Dry matter 89.1 100 % - 2.1 84.6 -94.9 49 3.3 Crude protein 9.2 10.3 % - 1.2 2.7 -10.2 51 1.3 3.1 -13 91 Crude fibre 2.3 2.5 % - 0.5 0.3 -2.9 42 0.5 0.4 -3.9 75 Crude fat 0.4 0.4 % - 0.3 0.01 -2.1 30 0.3 0.01 -2.3 83 Ash 5.6 6.2 % - 2 2.4 -6.9 42 2.2 2.7 -15.8 78 Insoluble ash 1.4 1.5 % - 2.7 0.05 -3.8 11 3 0.06 -11.5 27 NDF 7.4 8.3 % - 3.2 6.4 -16.5 9 3.6 4.4 -18.1 24 ADF 3.2 3.6 % - 0.6 2.2 -4 9 0.7 2.5 -4.9 34 Lignin 0.8 0.9 % - 0.4 0.1 -1.2 9 0.5 0.1 -2.2 34 Starch 65.2 73.2 % - 4.6 58.7 -74.1 39 4.8 56.2 -82.3 43 Total sugars 4.7 5.3 % - 2.9 1.3 -10.5 17 Gross energy (kcal) 3620 4060 kcal/kg - 100 3330 -3810 3 70 3890 -4160 17 Calcium 1 1.1 g/kg - 0.4 0.4 -1.8 19 0.4 0.3 -2 23 Phosphorus 2 2.3 g/kg - 0.4 1.1 -2.7 19 0.4 1.3 -3 25 Phytate phosphorus 0.5 0.6 g/kg 25 % P 1 1 Magnesium 0.9 1 g/kg - 1 0.9 -1 4 Potassium 20.1 22.6 g/kg - 1.1 21.2 -24.1 5 Sodium 0.25 0.28 g/kg - 0.11 0.2 -0.42 5 Chlorine 1.8 2 g/kg - 1.5 -2.2 2 1.6 -2.5 2 Sulfur 0.9 1 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 417 468 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 475 533 mEq/kg - Manganese 19 21 mg/kg - Zinc 25 28 mg/kg - Copper 5 6 mg/kg - 4 -8 4 Iron 58 65 mg/kg - Selenium 0.04 0.04 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.03 0.03 mg/kg - Molybdenum 1 1 mg/kg - Iodine 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - Lysine 4.1 4.6 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 0.8 3 -4.6 6 0.9 2.7 -5.6 10 0.9 3.2-5.9 11 Threonine 3.2 3.6 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 1.2 2.2 -5.7 6 0.6 2.6-4.4 7 Methionine 1.2 1.4 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.2 1 -1.5 4 0.2 1 -1.6 7 0.3 1-1.9 7 Cystine 1.2 1.4 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N 0.3 0.9 -1.6 6 0.4 0.9-1.7 6 Methionine + cystine 2.5 2.8 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 0.6 2.3 -2.9 4 0.7 1.9 -4 7 0.7 1.9-3.6 7 Tryptophan 0.8 0.9 g/kg 0.9 g/16g N 1 Isoleucine 2.8 3.2 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N 2.5 -4.4 4 0.4 3-4 5 Valine 4.3 4.8 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 4.1 -6.8 3 4.3-5.3 4 Leucine 4.6 5.1 g/kg 5 g/16g N 3.9 -5.8 4 0.6 4.5-6 5 Phenylalanine 3.3 3.7 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 2.8 -4.7 4 0.4 3.4-4.4 5 Tyrosine 3.5 3.9 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 2.6 -7.4 4 1.7 2.1-6.6 5 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 6.8 7.7 g/kg 7.4 g/16g N 5.4 -11.2 4 1.7 5.7-10 5 Histidine 1.4 1.6 g/kg 1.6 g/16g N 1 -2.3 4 0.4 1.2-2.2 5 Arginine 3.1 3.5 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N 1.9 -5.3 4 1.6 1.7-5.6 5 Alanine 3.2 3.5 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N 2.6 -4.5 4 3.1-3.8 4 Aspartic acid 14.5 16.3 g/kg 15.8 g/16g N 12.4 -21.2 4 14.9-20.7 4 Glutamic acid 13.8 15.5 g/kg 15.1 g/16g N 12.1 -20.5 4 14.4-18.3 4 Glycine 2.8 3.1 g/kg 3 g/16g N 2.5 -3.6 4 0.2 2.7-3.4 5 Serine 3.2 3.6 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 2.5 -4.7 4 3-3.6 4 Proline 2.6 2.9 g/kg 2.8 g/16g N 2.1 -3.7 3 2.6-2.9 3 C14:0 myristic acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.3-0.3 4 C16:0 palmitic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 18 % FA 0.06 0.06 0.3 -0.6 23 1.1 15.6-20.3 27 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 1.2 % FA 0.02 0.02 0.01 -0.08 23 0.8 0.3-4 27 C18:0 stearic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 5.3 % FA 0.02 0.02 0.1 -0.2 23 0.6 3.9-6.6 27 C18:1 oleic acid 0.04 0.05 g/kg 1.9 % FA 0.02 0.02 0.02 -0.1 23 0.8 0.9-4.8 27 C18:2 linoleic acid 1.2 1.4 g/kg 55.5 % FA 0.2 0.2 1 -1.8 23 3.7 49.2-60.7 27 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 17.4 % FA 0.06 0.07 0.3 -0.5 23 2.5 13.4-24 27 C20:0 arachidic acid 0.05 0.05 g/kg 2.2 % FA 2-2.3 4 C22:0 behenic acid 0.01 0.02 g/kg 0.7 % FA 0.5-0.7 4 Fatty acids 0.2 0.2 % 55 % fat 0.03 0.03 0.2 -0.3 23 9 42-77 22 Vitamin B1 thiamin 1 1.1 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 0.6 0.7 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 2.6 2.9 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 10 11.2 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 2 2.2 mg/kg - Folic acid 0.8 0.9 mg/kg - Biotin 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - Choline 826 927 mg/kg - DE growing pig (kcal) 3320 3720 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 3240 3630 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2550 2860 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3360 3770 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3270 3670 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2570 2880 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 91.6 % OM digestibility growing pig - 92.5 % N digestibility growing pig - 60 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 0 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 92.8 % OM digestibility adult pig - 93.6 % N digestibility adult pig - 62.9 % PDIA INRA 2007 22 25 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 60 67 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 75 85 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2560 2880 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 84.3 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 88.5 % N digestibility ruminants - 68.5 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 0 % N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 74 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 57 % Potentially degradable N (b) - 30 % Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.08 h-1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 79 % Immediately degradable starch (a) - 45 % Potentially degradable starch (b) - 55 % Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.095 h-1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 70 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 45 % Potentially degradable DM (b) - 52 % Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.055 h-1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.2 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.9 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 88.2 % Energy digestibility horse - 84.8 % Horse Forage Unit 1.04 1.17 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 64 72 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3000 3360 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 2920 3280 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 82.8 % N digestibility rabbit - 60.5 % Gross energy (MJ) 15.2 17 MJ/kg - 0.4 14 -15.9 3 0.3 16.3 -17.4 17 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.5 0.6 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 49 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.98 1.1 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1 1.12 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 21 23 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 72 81 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -26 -29 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.97 1.09 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.98 1.1 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 23 26 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 72 81 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -25 -28 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1700 1910 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1720 1930 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2550 2860 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 87.1 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 83 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 70 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 77 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.3 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.9 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.9 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10.7 12 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.1 8 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.2 8.1 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 68 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.94 1.05 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.94 1.05 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 27 30 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 74 83 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -26 -29 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.207 0.232 per kg - Water insoluble cell walls 6.6 7.4 % - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.1-0.3 4 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1.1-1.5 4 Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.6 0.7 g/kg 30 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.9 1 g/kg 45 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 3150 3540 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 3150 3530 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 0.5 0.6 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.5 0.6 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.96 1.08 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.96 1.08 per kg - Absorbable P ruminants 1.4 1.6 g/kg 70 % P DE salmonids (kcal) 1790 2010 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 49.6 % N digestibility salmonids - 79.7 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 4 g/kg 86 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 2.7 3 g/kg 84 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.2 g/kg 88 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.2 g/kg 84 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.1 2.4 g/kg 86 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 0.8 g/kg 85 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 2.7 g/kg 86 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 3.6 4.1 g/kg 85 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 4 4.5 g/kg 88 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 2.9 3.3 g/kg 88 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.5 g/kg 88 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 6 6.7 g/kg 88 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1.3 1.4 g/kg 88 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 2.9 3.2 g/kg 91 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 2.7 3 g/kg 85 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 12.4 13.9 g/kg 85 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 12.4 14 g/kg 90 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 2.6 g/kg 86 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 2.7 3.1 g/kg 86 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 2.2 2.5 g/kg 87 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.4 3.9 g/kg 84 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.6 2.9 g/kg 80 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 1.2 g/kg 87 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.9 1 g/kg 75 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.3 g/kg 81 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 0.7 g/kg 83 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.4 2.6 g/kg 84 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.6 4 g/kg 84 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.9 4.4 g/kg 85 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.8 3.2 g/kg 86 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3 3.3 g/kg 85 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.8 6.5 g/kg 85 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.2 1.3 g/kg 83 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.7 3 g/kg 86 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.6 3 g/kg 84 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 11.6 13 g/kg 80 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 12.1 13.6 g/kg 87 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.5 g/kg 81 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.6 2.9 g/kg 82 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 2.4 g/kg 84 % DE growing pig (MJ) 13.9 15.6 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 13.6 15.2 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 10.7 12 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 14.1 15.8 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 13.7 15.4 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 10.7 12 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 13.2 14.8 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 13.2 14.8 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 10.7 12 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 12.6 14.1 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 12.2 13.7 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 7.5 8.4 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 960 1077 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1052 1181 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 68 77 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -21 -24 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 4.8 5.4 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.6 1.8 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 73.8 82.7 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.22 3.61 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.65 1.85 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.55 1.74 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.78 2 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.2 1.34 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 25 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 27 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.8 7.6 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 133 150 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -7 -8 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 62.5 70.1 % - 8.6 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin K 0.02 0.02 mg/kg -