Dry matter 89.2 100 % - 1.8 79.9 -93.4 650 2.8 Crude protein 49.3 55.3 % - 3.4 41 -55.6 781 3.7 45.5 -62.8 655 Crude fibre 6.8 7.6 % - 1.1 4 -9 694 1.3 4.5 -10.3 604 Crude fat 2.3 2.6 % - 1.5 0.2 -5 282 1.7 0.2 -5.7 266 Ash 6.3 7 % - 1 4.2 -9.8 296 1.1 4.6 -10.6 282 Insoluble ash 0.8 0.9 % - 0.8 0.1 -2.5 24 0.9 0.1 -2.8 24 NDF 16.6 18.6 % - 6.1 9.7 -33.3 28 6.9 10.7 -37.5 27 ADF 9.4 10.5 % - 2 5.3 -11.7 27 2.3 5.9 -14.8 25 Lignin 2.9 3.3 % - 1.1 0.4 -6.1 79 1.2 0.5 -6.7 77 Starch 6.9 7.7 % - 1.2 4.9 -11.3 53 1.4 5.5 -12 52 Total sugars 9.5 10.7 % - 1.3 7.3 -12.8 51 1.4 8.4 -14.4 51 Gross energy (kcal) 4320 4850 kcal/kg - 1 Calcium 1.7 1.9 g/kg - 0.7 0.1 -4.3 133 0.8 0.1 -4.8 135 Phosphorus 5.6 6.3 g/kg - 0.7 4 -7.7 136 0.7 4.6 -8.5 138 Phytate phosphorus 3.4 3.8 g/kg 60 % P 1 1 1 Magnesium 3 3.4 g/kg - 0.3 3.3 -4.3 11 Potassium 12.7 14.2 g/kg - 1.5 10.9 -15.6 14 1.6 12.1 -17.6 14 Sodium 0.18 0.21 g/kg - 0.1 -0.25 3 0.11 -0.28 2 Chlorine 0.9 1 g/kg - 1 1 Sulfur 3.1 3.5 g/kg - 1 Dietary cation-anion difference 112 126 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 307 344 mEq/kg - Manganese 45 50 mg/kg - 21 26 -93 10 23 29 -103 10 Zinc 56 63 mg/kg - 6 49 -64 9 6 54 -72 9 Copper 16 18 mg/kg - 2 12 -19 10 2 14 -21 10 Selenium 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - Molybdenum 2 2 mg/kg - Iodine 0.4 0.5 mg/kg - Lysine 16.2 18.1 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 2.5 12.1 -19.3 8 2.7 14.2 -21.6 6 0.5 2.4-3.5 7 Threonine 13.2 14.8 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N Methionine 4.9 5.5 g/kg 1 g/16g N 0.7 3.8 -5.7 7 0.7 4.3 -6.4 5 0.07 0.9-1 6 Cystine 3.9 4.4 g/kg 0.8 g/16g N 1.3 2.1 -5.4 5 2.4 -5.5 4 0.3 0.4-1.2 5 Methionine + cystine 8.8 9.9 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 1.4 6.8 -10.6 5 7.7 -9.8 4 0.3 1.3-2.1 5 Tryptophan 5.7 6.4 g/kg 1.2 g/16g N Isoleucine 15.8 17.8 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 1.3 13.8 -17.1 6 1.4 15.4 -19.2 5 0.2 2.9-3.4 6 Valine 19.1 21.4 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 2.4 15.8 -21.9 6 2.6 17.7 -24.5 5 0.3 3.3-4.2 6 Leucine 30.8 34.5 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N 2.7 24.6 -32.1 6 0.4 5.2-6.4 6 Phenylalanine 23.7 26.6 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 1.8 18.8 -25.4 6 0.4 4-5 6 Tyrosine 17.9 20.1 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 14.6 -19.9 4 16.3 -20.1 3 3.2-3.9 4 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 41.6 46.7 g/kg 8.4 g/16g N 33.4 -45.3 4 7.5-9 4 Histidine 11.1 12.4 g/kg 2.2 g/16g N 0.9 8.8 -11.5 6 0.2 1.8-2.4 6 Arginine 57 63.9 g/kg 11.6 g/16g N 0.7 10.1-11.8 5 Alanine 19.7 22.1 g/kg 4 g/16g N Aspartic acid 56.6 63.5 g/kg 11.5 g/16g N Glutamic acid 93.6 105 g/kg 19 g/16g N 10 72.5 -93.9 5 81.2 -106 4 Glycine 28 31.4 g/kg 5.7 g/16g N 2.5 22.1 -28.1 5 24.7 -31.4 4 Serine 23.5 26.4 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N Proline 17.6 19.8 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 2.7 14.6 -21.8 5 16.3 -24.4 4 0.2 3.5-4.1 5 C14:0 myristic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.04-0.2 2 C16:0 palmitic acid 1.8 2.1 g/kg 10.6 % FA 1.2 7.5-13.2 117 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.07-0.2 2 C18:0 stearic acid 0.6 0.6 g/kg 3.3 % FA 0.8 1.7-5.5 117 C18:1 oleic acid 8.4 9.5 g/kg 48.8 % FA 6.7 39.3-71.1 117 C18:2 linoleic acid 5 5.6 g/kg 29 % FA 4.9 17.7-36.9 117 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.02 0.03 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0-0.3 2 C20:0 arachidic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 1.6 % FA 0.4 0.5-2.5 117 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 1.2 % FA 0.3 0-2.1 117 C22:0 behenic acid 0.6 0.7 g/kg 3.4 % FA 0.8 0-5.9 117 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 1.7 % FA 0.3 0.5-2.5 116 Fatty acids 1.7 1.9 % 75 % fat Vitamin E 2.6 2.9 mg/kg - 1 Vitamin B1 thiamin 6.9 7.7 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 5 5.7 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 7.2 8 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 161 180 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 45.6 51.1 mg/kg - Folic acid 0.7 0.8 mg/kg - Biotin 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - Choline 1791 2009 mg/kg - DE growing pig (kcal) 3540 3970 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 3230 3620 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2010 2250 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3640 4080 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3310 3710 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2070 2320 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 81.9 % OM digestibility growing pig - 82.7 % N digestibility growing pig - 89.6 % 1 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 77 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 40.5 