Dry matter 88.5 100 % - 3.1 82.5 -92.2 11 4.9 Crude protein 10.9 12.3 % - 1.7 8.9 -14.5 11 1.9 10.2 -15.8 13 Crude fibre 18.9 21.4 % - 3.6 13.2 -27.2 11 4 14.7 -30 13 Crude fat 3.7 4.2 % - 2.1 2.5 -8.1 4 2.4 2 -8.8 6 Ash 7.1 8 % - 3 4.9 -15.1 7 3.3 5.7 -16.4 9 NDF 48.7 55 % - 26.9 -61.4 3 30 -67.6 3 ADF 37.4 42.3 % - 9.6 24.3 -49.8 3 10.7 27.1 -54.9 5 Lignin 21.6 24.4 % - Starch 0 0 % - Total sugars 3.8 4.3 % - Gross energy (kcal) 3880 4380 kcal/kg - Calcium 11.1 12.5 g/kg - 5 -19.9 2 5.5 -21.6 3 Phosphorus 1.5 1.7 g/kg - 1.3 -2.2 2 1.2 -2.4 3 Magnesium 0.7 0.8 g/kg - 1 Sodium 0.09 0.1 g/kg - 1 Manganese 29 33 mg/kg - 1 Zinc 22 25 mg/kg - 1 Copper 23 26 mg/kg - 1 Cobalt 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - 1 Lysine 0.9 1 g/kg 0.9 g/16g N 0.8-0.9 2 Threonine 6.8 7.6 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N 5.5-6.9 2 Methionine 1.6 1.8 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 1.3-1.6 2 Cystine 1.2 1.4 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N 1.1-1.1 2 Methionine + cystine 2.8 3.1 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N Tryptophan 1.1 1.2 g/kg 1 g/16g N Isoleucine 6.7 7.5 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 6-6.2 2 Valine 7.3 8.3 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N 6.7-6.7 2 Leucine 11.4 12.9 g/kg 10.5 g/16g N 10.4-10.5 2 Phenylalanine 6.3 7.1 g/kg 5.8 g/16g N 5.7-5.8 2 Tyrosine 3.4 3.9 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 3.1-3.2 2 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 9.7 11 g/kg 8.9 g/16g N Histidine 1.8 2 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 1.6-1.7 2 Arginine 7.7 8.8 g/kg 7.1 g/16g N 7.1-7.1 2 Alanine 6.2 7 g/kg 5.7 g/16g N 5.6-5.8 2 Aspartic acid 13.5 15.2 g/kg 12.4 g/16g N 12.1-12.6 2 Glutamic acid 14.2 16.1 g/kg 13.1 g/16g N 10.3-15.8 2 Glycine 6.7 7.5 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 6.1-6.1 2 Serine 8.1 9.1 g/kg 7.4 g/16g N 7.3-7.5 2 Proline 1.9 2.2 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 1.6-1.9 2 C16:0 palmitic acid 3.1 3.6 g/kg 10.5 % FA 7.9-16.5 4 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.3 0.4 g/kg 1.1 % FA 0.3-1.8 2 C18:0 stearic acid 0.9 1 g/kg 2.9 % FA 2.2-3.5 4 C18:1 oleic acid 22.1 24.9 g/kg 73.6 % FA 66.4-79.6 4 C18:2 linoleic acid 3.5 3.9 g/kg 11.5 % FA 6.1-16.4 4 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 1 % FA 0.7-1.6 4 Fatty acids 3 3.4 % 80 % fat DE growing pig (kcal) 1950 2200 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 1820 2060 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1110 1250 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 2210 2500 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2010 2270 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1260 1430 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 50.2 % OM digestibility growing pig - 54.6 % N digestibility growing pig - 49.3 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 39.5 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 57 % OM digestibility adult pig - 61.1 % N digestibility adult pig - 63.8 % PDIA INRA 2007 10 11 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 36 40 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 31 35 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 1190 1350 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 37.7 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 40.5 % 33.7-69.4 3 N digestibility ruminants - 48.2 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 15 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 73 % Absorbable P ruminants 1 1.1 g/kg 68 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 48 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 10 % Potentially degradable N (b) - 66 % Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.08 h-1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 40 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.2 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.7 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.1 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.9 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 63 % Energy digestibility horse - 60.9 % Horse Forage Unit 0.65 0.74 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 46 52 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 1680 1900 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 1640 1850 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 43.3 % N digestibility rabbit - 27 % Gross energy (MJ) 16.2 18.3 MJ/kg - Absorbable Ca ruminants 6.1 6.9 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 50 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.38 0.43 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.28 0.31 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 7 8 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 44 49 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -10 -11 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.36 0.4 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.25 0.29 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 8 9 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 43 49 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -13 -15 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 630 710 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 450 500 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1110 1260 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 39.2 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 36.4 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 50 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.7 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.7 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.8 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.9 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 5.1 5.8 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 2.9 3.3 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 2.2 2.4 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 39 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.32 0.36 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.21 0.24 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 9 10 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 44 50 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -19 -22 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.424 0.479 per kg - C14:0 myristic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0-0 2 Insoluble ash 0.2 0.3 % - Water insoluble cell walls 47.9 54.1 % - Phytate phosphorus 0.9 1 g/kg 60 % P Potassium 10.1 11.5 g/kg - Chlorine 3.5 4 g/kg - Electrolyte balance 165 187 mEq/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0-0 2 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.1 0.2 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.4-0.5 4 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.3-0.4 2 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0.04 0.04 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.1-0.2 2 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.4 0.5 g/kg 30 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.7 0.7 g/kg 45 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 870 980 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 830 940 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 0.4 0.4 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.4 0.4 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.38 0.43 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.28 0.31 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 2050 2310 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 52.8 % N digestibility salmonids - 81.3 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.6 g/kg 58 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 4.1 4.6 g/kg 60 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.2 1.3 g/kg 74 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 0.7 g/kg 55 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2.1 g/kg 66 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 0.8 g/kg 61 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 4.6 5.2 g/kg 70 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 4.9 5.5 g/kg 66 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 8.1 9.2 g/kg 71 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.6 5.2 g/kg 74 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 2.7 g/kg 70 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 7.1 8 g/kg 73 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1.2 1.4 g/kg 68 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 6.2 7 g/kg 80 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 3.9 4.4 g/kg 63 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 9.1 10.3 g/kg 67 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 10.9 12.3 g/kg 77 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 4 g/kg 53 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 5.3 5.9 g/kg 65 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 1.3 1.4 g/kg 66 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 0.7 g/kg 67 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 4.8 g/kg 63 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.2 1.3 g/kg 75 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 0.9 g/kg 64 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2.2 g/kg 70 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 0.8 g/kg 68 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.8 5.4 g/kg 71 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 5 5.7 g/kg 69 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.9 9 g/kg 70 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 5.1 g/kg 72 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.5 g/kg 65 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.8 7.6 g/kg 70 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.2 1.4 g/kg 68 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.6 6.3 g/kg 72 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 4.8 g/kg 69 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 8.9 10.1 g/kg 66 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 10.4 11.7 g/kg 73 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.2 4.8 g/kg 64 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.5 6.2 g/kg 68 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 1.5 g/kg 70 % DE growing pig (MJ) 8.2 9.2 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 7.6 8.6 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 4.6 5.2 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 9.3 10.5 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 8.4 9.5 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 5.3 6 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 3.6 4.1 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 3.5 3.9 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 5 5.6 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 7 8 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 6.9 7.8 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 8.6 9.7 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 379 428 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 302 341 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 -8 -9 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 11 12 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 -0.1 -0.1 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 0.7 0.8 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 40.2 45.4 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 1.79 2.02 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.73 0.82 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 0.67 0.76 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.73 0.82 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.25 0.28 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 50 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 56 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 2.7 3 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 101 114 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 1 2 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0 0 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -