Dry matter 87.8 100 % - 1.3 79.1 -90.5 184 2.1 Crude protein 14.4 16.4 % - 1.4 10.2 -19.5 156 1.6 11.8 -21.5 176 Crude fibre 2.7 3 % - 0.5 2.1 -4.1 52 0.5 2.4 -4.6 52 Crude fat 1.8 2 % - 0.3 1.2 -2.8 35 0.3 1.3 -3.2 35 Ash 1.9 2.1 % - 0.3 1.4 -2.8 44 0.4 1.6 -3.2 68 NDF 13.9 15.9 % - ADF 3.6 4.2 % - 0.5 3.1 -4.3 5 Lignin 1.1 1.3 % - 0.6 -1.2 4 0.7 -1.4 4 Water insoluble cell walls 10.2 11.7 % - 10.1 -12.7 3 Starch 55.8 63.6 % - 3 48.1 -62.4 124 3.3 56.3 -70.1 118 Total sugars 2.8 3.2 % - 0.9 1.4 -3.8 12 1 1.7 -4.3 11 Gross energy (kcal) 3880 4420 kcal/kg - 1 Calcium 0.7 0.8 g/kg - 0.5 0.3 -1.6 15 0.5 0.3 -1.8 15 Phosphorus 3.4 3.9 g/kg - 0.5 3 -4.6 23 0.6 3.3 -5.3 23 Phytate phosphorus 2.2 2.5 g/kg 65 % P 11 32-98 114 Magnesium 1.1 1.2 g/kg - Potassium 4.3 4.9 g/kg - Sodium 0.1 0.11 g/kg - Chlorine 0.8 0.9 g/kg - Sulfur 1.4 1.6 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 3 4 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 92 105 mEq/kg - Manganese 31 35 mg/kg - Zinc 27 30 mg/kg - Copper 5 5 mg/kg - Iron 49 56 mg/kg - Selenium 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - Molybdenum 0.5 0.5 mg/kg - Iodine 0.06 0.07 mg/kg - Lysine 3.8 4.3 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N 4.3 -4.6 2 Threonine 4.3 4.8 g/kg 2.9 g/16g N 1 1 1 Methionine 2.3 2.6 g/kg 1.6 g/16g N Cystine 3.1 3.6 g/kg 2.2 g/16g N Methionine + cystine 5.4 6.2 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N Tryptophan 1.6 1.8 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N Isoleucine 5.2 5.9 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 1 1 1 Valine 6.2 7.1 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1 1 1 Leucine 9.8 11.1 g/kg 6.8 g/16g N 1 1 1 Phenylalanine 7 8 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 1 1 1 Tyrosine 4.6 5.2 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N Phenylalanine + tyrosine 11.6 13.2 g/kg 8.1 g/16g N Histidine 3.2 3.7 g/kg 2.2 g/16g N 1 1 1 Arginine 6.9 7.9 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 1 1 1 Alanine 5 5.6 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N 1 1 1 Aspartic acid 7.2 8.2 g/kg 5 g/16g N 1 1 1 Glutamic acid 44.5 50.7 g/kg 30.9 g/16g N 1 1 1 Glycine 5.7 6.5 g/kg 4 g/16g N 1 1 1 Serine 7.2 8.2 g/kg 5 g/16g N 1 1 1 Proline 15.2 17.3 g/kg 10.5 g/16g N C14:0 myristic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0-0.3 4 C16:0 palmitic acid 2.4 2.7 g/kg 17.8 % FA 0.9 15.5-18.3 9 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.05 0.06 g/kg 0.4 % FA C18:0 stearic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.07 0.7-0.9 8 C18:1 oleic acid 2 2.3 g/kg 15.2 % FA 2.7 11.3-20.4 11 C18:2 linoleic acid 7.5 8.6 g/kg 56.4 % FA C18:3 linolenic acid 0.8 0.9 g/kg 5.9 % FA 1 5.4-8.5 9 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1 Fatty acids 1.3 1.5 % 75 % fat Viscosity, real applied - 1.6 mL/g 1 DE growing pig (kcal) 3330 3790 kcal/kg - 1 ME growing pig (kcal) 3210 3660 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2470 2810 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3400 3870 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3260 3720 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2510 2850 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 85.7 % OM digestibility growing pig - 88.2 % N digestibility growing pig - 82.5 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 31.9 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 87.6 % OM digestibility adult pig - 89.8 % N digestibility adult pig - 85.5 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.5 1.7 g/kg 45 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2980 3390 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 2880 3280 kcal/kg - Available P broiler 2 2.2 g/kg 58 % P PDIA INRA 2007 35 40 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 96 109 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 97 111 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2760 3150 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 86 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 88.1 % N digestibility ruminants - 73.2 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 90 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 65.5 % Absorbable P ruminants 2.5 2.8 g/kg 73 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 76 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 27 % 10-33 4 Potentially degradable N (b) - 67 % 57-90 4 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.16 h-1 0.05-0.187 4 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 94 % Immediately degradable starch (a) - 58 % 1 Potentially degradable starch (b) - 42 % 1 Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.39 h-1 1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 52 % 21 11-66 5 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 42 % 22 29-84 5 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.12 h-1 0.034 0.04-0.125 6 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.3 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 87.4 % Energy digestibility horse - 84 % Horse Forage Unit 1.05 1.2 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 102 117 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3190 3630 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 3040 3470 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 82.1 % N digestibility rabbit - 76.7 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 3 3.5 g/kg 81 % 4 71-89 21 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 4 g/kg 83 % 5 69-91 23 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 2 2.3 g/kg 89 % 2 83-92 17 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.8 3.2 g/kg 91 % 2 85-93 17 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.9 5.5 g/kg 90 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.6 g/kg 88 % 3 83-92 12 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 4.6 5.3 g/kg 89 % 3 81-91 22 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 5.3 6 g/kg 86 % 4 75-92 21 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 8.7 10 g/kg 90 % 2 82-92 21 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 6.4 7.3 g/kg 91 % 2 88-93 17 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 4.1 4.7 g/kg 90 % 2 86-93 17 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 10.5 12 g/kg 91 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 2.9 3.3 g/kg 90 % 2 85-92 16 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 6.1 7 g/kg 88 % 3 81-94 21 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 3.9 4.5 g/kg 80 % 4 75-90 22 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 6 6.8 g/kg 83 % 4 72-87 20 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 42.5 48.4 g/kg 95 % 1 91-97 22 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 4.9 5.6 g/kg 86 % 4 76-90 16 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 6.5 7.3 g/kg 89 % 3 80-93 22 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 14.5 16.5 g/kg 95 % 1 94-96 5 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.1 3.5 g/kg 82 % 3 77-84 6 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.5 4 g/kg 82 % 5 74-85 6 Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.3 g/kg 89 % 6 78-92 6 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.7 3 g/kg 85 % 4 80-92 6 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.7 5.3 g/kg 87 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.4 1.6 g/kg 87 % 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.6 5.3 g/kg 89 % 5 77-91 6 Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.4 6.1 g/kg 87 % 2 82-88 6 Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.7 9.9 g/kg 89 % 2 87-91 6 Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.3 7.2 g/kg 90 % 5 86-99 6 Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.9 4.4 g/kg 85 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.2 11.6 g/kg 88 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.7 3.1 g/kg 83 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.8 6.6 g/kg 83 % 2 79-85 6 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.6 g/kg 82 % 4 74-84 5 Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 5.9 6.7 g/kg 82 % 9 62-84 5 Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 42.3 48.2 g/kg 95 % 1 93-97 5 Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.8 5.5 g/kg 84 % 2 79-84 5 Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.4 7.2 g/kg 88 % 4 80-89 6 Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 14.3 16.3 g/kg 94 % 93-96 4 Gross energy (MJ) 16.2 18.5 MJ/kg - 1 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.4 0.4 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.07 1.22 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.09 1.24 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 27 30 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 81 93 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 17 19 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.06 1.2 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.07 1.22 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 32 36 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 84 96 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 14 16 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1860 2120 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1890 2150 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2770 3160 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 86.7 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 84.6 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 76 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 90 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 11.5 13.1 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.7 8.8 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.8 8.9 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 77 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.02 1.16 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.03 1.17 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 39 44 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 90 102 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 9 10 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.129 0.147 per kg - Insoluble ash 0.04 0.05 % - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.08 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-1.9 3 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0.07 0.08 g/kg 0.5 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1 1.2 g/kg 30 % Available P cockerel 2 2.2 g/kg 58 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.04 1.18 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.04 1.18 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 3110 3540 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 80 % N digestibility salmonids - 83.3 % DE growing pig (MJ) 13.9 15.9 MJ/kg - 1 ME growing pig (MJ) 13.4 15.3 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 10.3 11.8 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 14.2 16.2 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 13.7 15.6 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 10.5 11.9 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 12.5 14.2 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 12.1 13.7 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11.6 13.2 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 13.3 15.2 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 12.7 14.5 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 13 14.8 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1036 1180 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1137 1295 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 91 103 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 5 6 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 5 5.7 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.8 2.1 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 74 84.3 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.3 3.76 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.71 1.95 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.61 1.84 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.84 2.1 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.26 1.43 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 22 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 27 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7.3 8.3 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 155 176 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -2 -2 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 60.6 69 % - 67.7 -70.3 2 Vitamin A 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin K 0.02 0.02 mg/kg -