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 84.3 % OM digestibility adult pig - 85.2 % N digestibility adult pig - 90.8 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.7 1.9 g/kg 30 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2620 2940 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 2600 2910 kcal/kg - 1 Available P broiler 0.6 0.6 g/kg 10 % P PDIA INRA 2007 170 191 g/kg - 1 PDIN INRA 2007 350 392 g/kg - 1 PDIE INRA 2007 215 241 g/kg - 1 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2610 2920 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 81.6 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 80.7 % N digestibility ruminants - 78.9 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 94 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 68.4 % Absorbable P ruminants 3.7 4.2 g/kg 66 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 67 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 16 % Potentially degradable N (b) - 80 % Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.105 h-1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 63 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 23 % Potentially degradable DM (b) - 66 % Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.09 h-1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.3 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.3 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.8 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.3 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 85.6 % Energy digestibility horse - 82.3 % Horse Forage Unit 0.9 1.01 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 407 456 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3520 3940 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 3070 3440 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 81.4 % N digestibility rabbit - 76.1 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 14.2 15.9 g/kg 88 % 87-89 2 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 11.8 13.2 g/kg 89 % 87-91 2 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 4.5 5 g/kg 92 % 91-93 2 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 3.9 g/kg 88 % 3.4 -4.2 2 3.8 -4.7 2 86-89 2 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 7.6 8.5 g/kg 90 % 7.5 -7.8 2 8.4 -8.7 2 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 14.6 16.4 g/kg 92 % 12.5 -16 2 14.1 -17.9 2 91-94 2 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 17.5 19.7 g/kg 92 % 14.4 -20.3 2 16.1 -22.8 2 91-93 2 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 28.8 32.3 g/kg 94 % 22.7 -29 2 25.5 -32.5 2 92-95 2 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 22.5 25.2 g/kg 95 % 94-96 2 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 17 19.1 g/kg 95 % 95-96 2 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 39.5 44.3 g/kg 95 % 94-96 2 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 10 11.2 g/kg 90 % 89-92 2 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 55.1 61.8 g/kg 97 % 96-97 2 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 18.1 20.3 g/kg 92 % 90-93 2 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 52.6 58.9 g/kg 93 % 93-93 2 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 87.6 98.3 g/kg 94 % 93-94 2 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 22.9 25.7 g/kg 82 % 81-82 2 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 21.2 23.8 g/kg 90 % 90-90 2 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 16.4 18.3 g/kg 93 % 13.1 -20.8 2 14.7 -23.4 2 90-96 2 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.1 14.7 g/kg 81 % 1 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.6 11.9 g/kg 80 % 1 Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.4 4.9 g/kg 89 % 1 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.8 3.2 g/kg 72 % 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.9 7.7 g/kg 82 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 5 5.6 g/kg 87 % 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.8 15.4 g/kg 87 % 1 Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 16.8 18.8 g/kg 88 % 1 Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 26.8 30 g/kg 87 % 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 21.6 24.2 g/kg 91 % 1 Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 16.3 18.3 g/kg 91 % 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 37.9 42.5 g/kg 91 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 9 10 g/kg 81 % 1 Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 51.3 57.5 g/kg 90 % 1 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 16.6 18.6 g/kg 84 % 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 49.3 55.2 g/kg 87 % 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 83.3 93.4 g/kg 89 % 1 Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 21 23.6 g/kg 75 % 1 Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 19.7 22.1 g/kg 84 % 1 Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 15.3 17.2 g/kg 87 % 1 Gross energy (MJ) 18.1 20.3 MJ/kg - 1 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.9 1 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 71 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.01 1.14 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.99 1.11 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 121 136 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 169 189 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 277 311 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.99 1.11 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.96 1.08 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 144 162 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 190 213 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 256 287 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1740 1950 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1690 1900 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2690 3010 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 79.3 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 80.2 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 69 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.3 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 3.9 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.9 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.4 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.7 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 11.9 13.3 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.8 8.7 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.7 8.6 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 63 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.95 1.06 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.91 1.02 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 176 197 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 219 246 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 226 253 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.258 0.289 per kg - Water insoluble cell walls 15.9 17.8 % - 15.5 -16.4 2 C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0-0.2 2 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0.03 0.04 g/kg 0.2 % FA 1 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0.03 0.04 g/kg 0.2 % FA 1 C22:1 erucic acid 0.2 0.3 g/kg 1.3 % FA 0.7 0.3-2.6 9 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (with phytase) 2.5 2.8 g/kg 45 % Available P cockerel 0.6 0.6 g/kg 10 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.94 1.05 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.89 1 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 3200 3580 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 73.9 % N digestibility salmonids - 87.6 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 4.3 4.8 g/kg 75 % DE growing pig (MJ) 14.8 16.6 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 13.5 15.2 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 8.4 9.4 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 15.2 17.1 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 13.8 15.5 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 8.7 9.7 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 11 12.3 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 10.9 12.2 MJ/kg - 1 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 10.9 12.2 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 14.7 16.5 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 12.8 14.4 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 13.4 15 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 938 1051 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 978 1097 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 200 225 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 243 273 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.6 4.1 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.2 1.4 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 68.7 77 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.56 3.99 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.87 2.1 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.77 1.98 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.01 2.26 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.39 1.56 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 30 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 37 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.6 7.4 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 274 307 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 35 39 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 6 6.7 % - 1 1 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -