31 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.01 1.11 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.98 1.07 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 88 96 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 134 147 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 20 22 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1780 1950 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1730 1890 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2750 3000 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 74.9 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 74.3 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 52 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.8 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.2 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.2 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.2 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.3 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 11.2 12.2 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.2 7.9 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7 7.6 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 69 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.97 1.05 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.93 1.01 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 99 109 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 145 159 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 8 9 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.201 0.22 per kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 10.6 11.6 g/kg 12.7 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (with phytase) 2.4 2.7 g/kg 47 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1880 2060 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 1.3 1.4 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 1.3 1.4 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.97 1.06 per kg - 1 1 UFV INRA 2007 0.92 1.01 per kg - 1 1 DE salmonids (kcal) 2670 2920 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 60.4 % N digestibility salmonids - 84.9 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.3 g/kg 56 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 4.5 4.9 g/kg 67 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 2.5 2.7 g/kg 88 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 1.9 g/kg 63 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.6 g/kg 76 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2.1 g/kg 69 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 4.8 5.2 g/kg 77 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 7.5 8.2 g/kg 78 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 9.7 10.6 g/kg 77 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 6.9 7.5 g/kg 83 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 2.9 3.2 g/kg 71 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 9.8 10.7 g/kg 79 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.4 g/kg 78 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 18.8 20.6 g/kg 87 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.1 5.6 g/kg 63 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 10.6 11.6 g/kg 68 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 28.6 31.2 g/kg 77 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 4.5 4.9 g/kg 53 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 6 6.6 g/kg 66 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 4.6 5 g/kg 66 % DE growing pig (MJ) 13.9 15.2 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 13.1 14.3 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 8.6 9.4 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 14.5 15.8 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 13.4 14.6 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 9 9.8 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 7.9 8.6 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 7.5 8.2 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11.2 12.3 MJ/kg - 1 1 DE rabbit (MJ) 10.8 11.8 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME rabbit (MJ) 10.2 11.1 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 11.2 12.2 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 966 1055 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1010 1103 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 127 139 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 25 27 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.7 4 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.5 1.6 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 67.7 73.9 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.11 3.39 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.61 1.76 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.52 1.66 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.69 1.85 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.11 1.22 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 47 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 53 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.8 7.5 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 201 219 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 0.7 0.7 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0.8 0.9 % - 1 0.7 -1 2 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -