Dry matter
78.5
100
%
-
10.1
60.7 -92.5
15
18.2
Crude protein
9.1
11.6
%
-
2.4
5.1 -14.9
15
2.7
8.2 -17.9
15
Crude fibre
16.8
21.4
%
-
4
9.6 -25.5
10
4.3
15.5 -28.5
10
Crude fat
27.1
34.5
%
-
6.9
20.2 -30.1
5
7.6
28.8 -47.7
5
Ash
4.6
5.8
%
-
1.5
2.7 -7.4
15
1.8
3.4 -8.8
15
NDF
43.2
55
%
-
ADF
33.2
42.3
%
-
Lignin
19.2
24.4
%
-
Starch
0
0
%
-
Total sugars
3.4
4.3
%
-
Gross energy (kcal)
4750
6060
kcal/kg
-
Calcium
8.8
11.2
g/kg
-
5.4 -12.7
4
6 -14.9
4
Phosphorus
1.1
1.4
g/kg
-
0.8 -1.3
4
0.9 -1.6
4
Lysine
0.8
1
g/kg
0.9
g/16g N
0.8-0.9
2
Threonine
5.7
7.2
g/kg
6.2
g/16g N
5.5-6.9
2
Methionine
1.3
1.7
g/kg
1.5
g/16g N
1.3-1.6
2
Cystine
1
1.3
g/kg
1.1
g/16g N
1.1-1.1
2
Methionine + cystine
2.3
3
g/kg
2.6
g/16g N
Tryptophan
0.9
1.2
g/kg
1
g/16g N
Isoleucine
5.6
7.1
g/kg
6.1
g/16g N
6-6.2
2
Valine
6.1
7.8
g/kg
6.7
g/16g N
6.7-6.7
2
Leucine
9.5
12.2
g/kg
10.5
g/16g N
10.4-10.5
2
Phenylalanine
5.2
6.7
g/kg
5.8
g/16g N
5.7-5.8
2
Tyrosine
2.9
3.7
g/kg
3.2
g/16g N
3.1-3.2
2
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
8.1
10.4
g/kg
8.9
g/16g N
Histidine
1.5
1.9
g/kg
1.7
g/16g N
1.6-1.7
2
Arginine
6.5
8.3
g/kg
7.1
g/16g N
7.1-7.1
2
Alanine
5.2
6.6
g/kg
5.7
g/16g N
5.6-5.8
2
Aspartic acid
11.3
14.4
g/kg
12.4
g/16g N
12.1-12.6
2
Glutamic acid
11.9
15.2
g/kg
13.1
g/16g N
10.3-15.8
2
Glycine
5.6
7.1
g/kg
6.1
g/16g N
6.1-6.1
2
Serine
6.8
8.6
g/kg
7.4
g/16g N
7.3-7.5
2
Proline
1.6
2
g/kg
1.8
g/16g N
1.6-1.9
2
C16:0 palmitic acid
22.7
28.9
g/kg
10.5
% FA
7.9-16.5
4
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
2.3
2.9
g/kg
1.1
% FA
0.3-1.8
2
C18:0 stearic acid
6.2
7.9
g/kg
2.9
% FA
2.2-3.5
4
C18:1 oleic acid
159
203
g/kg
73.6
% FA
66.4-79.6
4
C18:2 linoleic acid
24.9
31.8
g/kg
11.5
% FA
6.1-16.4
4
C18:3 linolenic acid
2.1
2.7
g/kg
1
% FA
0.7-1.6
4
Fatty acids
21.7
27.6
%
80
% fat
DE growing pig (kcal)
2660
3390
kcal/kg
-
ME growing pig (kcal)
2570
3280
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
2150
2740
kcal/kg
-
DE adult pig (kcal)
2870
3660
kcal/kg
-
ME adult pig (kcal)
2740
3490
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
2240
2850
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
55.9
%
OM digestibility growing pig
-
59.3
%
N digestibility growing pig
-
53.7
%
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
76.8
%
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
60.5
%
OM digestibility adult pig
-
65.1
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
67.9
%
PDIA INRA 2007
30
39
g/kg
-
PDIN INRA 2007
48
61
g/kg
-
PDIE INRA 2007
28
36
g/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
1660
2110
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
42.7
%
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
40.5
%
N digestibility ruminants
-
45
%
27.1
13.4-76.5
6
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
50
%
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
78.5
%
Absorbable P ruminants
0.7
0.9
g/kg
68
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
40
%
Immediately degradable N (a)
-
14
%
14-31
3
Potentially degradable N (b)
-
45
%
45-51
3
Degradation rate of particles N (c)
-
0.08
h-1
0.061-0.143
3
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
80
%
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
35
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.1
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.9
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
1.3
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
6
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
6.6
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
10.8
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.9
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
1.9
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.8
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
62.7
%
Energy digestibility horse
-
60.6
%
Horse Forage Unit
0.83
1.06
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
36
46
g/kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
2750
3500
kcal/kg
-
ME rabbit (kcal)
2700
3450
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
57.8
%
N digestibility rabbit
-
29.3
%
Gross energy (MJ)
19.9
25.4
MJ/kg
-
Absorbable Ca ruminants
4.8
6.1
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
50
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
0.58
0.73
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
0.46
0.58
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
26
33
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
53
68
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
-14
-18
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
0.54
0.69
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
0.42
0.54
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
27
34
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
54
68
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
-16
-20
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
960
1220
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
740
950
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1650
2100
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
39.1
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
41.3
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
41
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
82
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.7
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.8
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
1.8
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.9
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
6.1
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
9.7
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.5
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
1.8
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.3
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
7.5
9.5
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
4.4
5.6
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
3.5
4.5
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
34
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
0.49
0.62
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
0.36
0.46
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
