Dry matter 88 100 % - 2.5 83.3 -95.3 40 4.1 Crude protein 9.2 10.5 % - 2.3 2.4 -12 44 2.6 2.5 -16.1 83 Crude fibre 2.1 2.4 % - 1.3 1.3 -6 35 1.4 0.8 -6.4 52 Crude fat 2.5 2.8 % - 1.5 0.1 -7.7 32 1.7 0.1 -8.9 67 Ash 1.6 1.9 % - 0.9 0.4 -4.7 32 1 0.5 -5.4 50 Insoluble ash 0.8 1 % - 0.8 0.04 -2.8 19 1 0.04 -3.2 19 NDF 6.6 7.5 % - 2.9 2.8 -10.7 6 3.3 3 -12.2 7 ADF 2.5 2.9 % - 1.1 0.8 -3.9 8 1.3 0.9 -4.4 9 Lignin 1 1.2 % - 0.6 0.4 -1.8 5 0.6 0.4 -2 5 Starch 76.6 87.1 % - 3.7 68.8 -79.4 9 3.4 80.3 -91.3 9 Total sugars 1 1.2 % - 0.2 -1.8 4 0.3 -1.9 4 Gross energy (kcal) 3850 4380 kcal/kg - 480 3630 -4690 5 530 4020 -5330 5 Calcium 0.4 0.5 g/kg - 0.4 0.05 -1.8 26 0.4 0.06 -2 26 Phosphorus 3.1 3.6 g/kg - 1.6 1.1 -6.7 27 1.8 1.3 -7.6 28 Phytate phosphorus 2.5 2.8 g/kg 80 % P 1 1 Magnesium 1.3 1.4 g/kg - 0.7 0.4 -2.9 20 0.8 0.4 -3.4 20 Potassium 3.1 3.5 g/kg - 1.6 1.1 -6.4 20 1.8 1.3 -7.3 20 Sodium 0.31 0.35 g/kg - Chlorine 0.2 0.3 g/kg - Sulfur 0.4 0.5 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 61 69 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 87 99 mEq/kg - Manganese 26 29 mg/kg - 1 Zinc 18 20 mg/kg - 1 Copper 2 3 mg/kg - Iron 16 18 mg/kg - Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - Cobalt 2 2 mg/kg - Molybdenum 0.8 0.9 mg/kg - Iodine 0.02 0.03 mg/kg - Lysine 3.4 3.9 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 0.7 2.3 -3.7 6 0.7 2.7 -5.7 17 0.3 3.3-4.3 21 Threonine 3.4 3.8 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 1 2.5 -5.8 17 0.4 3.2-4.8 21 Methionine 2.2 2.4 g/kg 2.3 g/16g N 0.5 1.4 -2.7 6 0.6 1.6 -3.9 17 0.4 1.6-3 21 Cystine 1.5 1.7 g/kg 1.6 g/16g N 0.5 0.9 -2 5 0.6 1 -2.7 16 0.6 1-2.6 20 Methionine + cystine 3.6 4.1 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 0.6 3.2 -3.7 5 0.7 3.3 -5.4 16 0.6 3-5.2 20 Tryptophan 1.6 1.8 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 0.7 1 -2.9 5 0.8 1 -3.4 10 0.7 1.1-3.6 14 Isoleucine 4.2 4.7 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 1.1 2.2 -5.7 6 1.2 2.5 -6.7 17 0.9 3.2-6.6 21 Valine 5.4 6.1 g/kg 5.9 g/16g N 1.3 3.8 -8.1 17 0.5 4.4-6.2 21 Leucine 7.3 8.4 g/kg 8 g/16g N 2 5.2 -11.5 17 1 5.5-10.1 21 Phenylalanine 4.8 5.5 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N 1.3 3.5 -8.3 17 0.4 4.3-6.3 21 Tyrosine 3.9 4.4 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1.1 2.1 -4.7 6 1.3 1.8 -6.9 17 1.1 2.4-5.6 21 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 8.7 9.9 g/kg 9.5 g/16g N 2.1 5.3 -9.4 6 2.3 5.7 -13.6 17 1.3 6.7-11.1 21 Histidine 2.1 2.4 g/kg 2.3 g/16g N 0.5 1.6 -3.6 17 0.1 2.1-2.7 21 Arginine 7.4 8.4 g/kg 8.1 g/16g N 1.9 5.7 -11.8 17 1.1 4.7-9 21 Alanine 5.2 6 g/kg 5.7 g/16g N 1.5 3.6 -8.8 17 0.6 4.1-6.7 20 Aspartic acid 8.8 10 g/kg 9.6 g/16g N 3.2 6.5 -17.4 17 1.4 6.6-13.2 20 Glutamic acid 17 19.4 g/kg 18.5 g/16g N 4.8 10.7 -20.2 6 5.4 12 -28.6 17 2.2 15.1-21.8 20 Glycine 4.2 4.8 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 1.2 3.5 -7.6 17 0.4 3.9-5.8 21 Serine 4.6 5.2 g/kg 5 g/16g N 1.2 3.7 -8.1 17 0.5 4.1-6.1 20 Proline 4.3 4.9 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 1.1 2.3 -7.9 6 1.2 2.7 -7.2 17 1.2 3.5-8.1 20 C12:0 lauric acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.04 % FA 0.02-0.06 4 C14:0 myristic acid 0.08 0.09 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.3 0-0.9 8 C16:0 palmitic acid 4.2 4.7 g/kg 18.8 % FA 2.6 14.7-23.9 40 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.04 0.04 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.1 0-0.3 6 C18:0 stearic acid 0.5 0.5 g/kg 2.1 % FA 0.5 0.9-3.7 40 C18:1 oleic acid 8.8 10.1 g/kg 39.9 % FA 3.3 28.9-45 40 C18:2 linoleic acid 7.9 9 g/kg 35.8 % FA 3.5 30-41 41 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.3 0.4 g/kg 1.5 % FA 0.5 1-3.7 40 C20:0 arachidic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.3 0-0.9 7 Fatty acids 2.2 2.5 % 90 % fat Vitamin E 8.6 9.8 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 5.3 6.1 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 2.5 2.8 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 3.9 4.5 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 50.2 57 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 16.1 18.2 mg/kg - Folic acid 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - Biotin 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - Vitamin C 0 0 mg/kg - DE growing pig (kcal) 3550 4040 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 3460 3940 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2860 3250 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3560 4050 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3470 3940 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2840 3220 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 92.1 % OM digestibility growing pig - 98 % N digestibility growing pig - 86.8 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 51.6 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 92.4 % OM digestibility adult pig - 98.3 % N digestibility adult pig - 87.6 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.4 0.4 g/kg 12 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 3660 4170 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 3590 4090 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 25 29 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 61 69 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 65 74 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2780 3160 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 85.8 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 88.5 % N digestibility ruminants - 68 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 70.9 % Absorbable P ruminants 2.3 2.7 g/kg 75 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 71 % 1 Immediately degradable N (a) - 45 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 40 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.11 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 67 % 1 Immediately degradable starch (a) - 26 % 1 Potentially degradable starch (b) - 74 % 1 Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.075 h-1 1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 65 % 12-71 2 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.6 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.3 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 96.8 % Energy digestibility horse - 92.9 % Horse Forage Unit 1.23 1.4 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 65 73 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3230 3670 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 3130 3560 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 83.7 % N digestibility rabbit - 72.3 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.1 3.5 g/kg 91 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.1 3.6 g/kg 93 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2.2 g/kg 90 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.2 1.4 g/kg 84 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.2 3.6 g/kg 88 