Dry matter 78.5 100 % - 10.1 60.7 -92.5 15 18.2 Crude protein 9.1 11.6 % - 2.4 5.1 -14.9 15 2.7 8.2 -17.9 15 Crude fibre 16.8 21.4 % - 4 9.6 -25.5 10 4.3 15.5 -28.5 10 Crude fat 27.1 34.5 % - 6.9 20.2 -30.1 5 7.6 28.8 -47.7 5 Ash 4.6 5.8 % - 1.5 2.7 -7.4 15 1.8 3.4 -8.8 15 NDF 43.2 55 % - ADF 33.2 42.3 % - Lignin 19.2 24.4 % - Starch 0 0 % - Total sugars 3.4 4.3 % - Gross energy (kcal) 4750 6060 kcal/kg - Calcium 8.8 11.2 g/kg - 5.4 -12.7 4 6 -14.9 4 Phosphorus 1.1 1.4 g/kg - 0.8 -1.3 4 0.9 -1.6 4 Lysine 0.8 1 g/kg 0.9 g/16g N 0.8-0.9 2 Threonine 5.7 7.2 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N 5.5-6.9 2 Methionine 1.3 1.7 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 1.3-1.6 2 Cystine 1 1.3 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N 1.1-1.1 2 Methionine + cystine 2.3 3 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N Tryptophan 0.9 1.2 g/kg 1 g/16g N Isoleucine 5.6 7.1 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 6-6.2 2 Valine 6.1 7.8 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N 6.7-6.7 2 Leucine 9.5 12.2 g/kg 10.5 g/16g N 10.4-10.5 2 Phenylalanine 5.2 6.7 g/kg 5.8 g/16g N 5.7-5.8 2 Tyrosine 2.9 3.7 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 3.1-3.2 2 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 8.1 10.4 g/kg 8.9 g/16g N Histidine 1.5 1.9 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 1.6-1.7 2 Arginine 6.5 8.3 g/kg 7.1 g/16g N 7.1-7.1 2 Alanine 5.2 6.6 g/kg 5.7 g/16g N 5.6-5.8 2 Aspartic acid 11.3 14.4 g/kg 12.4 g/16g N 12.1-12.6 2 Glutamic acid 11.9 15.2 g/kg 13.1 g/16g N 10.3-15.8 2 Glycine 5.6 7.1 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 6.1-6.1 2 Serine 6.8 8.6 g/kg 7.4 g/16g N 7.3-7.5 2 Proline 1.6 2 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 1.6-1.9 2 C16:0 palmitic acid 22.7 28.9 g/kg 10.5 % FA 7.9-16.5 4 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 2.3 2.9 g/kg 1.1 % FA 0.3-1.8 2 C18:0 stearic acid 6.2 7.9 g/kg 2.9 % FA 2.2-3.5 4 C18:1 oleic acid 159 203 g/kg 73.6 % FA 66.4-79.6 4 C18:2 linoleic acid 24.9 31.8 g/kg 11.5 % FA 6.1-16.4 4 C18:3 linolenic acid 2.1 2.7 g/kg 1 % FA 0.7-1.6 4 Fatty acids 21.7 27.6 % 80 % fat DE growing pig (kcal) 2660 3390 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 2570 3280 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2150 2740 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 2870 3660 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2740 3490 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2240 2850 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 55.9 % OM digestibility growing pig - 59.3 % N digestibility growing pig - 53.7 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 76.8 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 60.5 % OM digestibility adult pig - 65.1 % N digestibility adult pig - 67.9 % PDIA INRA 2007 30 39 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 48 61 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 28 36 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 1660 2110 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 42.7 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 40.5 % N digestibility ruminants - 45 % 27.1 13.4-76.5 6 N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 50 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 78.5 % Absorbable P ruminants 0.7 0.9 g/kg 68 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 40 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 14 % 14-31 3 Potentially degradable N (b) - 45 % 45-51 3 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.08 h-1 0.061-0.143 3 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 35 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.3 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.6 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 10.8 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.8 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 62.7 % Energy digestibility horse - 60.6 % Horse Forage Unit 0.83 1.06 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 36 46 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2750 3500 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 2700 3450 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 57.8 % N digestibility rabbit - 29.3 % Gross energy (MJ) 19.9 25.4 MJ/kg - Absorbable Ca ruminants 4.8 6.1 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 50 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.58 0.73 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.46 0.58 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 26 33 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 53 68 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -14 -18 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.54 0.69 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.42 0.54 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 27 34 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 54 68 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -16 -20 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 960 1220 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 740 950 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1650 2100 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 39.1 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 41.3 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 41 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.8 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.9 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.1 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 9.7 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.8 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.5 9.5 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 4.4 5.6 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 3.5 4.5 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 34 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.49 0.62 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.36 0.46 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 29 37 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 55 70 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -19 -24 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.408 0.52 per kg - C14:0 myristic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0-0 2 Insoluble ash 0.2 0.3 % - Water insoluble cell walls 42.5 54.2 % - Phytate phosphorus 0.6 0.8 g/kg 60 % P Magnesium 0.6 0.8 g/kg - Potassium 6.6 8.4 g/kg - Sodium 0.08 0.1 g/kg - Chlorine 3.1 4 g/kg - Electrolyte balance 84 107 mEq/kg - Manganese 26 33 mg/kg - Zinc 20 25 mg/kg - Copper 20 26 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0-0 2 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 1 1.3 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.4-0.5 4 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.8 1 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.3-0.4 2 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.1-0.2 2 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.3 0.4 g/kg 30 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.5 0.6 g/kg 45 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2690 3430 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 2420 3080 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 0.3 0.3 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.3 0.3 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.54 0.68 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.41 0.53 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 2980 3800 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 62.8 % N digestibility salmonids - 80.8 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 0.6 g/kg 58 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 3.4 4.3 g/kg 60 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.2 g/kg 74 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.7 g/kg 55 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.9 g/kg 66 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 0.7 g/kg 61 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 3.9 4.9 g/kg 70 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 4.1 5.2 g/kg 66 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 6.8 8.7 g/kg 71 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 3.9 4.9 g/kg 74 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 2 2.6 g/kg 70 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 5.9 7.5 g/kg 73 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.3 g/kg 68 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 5.2 6.6 g/kg 80 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 3.3 4.2 g/kg 63 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 7.6 9.7 g/kg 67 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 9.1 11.6 g/kg 77 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 2.9 3.7 g/kg 53 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 4.4 5.6 g/kg 65 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.3 g/kg 66 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.7 g/kg 67 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.6 4.6 g/kg 63 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.3 g/kg 75 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 0.8 g/kg 64 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 2.1 g/kg 70 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 0.8 g/kg 68 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4 5.1 g/kg 71 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.2 5.4 g/kg 69 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.6 8.5 g/kg 70 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.8 4.8 g/kg 72 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2.4 g/kg 65 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.7 7.2 g/kg 70 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.3 g/kg 68 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.7 6 g/kg 72 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.6 4.6 g/kg 69 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 7.4 9.5 g/kg 66 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 8.7 11.1 g/kg 73 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.5 4.5 g/kg 64 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.6 5.8 g/kg 68 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 1.4 g/kg 70 % DE growing pig (MJ) 11.1 14.2 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 10.8 13.7 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 9 11.5 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 12 15.3 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 11.5 14.6 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 9.4 11.9 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 11.3 14.4 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 10.1 12.9 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 6.9 8.8 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 11.5 14.7 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 11.3 14.4 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 12.5 15.9 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 536 683 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 453 578 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 -7 -9 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 35 45 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 -1.8 -2.3 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 0.1 0.2 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 56.6 72.1 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 2.45 3.13 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.39 1.78 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.32 1.68 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.3 1.66 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.83 1.05 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 58 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 62 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 3.8 4.8 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 111 141 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -3 -4 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0 0 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -