Dry matter 97.1 100 % - 0.9 94.5 -98.8 137 1.3 Crude protein 10.9 11.3 % - 2.6 6.7 -17.5 185 2.7 6.9 -18.3 134 Crude fibre 0 0 % - 0 -0.2 4 0 -0.1 2 Ash 9.7 10 % - 2.4 3.3 -14.2 146 2.5 4.1 -14.1 117 NDF 0 0 % - ADF 0 0 % - Lignin 0 0 % - Starch 0 0 % - Lactose 64.3 66.2 % - 5.8 37.8 -75.9 94 5.9 51.5 -78.3 79 Gross energy (kcal) 3660 3770 kcal/kg - 160 3210 -4330 6 160 3420 -3870 6 Calcium 11.2 11.5 g/kg - 3.3 2.7 -20.1 63 3.4 3.3 -20.9 57 Phosphorus 8.4 8.7 g/kg - 1.3 3.8 -11.1 66 1.3 4.6 -11.5 64 Magnesium 1.5 1.5 g/kg - 1 Potassium 20.4 21 g/kg - 1 1 Sodium 6.84 7.05 g/kg - 1.44 2.1 -9.93 63 1.48 2.17 -10.14 59 Chlorine 16.3 16.8 g/kg - 5.2 1.5 -33.8 59 5.3 1.5 -35.1 53 Sulfur 4.7 4.8 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 67 69 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 361 372 mEq/kg - Manganese 0.6 0.6 mg/kg - 1 Zinc 20 20 mg/kg - 1 Copper 2 2 mg/kg - 1 1 Iron 10 10 mg/kg - 1 1 Selenium 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - Molybdenum 5 5 mg/kg - Lysine 8.2 8.4 g/kg 7.5 g/16g N 2 4.2 -13 48 2 4.4 -13.3 14 0.6 4.8-9.2 48 Threonine 6.1 6.2 g/kg 5.5 g/16g N 1.4 3.5 -10.2 48 1.4 3.7 -10.5 14 0.6 3.7-6.7 48 Methionine 1.6 1.7 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 0.6 0.7 -3.3 47 0.6 0.7 -3.5 13 0.3 0.8-2.7 47 Cystine 1.9 2 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 0.6 0.8 -3.3 45 0.7 0.8 -3.4 11 0.3 0.9-2.2 45 Methionine + cystine 3.6 3.7 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 1 1.5 -5.3 45 1.1 1.6 -5.4 11 0.4 1.8-4.3 45 Tryptophan 1.5 1.6 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.1 1.3-1.9 39 Isoleucine 5.7 5.9 g/kg 5.3 g/16g N 1.3 3.5 -8.5 48 1.3 3.7 -9 14 0.6 3.8-7.5 48 Valine 5.4 5.6 g/kg 5 g/16g N 1.3 3.2 -8.6 48 1.4 3.3 -9.1 14 0.5 3.6-6.4 48 Leucine 8.9 9.2 g/kg 8.2 g/16g N 2.5 4.4 -14.4 48 2.5 4.6 -14.8 14 0.8 5-10 48 Phenylalanine 3.1 3.1 g/kg 2.8 g/16g N 0.9 1.8 -5.8 48 0.9 1.9 -5.6 14 0.4 2.1-4.9 48 Tyrosine 1.6 1.7 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 0.7 1.1 -3.7 19 1.1 -2 3 0.4 1.3-2.9 19 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 4.7 4.8 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1.2 2.9 -7.8 19 3 -5.7 3 0.6 3.3-6 19 Histidine 2.1 2.2 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N 0.6 1.3 -3 40 0.6 1.4 -3.1 6 0.2 1.5-2.5 40 Arginine 2.3 2.4 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N 0.8 1.4 -4.1 48 0.8 1.5 -4.3 14 0.4 1.5-3.3 48 Alanine 4.5 4.6 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 1.4 2.7 -8.5 46 1.4 2.8 -8.7 12 0.5 3.1-5.3 46 Aspartic acid 9.6 9.9 g/kg 8.8 g/16g N 2.6 5.2 -15.8 47 2.6 5.4 -16.2 13 0.8 5.9-10.6 47 Glutamic acid 16.5 16.9 g/kg 15.1 g/16g N 3.5 11.3 -26.1 47 3.6 11.8 -26.1 13 1.3 12.9-22.1 47 Glycine 2 2.1 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N 0.5 1.5 -3.2 47 0.5 1.6 -3.3 13 0.1 1.4-2.2 47 Serine 4.7 4.8 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1.1 3 -7.7 47 1.2 3.1 -7.9 13 0.4 3.4-5.7 47 Proline 3.9 4 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N C12:0 lauric acid 0.5 0.5 g/kg 3.3 % FA 1 C14:0 myristic acid 1.7 1.7 g/kg 10.8 % FA 1 C16:0 palmitic acid 4.6 4.7 g/kg 29.3 % FA 1 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 2.7 % FA 1 C18:0 stearic acid 2 2.1 g/kg 12.8 % FA 1 C18:1 oleic acid 3.4 3.5 g/kg 21.7 % FA 1 C18:2 linoleic acid 0.6 0.6 g/kg 4 % FA 1 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 1 % FA 1 Fatty acids 1.6 1.6 % 95 % fat DE growing pig (kcal) 3560 3660 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 3450 3550 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2770 2860 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3560 3660 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3440 3550 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2750 2830 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 97.1 % OM digestibility growing pig - 98.9 % N digestibility growing pig - 95 % N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 81 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 88 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 97.1 % OM digestibility adult pig - 98.9 % N digestibility adult pig - 95 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 7.6 7.8 g/kg 90 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1980 2040 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 1980 2040 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 6 6 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 65 67 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 81 83 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2800 2890 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 91.3 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 94 % N digestibility ruminants - 73 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 95 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 66.2 % Absorbable P ruminants 7 7.2 g/kg 83 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 95 % Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 0 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 95 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.8 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.3 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE DE salmonids (kcal) 1850 1900 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 82.6 % 71.5-93.7 2 N digestibility salmonids - 84.3 % 72.5-96 2 Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 7.3 7.5 g/kg 89 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 5.2 5.3 g/kg 85 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.5 g/kg 92 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.8 g/kg 88 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 3.2 3.3 g/kg 90 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.3 1.4 g/kg 87 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 5.1 5.2 g/kg 88 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 4.7 4.9 g/kg 87 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 8.1 8.4 g/kg 91 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 2.8 2.8 g/kg 90 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.5 g/kg 90 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.4 g/kg 90 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2 g/kg 91 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 2.1 2.1 g/kg 88 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 3.8 3.9 g/kg 84 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 8.6 8.8 g/kg 89 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 15 15.5 g/kg 91 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.6 g/kg 75 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 3.8 3.9 g/kg 81 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 3.4 3.5 g/kg 87 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.7 7.9 g/kg 94 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.3 5.5 g/kg 88 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 1.6 g/kg 97 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 