29
37
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
55
70
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
-19
-24
g/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.408
0.52
per kg
-
C14:0 myristic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
0-0
2
Insoluble ash
0.2
0.3
%
-
Water insoluble cell walls
42.5
54.2
%
-
Phytate phosphorus
0.6
0.8
g/kg
60
% P
Magnesium
0.6
0.8
g/kg
-
Potassium
6.6
8.4
g/kg
-
Sodium
0.08
0.1
g/kg
-
Chlorine
3.1
4
g/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
84
107
mEq/kg
-
Manganese
26
33
mg/kg
-
Zinc
20
25
mg/kg
-
Copper
20
26
mg/kg
-
Cobalt
0.3
0.4
mg/kg
-
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C12:0 lauric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
0-0
2
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:0 arachidic acid
1
1.3
g/kg
0.5
% FA
0.4-0.5
4
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0.8
1
g/kg
0.4
% FA
0.3-0.4
2
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:0 behenic acid
0.3
0.3
g/kg
0.1
% FA
0.1-0.2
2
C22:1 erucic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
0.3
0.4
g/kg
30
%
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
0.5
0.6
g/kg
45
%
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
2690
3430
kcal/kg
-
AMEn broiler (kcal)
2420
3080
kcal/kg
-
Available P cockerel
0.3
0.3
g/kg
25
% P
Available P broiler
0.3
0.3
g/kg
25
% P
UFL INRA 2007
0.54
0.68
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2007
0.41
0.53
per kg
-
DE salmonids (kcal)
2980
3800
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
62.8
%
N digestibility salmonids
-
80.8
%
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
0.4
0.6
g/kg
58
%
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
3.4
4.3
g/kg
60
%
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
1
1.2
g/kg
74
%
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
0.5
0.7
g/kg
55
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
1.5
1.9
g/kg
66
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
0.6
0.7
g/kg
61
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
3.9
4.9
g/kg
70
%
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
4.1
5.2
g/kg
66
%
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
6.8
8.7
g/kg
71
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
3.9
4.9
g/kg
74
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
2
2.6
g/kg
70
%
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
5.9
7.5
g/kg
73
%
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
1
1.3
g/kg
68
%
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
5.2
6.6
g/kg
80
%
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
3.3
4.2
g/kg
63
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
7.6
9.7
g/kg
67
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
9.1
11.6
g/kg
77
%
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
2.9
3.7
g/kg
53
%
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
4.4
5.6
g/kg
65
%
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
1.1
1.3
g/kg
66
%
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
0.5
0.7
g/kg
67
%
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.6
4.6
g/kg
63
%
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
1
1.3
g/kg
75
%
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
0.6
0.8
g/kg
64
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.6
2.1
g/kg
70
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
0.6
0.8
g/kg
68
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
4
5.1
g/kg
71
%
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.2
5.4
g/kg
69
%
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.6
8.5
g/kg
70
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.8
4.8
g/kg
72
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.9
2.4
g/kg
65
%
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.7
7.2
g/kg
70
%
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
1
1.3
g/kg
68
%
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.7
6
g/kg
72
%
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.6
4.6
g/kg
69
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
7.4
9.5
g/kg
66
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
8.7
11.1
g/kg
73
%
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.5
4.5
g/kg
64
%
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.6
5.8
g/kg
68
%
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
1.1
1.4
g/kg
70
%
DE growing pig (MJ)
11.1
14.2
MJ/kg
-
ME growing pig (MJ)
10.8
13.7
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
9
11.5
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
12
15.3
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
11.5
14.6
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
9.4
11.9
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
11.3
14.4
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
10.1
12.9
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
6.9
8.8
MJ/kg
-
DE rabbit (MJ)
11.5
14.7
MJ/kg
-
ME rabbit (MJ)
11.3
14.4
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
12.5
15.9
MJ/kg
-
VEM CVB 2018
536
683
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
453
578
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
-7
-9
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
35
45
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
-1.8
-2.3
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
0.1
0.2
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
56.6
72.1
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
2.45
3.13
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.39
1.78
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
1.32
1.68
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.3
1.66
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
0.83
1.05
Mcal/kg
-
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
58
%
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
62
%
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
3.8
4.8
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
111
141
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
-3
-4
g/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
0
0
%
-
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-