Dry matter 92.1 100 % - 1.8 83.1 -98.9 1811 2.8 Crude protein 65.2 70.7 % - 3.3 61.1 -68.9 161 3.3 57.4 -76.3 103 Crude fibre 0 0 % - 0.5 0 -1.9 25 0.5 0 -2.1 31 Ash 16.8 18.2 % - 2.8 6.7 -27.9 1702 3 7.3 -33.8 1702 Insoluble ash 0.5 0.5 % - 1.1 0.02 -5.3 118 1.1 0.02 -5.7 116 Starch 0 0 % - 0 -1.7 2 1 Total sugars 0 0 % - 1 1 Gross energy (kcal) 4510 4890 kcal/kg - 210 4370 -4970 19 210 4670 -5460 26 Calcium 41.3 44.8 g/kg - 10.8 11.8 -80.1 1046 11.7 12.9 -83.8 1034 Phosphorus 26.4 28.6 g/kg - 3.9 15.3 -43.4 1109 4.2 16.3 -46.3 1027 Magnesium 2.2 2.4 g/kg - 0.6 0.7 -4 21 0.6 0.8 -4.3 27 Potassium 7.9 8.5 g/kg - 2 3.3 -15.7 81 2.2 4.7 -14.5 76 Sodium 10.57 11.47 g/kg - 2.92 3.2 -19.8 365 3.16 3.77 -20.91 335 Chlorine 16.4 17.8 g/kg - 6.1 1.4 -34 713 6.6 1.5 -37.4 660 Sulfur 7.1 7.8 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference -247 -268 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 200 217 mEq/kg - Manganese 18 19 mg/kg - 10 3 -37 29 10 3 -41 24 Zinc 99 107 mg/kg - 18 56 -381 33 19 74 -147 24 Copper 11 12 mg/kg - 21 3 -108 28 23 3 -115 22 Iron 352 382 mg/kg - 157 81 -715 51 171 90 -758 43 Selenium 0.4 0.4 mg/kg - 0.4 -0.5 3 0.4 -0.5 3 Cobalt 0.09 0.1 mg/kg - 1 0.09 -3 7 2 0.1 -4 7 Molybdenum 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 0.2 -0.5 2 0.2 -0.5 2 Iodine 2 2 mg/kg - 1 -3 3 1 -4 3 Lysine 48.9 53.1 g/kg 7.5 g/16g N 5.5 26.8 -59.9 150 5.9 35.7 -69 133 0.8 4.2-9.7 149 Threonine 27 29.3 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 3 17.1 -34.4 128 3.2 18.6 -39 118 0.4 2.7-5.3 135 Methionine 17.7 19.2 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 3.1 8.5 -22.8 108 3.4 0.4 -24.8 100 0.4 1.3-3.4 116 Cystine 5.6 6.1 g/kg 0.9 g/16g N 1.1 3.9 -9 80 1.2 1.2 -10 70 0.1 0.5-1.4 85 Methionine + cystine 23.3 25.3 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 4 17.7 -30.7 81 4.3 1.6 -33 70 0.4 2.1-4.5 86 Tryptophan 6.5 7.1 g/kg 1 g/16g N 2.5 3.8 -9.2 43 2.7 3.7 -20.9 32 0.2 0.6-1.3 47 Isoleucine 27 29.3 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 3.8 17.1 -35.4 128 4.1 14 -39.2 120 0.5 2.3-5.3 137 Valine 32.4 35.2 g/kg 5 g/16g N 3.3 21 -41 127 3.5 22.8 -44.7 116 0.4 3.3-6.3 133 Leucine 46.7 50.7 g/kg 7.2 g/16g N 4.5 32 -55.6 128 4.8 34.8 -61.2 117 0.5 5-8.6 134 Phenylalanine 25.4 27.6 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 2.5 17.1 -31.4 126 2.7 18.6 -34.8 117 0.3 2.7-4.7 134 Tyrosine 19.8 21.5 g/kg 3 g/16g N 2.7 14 -25.1 105 2.9 10.4 -27.1 96 0.4 1.7-3.7 112 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 45.2 49.1 g/kg 6.9 g/16g N 4.4 37.9 -55.2 105 4.6 32.4 -61.3 95 0.5 5.6-8.2 111 Histidine 16.3 17.7 g/kg 2.5 g/16g N 4.7 5.9 -27.7 74 5.1 10.1 -30.6 65 0.7 0.9-4.3 82 Arginine 40.5 43.9 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N 6.3 24.1 -62.9 121 6.8 19.5 -68.1 111 0.9 3.2-9.1 128 Alanine 40.9 44.4 g/kg 6.3 g/16g N 3.1 26.7 -49 125 3.3 29 -53.7 111 0.4 4.2-7.8 129 Aspartic acid 59.3 64.3 g/kg 9.1 g/16g N 7.3 40.8 -77.7 125 7.9 44.3 -84.3 111 1 6.4-11.5 129 Glutamic acid 81.8 88.8 g/kg 12.6 g/16g N 7.6 54.8 -102 125 8 59.5 -113 111 1 8.6-15.8 129 Glycine 43.3 47 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N 5.3 25.4 -83.6 123 5.7 27.6 -70.1 111 1.1 4-12.9 128 Serine 25.3 27.5 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 3.1 17.1 -43.1 124 3.4 12.4 -38 111 0.5 2.1-6.8 129 Proline 28.1 30.5 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 3.5 19.3 -51.1 54 3.7 21 -42.5 42 0.8 3-8 59 C14:0 myristic acid 4.1 4.4 g/kg 6 % FA 1.6 3.7 -4.1 3 1.7 4 -7.5 5 2.3 2.8-11.2 15 C16:0 palmitic acid 12 13 g/kg 17.8 % FA 2.5 11.4 -12.3 3 2.7 12.5 -19.1 5 4.7 10.3-28.2 15 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 4.8 5.3 g/kg 7.2 % FA 2.1 4.2 -8.5 5 2.3 4.2-12.3 15 C18:0 stearic acid 2.4 2.6 g/kg 3.6 % FA 1.6 0.6-6.4 15 C18:1 oleic acid 8.2 9 g/kg 12.3 % FA 3.9 5.5-20.2 15 C18:2 linoleic acid 1.4 1.5 g/kg 2.1 % FA 0.4 1.3 -1.5 3 0.5 0.5 -1.6 5 1.3 0.7-4.5 6 C18:3 linolenic acid 1.2 1.4 g/kg 1.9 % FA 1 -1.6 2 1.5-2.2 2 C18:4 stearidonic acid 1 1.1 g/kg 1.5 % FA 0.7 -1.4 2 1-1.9 2 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 4.5 4.8 g/kg 6.6 % FA 4.7 0.6-12.9 9 C20:4 arachidonic acid 1.6 1.7 g/kg 2.4 % FA 1.3 -2 2 2-2.8 2 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 6 6.6 g/kg 9 % FA 4 -8.8 2 5.9-12.1 2 C22:1 erucic acid 5.2 5.6 g/kg 7.7 % FA 6 0.4-16.9 8 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 1.8 1.9 g/kg 2.6 % FA 1.3 -2.5 2 1.9-3.4 2 C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 4.4 4.8 g/kg 6.6 % FA 2.6 -6.8 2 3.9-9.3 2 Fatty acids 6.7 7.3 % 73 % fat 69-77 4 Vitamin E 5.2 5.6 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 1 1 Vitamin B2 riboflavin 7.2 7.9 mg/kg - 1 1 Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 4.2 4.6 mg/kg - 1 1 Vitamin B12 311 338 µg/kg - Niacin 117 127 mg/kg - 1 1 Pantothenic acid 12 13 mg/kg - 1 1 Folic acid 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - Biotin 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - Choline 3812 4138 mg/kg - 733 2800 -5250 9 791 3111 -5515 9 DE growing pig (kcal) 3830 4160 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 3460 3760 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2240 2430 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3830 4160 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3460 3750 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2230 2420 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 85 % OM digestibility growing pig - 85 % N digestibility growing pig - 85 % N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 89 % 6.3 79.6-96.3 10 Crude fat digestibility pig - 85 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 85 % OM digestibility adult pig - 85 % N digestibility adult pig - 85 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 20.3 22.1 g/kg 77 % 1 AMEn cockerel (kcal) 3180 3460 kcal/kg - 3080 -3870 4 3380 -4410 4 AMEn broiler (kcal) 3180 3460 kcal/kg - Available P broiler 22.4 24.3 g/kg 85 % P Absorbable P ruminants 23.7 25.8 g/kg 90 % P DE salmonids (kcal) 3890 4220 kcal/kg - 360 3250 -4470 7 390 3630 -4720 7 Energy digestibility, salmonids - 86.3 % 8.1 71.8-93 7 N digestibility salmonids - 90.2 % Digestible P salmonids 12.5 13.5 g/kg 47 % 8.2 -22.8 3 8.6 -24 3 29-67 3 Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 45.6 49.6 g/kg 93 % 5.3 42.3 -53.8 5 5.7 45.6 -58.8 5 4 85-98 10 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 24.7 26.8 g/kg 92 % 5.4 14.5 -28.2 6 5.9 15.7 -31.2 6 7 79-99 10 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 16.4 17.8 g/kg 93 % 1.1 15.8 -18.4 5 1.2 17 -20 5 4 87-98 10 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.8 5.2 g/kg 86 % 1 3.3 -6 6 1.1 3.6 -6.5 6 7 76-96 10 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 21.2 23.1 g/kg 91 % 4 86-97 10 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 5.8 6.3 g/kg 89 % 8 79-97 7 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 25.1 27.2 g/kg 93 % 5.3 14.9 -28.8 6 5.7 16.1 -31.5 6 4 86-98 10 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 29.8 32.4 g/kg 92 % 2.1 28.7 -33.3 5 2.2 30.8 -36.3 5 5 83-98 10 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 43.6 47.4 g/kg 94 % 3.1 42.7 -49.4 5 3.2 45.8 -53.9 5 4 85-98 10 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 23.4 25.4 g/kg 92 % 1.8 22.9 -26.9 5 1.9 24.5 -29.4 5 4 85-98 10 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 18.3 19.8 g/kg 92 % 4 11.8 -22 6 4.3 12.9 -24.1 6 5 84-98 10 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 41.7 45.3 g/kg 92 % 3.7 45.1 -53.4 5 5 85-98 10 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 14.5 15.7 g/kg 89 % 6.9 10.6 -24.6 5 7.5 11.5 -27.5 5 5 82-95 10 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 38.1 41.4 g/kg 94 % 3.1 32.6 -39.8 5 3.3 35.2 -43.4 5 4 87-99 10 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 37.8 41 g/kg 92 % 3.3 33.9 -41.3 5 3.5 36.5 -45.1 5 5 84-99 10 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 52.2 56.6 g/kg 88 % 3.8 50.8 -58.6 5 4 54.7 -64 5 8 71-96 10 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 76.5 83.1 g/kg 94 % 14.8 47.5 -85.2 6 16 51.7 -93 6 5 85-99 10 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 38.6 41.9 g/kg 89 % 6.4 35.6 -48.3 5 6.9 38.3 -54.1 5 7 78-98 10 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 23 25 g/kg 91 % 2 22.7 -28.1 5 2.1 24.5 -30.1 5 7 77-98 10 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 26.1 28.3 g/kg 93 % 4.6 16.6 -28.7 6 5 18.1 -32.2 6 6 83-100 9 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 43.3 47 g/kg 89 % 87-92 4 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 23.9 26 g/kg 89 % 83-96 4 Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 15.7 17 g/kg 89 % 85-93 4 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.5 g/kg 74 % 69-84 4 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 19.8 21.5 g/kg 85 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 5.8 6.3 g/kg 90 % 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 23.7 25.7 g/kg 88 % 85-90 4 Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 28 30.4 g/kg 86 % 84-92 4 Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 41.6 45.2 g/kg 89 % 87-94 4 Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 22.3 24.2 g/kg 88 % 86-91 4 Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 17.2 18.7 g/kg 87 % 83-93 4 Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 39.5 42.9 g/kg 87 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.4 15.6 g/kg 89 % 85-93 4 Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 36.2 39.2 g/kg 89 % 88-91 4 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 36.2 39.3 g/kg 88 % 84-95 4 Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 47.5 51.5 g/kg 80 % 75-90 4 Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 71.8 78 g/kg 88 % 84-92 4 Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 33.4 36.3 g/kg 77 % 76-78 2 Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 21.2 23 g/kg 84 % 77-91 4 Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 23.9 25.9 g/kg 85 % 78-88 3 Gross energy (MJ) 18.9 20.5 MJ/kg - 0.9 18.3 -20.8 19 0.9 19.5 -22.9 26 Crude fat 9.2 10 % - 1.5 1.9 -15.2 1014 1.6 2.1 -16.6 1000 NDF 5.3 5.8 % - 2.4 2.6 3.1 -9 5 ADF 0.5 0.5 % - 1 0.5 0 -1.6 7 Lignin 0.2 0.2 % - 0.1 0.2 0 -0.3 6 Water insoluble cell walls 4.5 4.9 % - Phytate phosphorus 0 0 g/kg 0 % P C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.09 0.09 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.08 -0.1 2 0.1-0.2 2 C20:0 arachidic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.2 -0.3 2 0.3-0.4 2 C22:0 behenic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.1 -0.2 2 0.2-0.4 2 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (with phytase) 20.3 22.1 g/kg 77 % Available P cockerel 22.4 24.3 g/kg 85 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.11 1.2 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.09 1.18 per kg - PDIA INRA 2007 302 328 g/kg - 1 PDIN INRA 2007 473 513 g/kg - 1 509 -557 2 PDIE INRA 2007 331 359 g/kg - 1 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 3000 3260 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 95.9 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 95.3 % 93-97.7 3 N digestibility ruminants - 81 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 76.4 % N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 51 % 8 31-54 10 Immediately degradable N (a) - 30 % 8 17-48 16 Potentially degradable N (b) - 41 % 24 15-120 16 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.061 h-1 0.062 0.006-0.21 16 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 0 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 47 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 23 % 8-29 4 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 36 % 21-57 4 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.126 h-1 0.05-0.21 4 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.1 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.5 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.4 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.4 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.5 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE DE rabbit (kcal) 4260 4620 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 3680 3990 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 94.5 % N digestibility rabbit - 74.8 % DE growing pig (MJ) 16 17.4 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 14.5 15.7 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 9.4 10.2 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 16 17.4 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 14.5 15.7 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 9.3 10.1 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 13.3 14.5 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 13.3 14.5 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 12.6 13.6 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 17.8 19.3 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 15.4 16.7 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 16.3 17.7 MJ/kg - Absorbable Ca ruminants 22.7 24.6 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 0 % VEM CVB 2018 1106 1200 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1190 1292 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 324 352 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 253 275 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 5.4 5.8 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.9 2.1 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 65 70.6 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 4.04 4.39 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.23 2.42 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 2.11 2.29 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.32 2.51 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.64 1.78 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 48 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 51 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7.8 8.5 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 438 475 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 34 37 g/kg - UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.3 1.41 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.34 1.45 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 258 280 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 302 328 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 266 289 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.28 1.38 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.31 1.42 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 277 300 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 319 346 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 247 269 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2250 2440 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2300 2490 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3320 3600 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 94 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 94.5 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 50 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.3 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.8 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.6 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.6 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 46 % Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.395 0.429 per kg - UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.23 1.33 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.24 1.35 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 302 327 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 342 372 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 220 239 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0 0 % - Vitamin A 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 2 2.2 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin C 0 0 mg/kg -