1.7 g/kg 86 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.3 3.3 g/kg 91 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.4 1.4 g/kg 90 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.2 5.3 g/kg 90 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.9 5 g/kg 90 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 8 8.3 g/kg 90 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.7 2.8 g/kg 90 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.5 1.5 g/kg 90 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.2 4.3 g/kg 90 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 1.9 g/kg 89 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 2.1 g/kg 89 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.2 4.3 g/kg 93 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 8.5 8.8 g/kg 89 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 14.5 14.9 g/kg 88 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 1.9 g/kg 90 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.2 g/kg 88 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 3.4 3.5 g/kg 86 % Gross energy (MJ) 15.3 15.8 MJ/kg - 0.7 13.4 -18.1 6 0.7 14.3 -16.2 6 Absorbable Ca ruminants 6.1 6.3 g/kg 55 % Ca UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.06 1.09 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.09 1.12 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 11 11 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 73 76 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -13 -14 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.04 1.08 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.07 1.1 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 13 14 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 75 77 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -14 -14 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1840 1890 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1880 1940 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2710 2790 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 92.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 87.7 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 87 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.1 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.7 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.6 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.5 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 11.4 11.7 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.7 7.9 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.9 8.1 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 89 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.01 1.04 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.03 1.06 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 18 18 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 78 81 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -18 -18 g/kg - Origin France, ex factory Phosphorus consumption 2.11 2.17 g P/kg - Origin France, ex factory Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 24.25 24.98 MJ/kg - Origin France, ex factory Climate change (ILCD) 1816 1870 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Acidification (ILCD) 0.0101 0.0104 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Eutrophication (CML baseline) 39.73 40.91 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0002 0.0002 m²yr/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.037 0.038 per kg - Crude fat 1.6 1.7 % - 0.5 0 -3.4 27 0.5 0 -2 26 Insoluble ash 0.5 0.5 % - Water insoluble cell walls 0 0 % - Total sugars 64.3 66.2 % - 45.9 -72.9 2 Phytate phosphorus 0 0 g/kg 0 % P C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0.6 0.6 g/kg 3.9 % FA 1 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.06 0.06 g/kg 0.4 % FA 1 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 1.1 % FA 1 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.8 % FA 1 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 7.6 7.8 g/kg 90 % Available P cockerel 7.1 7.4 g/kg 85 % P Available P broiler 7.1 7.4 g/kg 85 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.07 1.11 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.1 1.13 per kg - Immediately degradable N (a) - 90 % Potentially degradable N (b) - 10 % Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.05 h-1 DE rabbit (kcal) 3270 3370 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 3180 3270 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 89.3 % N digestibility rabbit - 59 % DE growing pig (MJ) 14.9 15.3 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 14.4 14.9 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 11.6 12 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 14.9 15.3 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 14.4 14.8 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 11.5 11.9 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 8.3 8.5 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 8.3 8.5 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11.7 12.1 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 13.7 14.1 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 13.3 13.7 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 7.7 8 MJ/kg - NDF digestibility ruminants - 0 % VEM CVB 2018 1074 1106 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1203 1239 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 76 78 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -17 -18 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 5.9 6.1 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.9 1.9 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 80.4 82.8 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.55 3.65 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.82 1.87 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.72 1.77 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.97 2.03 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.33 1.37 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 5 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 6 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7.6 7.8 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 142 146 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -5 -5 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0 0 % - 1 1 Vitamin A 0.3 0.3 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin E 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - Vitamin K 0 0 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 51.9 53.4 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 22.1 22.7 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 58.4 60.1 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 23.7 24.41 µg/kg - Niacin 12.6 13 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 56.2 57.9 mg/kg - Folic acid 0 0 mg/kg - Biotin 0.4 0.4 mg/kg - Vitamin C 15 15.4 mg/kg - Choline 2250 2317 mg/kg -