Dry matter 85.7 100 % - 1.1 83 -93 412 1 Crude protein 11 12.8 % - 1.5 8.7 -16.3 65 1.8 10.2 -17.9 63 Crude fibre 3.9 4.5 % - 1 1.8 -5.9 58 1.1 2 -6.9 58 Crude fat 2.6 3.1 % - 1.9 1 -7 46 2.2 1.2 -8.2 46 Ash 2.1 2.5 % - 0.3 1.4 -3.1 48 0.3 1.6 -3.5 49 NDF 10.9 12.8 % - 1.2 7.7 -11.3 5 ADF 4.6 5.3 % - Lignin 1.6 1.9 % - Water insoluble cell walls 21 24.5 % - Starch 52.7 61.5 % - 1.7 49.6 -58.4 54 1.8 57.9 -65.9 53 Total sugars 1.4 1.6 % - 1 1 Gross energy (kcal) 3850 4500 kcal/kg - Calcium 0.9 1 g/kg - 0.3 0.4 -1.2 5 0.5 -1.3 4 Phosphorus 2.9 3.4 g/kg - 0.6 2.8 -4.5 6 0.7 3.1 -5 5 Phytate phosphorus 1.6 1.9 g/kg 55 % P 1 Magnesium 0.9 1 g/kg - Potassium 3.7 4.3 g/kg - Sodium 0.07 0.08 g/kg - 1 1 Chlorine 0.7 0.8 g/kg - Sulfur 1.6 1.8 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference -19 -22 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 78 91 mEq/kg - Manganese 32 37 mg/kg - 1 Zinc 26 30 mg/kg - 1 Copper 3 3 mg/kg - Selenium 0.09 0.1 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.01 0.01 mg/kg - Molybdenum 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - Lysine 4.6 5.3 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 0.7 3.9 -6.4 6 0.8 4.5 -7 7 Threonine 3.8 4.5 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 0.2 3.3-4.1 7 Methionine 1.9 2.2 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 0.4 1.8 -3.1 7 0.5 2.2 -3.4 7 0.2 1.5-2.1 9 Cystine 3.4 4 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N 0.3 2.8-3.7 7 Methionine + cystine 5.4 6.3 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 0.4 4.4-5.4 6 Tryptophan 1.4 1.6 g/kg 1.2 g/16g N 1.2 -2.2 4 0.2 1.1-1.6 5 Isoleucine 4.2 4.9 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 0.3 3.3-4.4 7 Valine 5.8 6.8 g/kg 5.3 g/16g N 0.6 4.6-6.5 7 Leucine 8.1 9.4 g/kg 7.4 g/16g N 0.4 6.9-8 8 Phenylalanine 5.6 6.5 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N 0.3 4.5-5.5 7 Tyrosine 3.9 4.6 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 0.3 3-3.9 5 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 9.5 11.1 g/kg 8.7 g/16g N 8.1-9.4 4 Histidine 2.4 2.8 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N 0.1 2-2.4 7 Arginine 7.5 8.8 g/kg 6.9 g/16g N 1.5 8.5 -12.8 6 0.5 5.8-7.2 7 Alanine 5.2 6 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 0.3 4.3-5.1 7 Aspartic acid 9.5 11.1 g/kg 8.7 g/16g N Glutamic acid 19.4 22.6 g/kg 17.7 g/16g N Glycine 5.5 6.4 g/kg 5 g/16g N 0.3 4.5-5.2 7 Serine 5.3 6.2 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 0.3 4.6-5.4 7 Proline 6.8 7.9 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N 7.8 -10.4 4 C14:0 myristic acid 0.08 0.1 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.2-0.7 3 C16:0 palmitic acid 3.9 4.6 g/kg 16.5 % FA 1 1.3 14.9-18.9 8 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.05 0.06 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.1-0.3 3 C18:0 stearic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 1.2 % FA 0.3 0.7-1.8 8 C18:1 oleic acid 9.1 10.7 g/kg 38.6 % FA 1 2.9 35-43.4 8 C18:2 linoleic acid 9.7 11.3 g/kg 40.9 % FA 1 4.2 36.2-47 8 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 1.6 % FA 1 0.3 1-1.9 8 Fatty acids 2.4 2.8 % 90 % fat 4 86-95 5 Vitamin E 12.6 14.7 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 5.1 6 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 1.9 2.2 mg/kg - Folic acid 1 1.2 mg/kg - Biotin 0.8 0.9 mg/kg - Choline 571 666 mg/kg - Viscosity, real applied - 4.2 mL/g Phytase activity 40 40 IU/kg - 1 DE growing pig (kcal) 3230 3770 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (kcal) 3130 3650 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2400 2800 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3300 3850 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3170 3700 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2440 2840 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 83.9 % 1 OM digestibility growing pig - 86.5 % N digestibility growing pig - 90.1 % 1 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 79 % 1 Crude fat digestibility pig - 50.9 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 85.7 % OM digestibility adult pig - 88.1 % N digestibility adult pig - 93.8 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.9 1.1 g/kg 32 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2800 3270 kcal/kg - 1 1 AMEn broiler (kcal) 2670 3110 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 0.6 0.7 g/kg 21 % P PDIA INRA 2007 20 23 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 69 81 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 78 91 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2630 3070 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 81.9 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 84.4 % 1 N digestibility ruminants - 68.3 % 1 N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 71.6 % Absorbable P ruminants 2.2 2.6 g/kg 75 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 81 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 63 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 29 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.1 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 93 % Immediately degradable starch (a) - 67 % 1 Potentially degradable starch (b) - 33 % 1 Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.215 h-1 1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.1 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.8 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.2 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 83.8 % Energy digestibility horse - 80.6 % Horse Forage Unit 1.01 1.18 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 77 90 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3040 3550 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 2940 3430 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 79 % N digestibility rabbit - 72.8 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 3.6 4.2 g/kg 79 % 1 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.6 g/kg 80 % 1 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.6 1.9 g/kg 85 % 1 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.9 3.4 g/kg 85 % 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.5 5.3 g/kg 85 % 1 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.3 g/kg 82 % 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 3.4 4 g/kg 83 % 1 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 4.7 5.5 g/kg 81 % 1 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 6.7 7.8 g/kg 83 % 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.6 5.4 g/kg 83 % 1 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.3 3.9 g/kg 