Dry matter
88.5
100
%
-
1
85.3 -92.2
1269
1.6
Crude protein
14.8
16.7
%
-
0.7
13 -17.9
1501
0.8
14.6 -19.3
1275
Crude fibre
5.7
6.4
%
-
0.5
4.2 -7.8
993
0.6
4.8 -8.3
841
Crude fat
2.6
2.9
%
-
0.4
0.8 -3.7
293
0.4
0.9 -4.1
253
Ash
3.6
4.1
%
-
0.3
2.8 -5
728
0.3
3.2 -5.5
589
Insoluble ash
0.3
0.3
%
-
0.2 -0.3
2
0.2 -0.3
2
NDF
27.6
31.2
%
-
2.4
24 -36.7
92
2.7
27.5 -41.1
78
ADF
8
9.1
%
-
0.8
6.5 -10.5
92
0.9
7.4 -12
78
Lignin
2.6
3
%
-
0.5
1.9 -4.1
70
0.5
2.1 -4.6
57
Water insoluble cell walls
27
30.5
%
-
1.2
24.1 -28.3
15
1.4
27.4 -32.2
15
Starch
29.9
33.8
%
-
2.4
18.9 -36.4
1423
2.7
20.9 -41.4
1196
Total sugars
8.3
9.4
%
-
1
4.6 -10.8
116
1.1
5.2 -11.4
78
Gross energy (kcal)
4030
4550
kcal/kg
-
3880 -4080
3
4480 -4560
4
Calcium
1.2
1.4
g/kg
-
0.3
0.6 -2.1
171
0.3
0.7 -2.4
126
Phosphorus
7
7.9
g/kg
-
0.8
5.3 -9.4
201
0.9
6.1 -10.6
138
Phytate phosphorus
4.5
5.1
g/kg
65
% P
1
1
1
Magnesium
2.1
2.4
g/kg
-
1.8 -2.5
3
Potassium
10.2
11.6
g/kg
-
1.2
8.8 -12
8
Sodium
0.95
1.07
g/kg
-
0.56
0.25 -2.3
61
0.64
0.28 -2.63
24
Chlorine
1.4
1.6
g/kg
-
0.5
0.2 -1.9
8
Sulfur
2.2
2.5
g/kg
-
1
Dietary cation-anion difference
126
142
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
263
297
mEq/kg
-
Manganese
56
63
mg/kg
-
47 -65
2
Zinc
42
48
mg/kg
-
38 -47
2
Copper
7
8
mg/kg
-
6 -8
2
Iron
69
77
mg/kg
-
55 -82
2
Selenium
0
0
mg/kg
-
1
Cobalt
0
0
mg/kg
-
1
Lysine
4.9
5.5
g/kg
3.3
g/16g N
0.6
3.6 -5.9
19
0.7
4 -6.7
14
0.3
2.7-4
18
Threonine
4.9
5.6
g/kg
3.3
g/16g N
0.5
4.4 -5.8
8
0.1
3.1-3.4
8
Methionine
2.3
2.5
g/kg
1.5
g/16g N
0.2
2.1 -2.6
17
0.2
2.3 -2.9
13
0.1
1.4-1.7
17
Cystine
3.1
3.5
g/kg
2.1
g/16g N
0.2
2.6 -3.3
14
0.2
2.9 -3.7
11
0.09
1.9-2.2
14
Methionine + cystine
5.3
6
g/kg
3.6
g/16g N
0.3
4.8 -5.9
14
0.4
5.3 -6.7
11
0.2
3.3-3.9
14
Tryptophan
1.9
2.1
g/kg
1.3
g/16g N
0.5
1.6 -2.7
6
0.2
1.1-1.6
6
Isoleucine
4.9
5.6
g/kg
3.3
g/16g N
0.4
4.4 -5.6
7
Valine
7.4
8.4
g/kg
5
g/16g N
0.7
6.3 -8.1
7
Leucine
9.4
10.7
g/kg
6.4
g/16g N
0.9
8.1 -10.9
7
0.1
6-6.4
7
Phenylalanine
5.9
6.6
g/kg
4
g/16g N
0.6
5.1 -6.8
7
0.1
3.8-4.1
7
Tyrosine
3.9
4.5
g/kg
2.7
g/16g N
0.5
3.5 -4.7
6
0.2
2.4-2.8
6
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
9.8
11.1
g/kg
6.6
g/16g N
0.9
9 -11.5
6
0.2
6.3-6.8
6
Histidine
4.2
4.7
g/kg
2.8
g/16g N
Arginine
9.1
10.2
g/kg
6.1
g/16g N
1.1
6.4 -10.3
8
0.4
4.8-6.3
8
Alanine
7.1
8.1
g/kg
4.8
g/16g N
0.7
6.3 -8.4
8
Aspartic acid
9.9
11.1
g/kg
6.7
g/16g N
0.9
9 -11.3
8
0.3
6.1-6.9
8
Glutamic acid
30
33.9
g/kg
20.3
g/16g N
2.6
24.5 -32.5
7
Glycine
7.4
8.4
g/kg
5
g/16g N
0.6
6.4 -8
8
Serine
7.1
8
g/kg
4.8
g/16g N
0.5
5.8 -7.3
8
Proline
9.4
10.6
g/kg
6.3
g/16g N
0.3
6.3-7.2
6
C14:0 myristic acid
0.02
0.03
g/kg
0.1
% FA
0-0.3
4
C16:0 palmitic acid
3
3.4
g/kg
17.8
% FA
0.9
15.5-18.3
9
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0.07
0.08
g/kg
0.4
% FA
C18:0 stearic acid
0.1
0.2
g/kg
0.8
% FA
0.07
0.7-0.9
8
C18:1 oleic acid
2.5
2.9
g/kg
15.2
% FA
2.7
11.3-20.4
11
C18:2 linoleic acid
9.5
10.7
g/kg
56.4
% FA
C18:3 linolenic acid
1
1.1
g/kg
5.9
% FA
1
5.4-8.5
9
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0.2
0.2
g/kg
1.3
% FA
1
Fatty acids
1.7
1.9
%
65
% fat
Phytase activity
10
10
IU/kg
-
10 -10
2
1
DE growing pig (kcal)
2890
3270
kcal/kg
-
290
2650 -3320
5
ME growing pig (kcal)
2770
3120
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
1970
2230
kcal/kg
-
DE adult pig (kcal)
3050
3440
kcal/kg
-
1
ME adult pig (kcal)
2880
3250
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
2070
2340
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
71.8
%
6.4
58.5-72.9
5
OM digestibility growing pig
-
74.9
%
N digestibility growing pig
-
74.4
%
N digestibility ileal standardised pig
-
68
%
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
36.6
%
10-61.1
4
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
75.6
%
1
OM digestibility adult pig
-
78.5
%
1
N digestibility adult pig
-
80.6
%
1
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
2
2.2
g/kg
28
%
1
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
2220
2500
kcal/kg
-
AMEn broiler (kcal)
2160
2450
kcal/kg
-
PDIA INRA 2007
33
38
g/kg
-
PDIN INRA 2007
96
108
g/kg
-
PDIE INRA 2007
90
101
g/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
2660
3000
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
80.1
%
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
82.2
%
N digestibility ruminants
-
71.3
%
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
85
%
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
68.2
%
Absorbable P ruminants
4.7
5.4
g/kg
68
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
76
%
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
94
%
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
70
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
6.6
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
1.9
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.2
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.8
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
8.1
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.9
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.2
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
77
%
Energy digestibility horse
-
74.1
%
Horse Forage Unit
0.91
1.03
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
107
120
g/kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
2970
3360
kcal/kg
-
1
1
ME rabbit (kcal)
2850
3220
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
73.7
%
1
N digestibility rabbit
-
61.9
%
1
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
2.8
3.1
g/kg
57
%
46-58
2
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
3.3
3.7
g/kg
67
%
63-67
2
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
1.6
1.8
g/kg
72
%
67-72
2
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
2.2
2.5
g/kg
72
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
3.8
4.3
g/kg
72
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
1.2
1.4
g/kg
66
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
3.5
3.9
g/kg
70
%
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
4.9
5.5
g/kg
66
%
60-67
2
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
6.9
7.8
g/kg
73
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
4.5
5.1
g/kg
78
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
3.1
3.5
g/kg
78
%
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
7.6
8.6
g/kg
78
%
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
3.1
3.5
g/kg
73
%
71-74
2
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
7.2
8.2
g/kg
80
%
77-81
2
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
4.4
5
g/kg
62
%
54-64
2
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
6.6
7.5
g/kg
67
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
24.8
28
g/kg
83
%
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
4.7
5.3
g/kg
63
%
57-64
2
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
5.1
5.8
g/kg
72
%
Gross energy (MJ)
16.9
19.1
MJ/kg
-
16.2 -17.1
3
18.8 -19.1
4
Absorbable Ca ruminants
0.7
0.8
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
68
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
1.02
1.16
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
1.02
1.15
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
28
32
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
81
91
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
20
23
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
1
1.13
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
0.99
1.12
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
33
37
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
83
94
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
18
20
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1760
1990
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1750
1980
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2680
3030
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
80.8
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
78.8
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
74
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
88
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
6.4
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.9
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.8
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.7
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
8.1
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.9
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.4
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.1
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
10.9
12.3
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
7.1
8
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
7
7.9
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
66
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
0.96
1.09
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
0.95
1.07
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
39
45
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
89
101
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