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.4 1.6 g/kg 89 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4 4.5 g/kg 95 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 5 5.7 g/kg 93 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.8 7.8 g/kg 93 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.4 5 g/kg 91 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.6 4.1 g/kg 92 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 8 9.1 g/kg 91 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2.2 g/kg 90 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.9 7.8 g/kg 93 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.9 5.6 g/kg 94 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 8.2 9.3 g/kg 93 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 15.5 17.6 g/kg 91 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.9 4.5 g/kg 93 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.2 4.8 g/kg 92 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 3.5 3.9 g/kg 80 % Gross energy (MJ) 16.1 18.3 MJ/kg - 2 15.2 -19.6 5 2.2 16.8 -22.3 5 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.2 0.3 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 57 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.08 1.23 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.1 1.25 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 22 25 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 71 81 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -23 -26 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.06 1.21 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.08 1.23 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 25 28 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 71 80 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -21 -24 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1870 2120 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1900 2160 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2780 3160 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 87.2 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 84.4 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 69 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 68 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.6 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.4 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 12.2 13.7 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.3 9.3 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.5 9.6 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 62 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.03 1.17 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.04 1.18 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 28 32 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 72 82 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -22 -25 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.238 0.271 per kg - Water insoluble cell walls 5.8 6.6 % - 1 1 C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.5-0.7 2 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.03-0.7 3 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0.06 0.06 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.1-0.4 3 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0.07 0.08 g/kg 0.3 % FA 1 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.6 0.6 g/kg 18 % Available P cockerel 0.8 0.9 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.8 0.9 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.05 1.19 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.05 1.2 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 1970 2240 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 51.1 % N digestibility salmonids - 79.9 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 3 3.4 g/kg 86 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 2.8 3.2 g/kg 84 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2.2 g/kg 89 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.2 1.4 g/kg 85 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 3.2 3.6 g/kg 87 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.6 g/kg 85 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 3.6 4.1 g/kg 86 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 4.6 5.3 g/kg 86 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 6.5 7.4 g/kg 88 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.3 4.8 g/kg 89 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.4 3.9 g/kg 88 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 7.7 8.8 g/kg 88 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2.1 g/kg 88 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 6.8 7.7 g/kg 92 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.5 5.1 g/kg 85 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 7.5 8.6 g/kg 86 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 15.4 17.5 g/kg 90 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 3.7 4.2 g/kg 86 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 4 4.5 g/kg 87 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 3.8 4.3 g/kg 87 % DE growing pig (MJ) 14.9 16.9 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 14.5 16.5 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 12 13.6 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 14.9 16.9 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 14.5 16.5 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 11.9 13.5 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 15.3 17.4 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 15 17.1 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11.6 13.2 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 13.5 15.3 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 13.1 14.9 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 8.2 9.4 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1046 1189 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1153 1310 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 62 70 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -7 -8 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 4 4.5 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.6 1.8 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 78 88.6 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.4 3.86 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.77 2.01 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.67 1.9 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.91 2.17 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.31 1.49 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 28 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 31 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7.4 8.4 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 143 163 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -8 -9 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 75.7 86.1 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin K 0.02 0.02 mg/kg -