85 % 1 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 8 9.3 g/kg 84 % 1 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2.3 g/kg 83 % 1 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 6.5 7.6 g/kg 86 % 1 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 4 4.6 g/kg 77 % 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 7.9 9.2 g/kg 83 % 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 16.9 19.7 g/kg 87 % 1 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 4.4 5.1 g/kg 80 % 1 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 4.5 5.3 g/kg 85 % 1 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.8 g/kg 90 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.1 3.6 g/kg 80 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 2.1 g/kg 92 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.9 g/kg 73 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 5 g/kg 80 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 1.3 g/kg 79 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.8 4.4 g/kg 90 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.1 5.9 g/kg 88 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.3 8.5 g/kg 90 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.2 6.1 g/kg 93 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.4 3.9 g/kg 86 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.6 10 g/kg 90 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 2.4 g/kg 89 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.8 7.9 g/kg 90 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.4 5.1 g/kg 85 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 7.8 9.1 g/kg 82 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 17 19.9 g/kg 88 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 5.2 g/kg 82 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.4 5.1 g/kg 82 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 5.4 6.3 g/kg 79 % Gross energy (MJ) 16.1 18.8 MJ/kg - Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.5 0.6 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.01 1.18 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.02 1.19 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 19 22 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 70 82 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -5 -6 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1 1.16 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1 1.16 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 22 25 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 71 83 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -6 -7 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1750 2040 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1750 2050 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2640 3080 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 83 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 80.5 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 77 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 88 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.9 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.7 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.3 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 11.1 12.9 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.3 8.6 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.4 8.6 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 75 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.96 1.12 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.95 1.11 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 26 30 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 74 86 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -8 -10 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.126 0.147 per kg - Insoluble ash 1 1.2 % - Iron 94 109 mg/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.02 0.03 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.09-0.1 2 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.8-0.8 2 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0.01 0.02 g/kg 0.06 % FA 0.04-0.07 2 C22:1 erucic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.07 % FA 0.05-0.08 2 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.06 0.06 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.2-0.3 2 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.4 1.6 g/kg 48 % Available P broiler 0.6 0.7 g/kg 21 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.98 1.14 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.97 1.13 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 2030 2360 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 52.6 % N digestibility salmonids - 81.6 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 5.8 6.7 g/kg 85 % DE growing pig (MJ) 13.5 15.8 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (MJ) 13.1 15.3 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 10 11.7 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 13.8 16.1 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 13.3 15.5 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 10.2 11.9 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 11.7 13.7 MJ/kg - 1 1 AMEn broiler (MJ) 11.2 13 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11 12.8 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 12.7 14.9 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 12.3 14.3 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 8.5 9.9 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 976 1138 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1058 1235 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 68 80 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -6 -8 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 4.7 5.5 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.6 1.9 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 73.4 85.6 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.23 3.76 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.67 1.95 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.58 1.84 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.8 2.1 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.23 1.43 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 18 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 20 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.9 8.1 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 138 162 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -5 -5 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 50 58.3 % - 1 Vitamin A 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin K 0.5 0.6 mg/kg -