11
13
g/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.203
0.23
per kg
-
Molybdenum
1
1
mg/kg
-
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C12:0 lauric acid
0.01
0.02
g/kg
0.08
% FA
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:0 arachidic acid
0.03
0.04
g/kg
0.2
% FA
0-1.9
3
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:0 behenic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:1 erucic acid
0.08
0.09
g/kg
0.5
% FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
2.9
3.3
g/kg
42
%
Available P cockerel
1.7
2
g/kg
25
% P
Available P broiler
1.7
2
g/kg
25
% P
UFL INRA 2007
0.98
1.1
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2007
0.96
1.08
per kg
-
DE salmonids (kcal)
2200
2490
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
54.6
%
N digestibility salmonids
-
83.4
%
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
7.2
8.1
g/kg
76
%
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.7
4.1
g/kg
76
%
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.5
4
g/kg
72
%
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.8
2.1
g/kg
81
%
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.1
2.4
g/kg
70
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
4
4.5
g/kg
74
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
1.4
1.6
g/kg
75
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.8
4.3
g/kg
78
%
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.6
6.4
g/kg
76
%
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.3
8.3
g/kg
78
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.6
5.2
g/kg
79
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
3
3.4
g/kg
75
%
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.6
8.6
g/kg
77
%
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.2
3.6
g/kg
76
%
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.2
8.1
g/kg
79
%
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.4
6.1
g/kg
76
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
7.2
8.1
g/kg
73
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
24.1
27.2
g/kg
80
%
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.4
6.1
g/kg
72
%
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.3
6
g/kg
75
%
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
7.2
8.1
g/kg
77
%
DE growing pig (MJ)
12.1
13.7
MJ/kg
-
ME growing pig (MJ)
11.6
13.1
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
8.3
9.3
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
12.7
14.4
MJ/kg
-
1
ME adult pig (MJ)
12.1
13.6
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
8.7
9.8
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
9.3
10.5
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
9.1
10.2
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
11.1
12.6
MJ/kg
-
DE rabbit (MJ)
12.4
14
MJ/kg
-
1
1
ME rabbit (MJ)
11.9
13.5
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
9.2
10.4
MJ/kg
-
VEM CVB 2018
977
1104
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
1048
1185
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
80
91
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
16
18
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
4.6
5.2
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
1.6
1.8
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
67
75.7
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
3.01
3.4
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.51
1.71
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
1.43
1.61
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.64
1.85
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.08
1.22
Mcal/kg
-
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
6.9
7.8
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
151
171
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
-0.5
-0.6
g/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Phosphorus consumption
1.78
2.01
g P/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear)
7.6
8.58
MJ/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Climate change (ILCD)
462
522
g CO2eq/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Acidification (ILCD)
0.007
0.0079
mol H+eq/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Eutrophication (CML baseline)
30.18
34.1
g PO4---eq/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Land competition (CML non baseline)
0.0002
0.0002
m²yr/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
29
32.7
%
-
1
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-