Dry matter 87.9 100 % - 1.6 84.9 -94.4 145 2.5 Crude protein 32 36.4 % - 1.8 26.9 -37.1 162 2 30.8 -41.5 143 Crude fibre 10 11.3 % - 1.3 6.9 -12.5 149 1.5 7.3 -14.3 132 Crude fat 3.4 3.9 % - 1.1 1.1 -5 72 1.3 1.2 -5.7 71 Ash 5.7 6.5 % - 0.4 4.5 -7.7 114 0.5 5 -8.5 113 Insoluble ash 0.8 0.9 % - 1 1 NDF 21.8 24.8 % - ADF 13.7 15.6 % - 9.5 -16.3 2 10.1 -18.3 2 Lignin 5.9 6.7 % - 1 3 -6.5 29 1.1 3.4 -7.5 29 Starch 8.2 9.4 % - 2 4.2 -10.7 27 2.3 4.8 -12.2 27 Total sugars 4.5 5.1 % - 0.5 3.2 -5.8 28 0.6 3.7 -6.8 28 Gross energy (kcal) 4090 4650 kcal/kg - Calcium 3.9 4.5 g/kg - 0.7 2.3 -6 40 0.8 2.6 -6.4 40 Phosphorus 8.8 10 g/kg - 1.5 6.1 -15.3 41 1.7 7 -17.2 41 Phytate phosphorus 5.7 6.5 g/kg 65 % P Sodium 0.93 1.06 g/kg - 0.6 -1.25 2 0.68 -1.44 2 Chlorine 0.3 0.4 g/kg - Sulfur 3.4 3.9 g/kg - Manganese 34 39 mg/kg - Zinc 58 66 mg/kg - Copper 16 18 mg/kg - Iron 144 164 mg/kg - Selenium 0.6 0.7 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - Molybdenum 1 1 mg/kg - Iodine 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - Lysine 12.6 14.3 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 11 -14.2 4 12.3 -15 4 Threonine 12.2 13.9 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 11 -14.3 4 12.3 -15.2 4 0.2 3.6-4 5 Methionine 6 6.8 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N 5.7 -7 2 6.4 -7.4 2 1.7-1.9 3 Cystine 5.9 6.7 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N 5.2 -6.6 3 5.8 -7.3 3 1.6-2 4 Methionine + cystine 11.9 13.6 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 1 1 1 Tryptophan 4.8 5.5 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 4.2 -5.4 2 4.7 -5.7 2 1.3-2 3 Isoleucine 13.7 15.5 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 11.2 -14 4 0.4 3.4-4.5 5 Valine 16.3 18.5 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N 13.9 -16.9 4 0.6 4.3-5.8 5 Leucine 19.1 21.7 g/kg 6 g/16g N 18 -22.8 4 20.2 -24.2 4 0.2 5.7-6.3 5 Phenylalanine 15.5 17.6 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 13.6 -17 3 15.3 -18.8 3 4.2-5.2 4 Tyrosine 7.7 8.8 g/kg 2.4 g/16g N Phenylalanine + tyrosine 23.3 26.4 g/kg 7.3 g/16g N 21 -24.7 2 23.5 -27.3 2 6.8-7.6 2 Histidine 8.6 9.7 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 7 -10.1 4 7.8 -11.2 4 0.4 2.2-3.1 5 Arginine 29.9 34.1 g/kg 9.4 g/16g N 26.1 -32.7 2 29.3 -34.6 2 Alanine 15 17.1 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 14.3 -17.6 2 16.1 -18.6 2 4.4-4.9 3 Aspartic acid 30.8 35.1 g/kg 9.6 g/16g N 27.2 -33.9 2 30.5 -35.9 2 Glutamic acid 64.1 72.9 g/kg 20 g/16g N 53 -64.9 2 16.4-21 3 Glycine 19 21.6 g/kg 5.9 g/16g N 17.8 -21.4 2 20 -22.7 2 5.5-6 3 Serine 15.1 17.2 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 13.9 -17 2 15.6 -18 2 Proline 11.8 13.5 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 3.6-4.1 3 C14:0 myristic acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.03 % FA 0.05 0-0.1 8 C16:0 palmitic acid 1.7 2 g/kg 5.6 % FA 0.8 4.2-7.7 17 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.02 0.03 g/kg 0.08 % FA 0.06 0-0.2 10 C18:0 stearic acid 1.4 1.5 g/kg 4.4 % FA 1.2 2.6-6.4 17 C18:1 oleic acid 6.2 7 g/kg 20.2 % FA 2.4 15.8-24.8 17 C18:2 linoleic acid 4.5 5.1 g/kg 14.7 % FA 2 10.2-17.8 17 C18:3 linolenic acid 16.4 18.7 g/kg 53.8 % FA 3.5 47.8-59.9 17 Fatty acids 3.1 3.5 % 90 % fat 2 87-91 5 Vitamin E 13.2 15 mg/kg - DE growing pig (kcal) 3140 3570 kcal/kg - 2480 -3370 2 ME growing pig (kcal) 2900 3290 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1850 2110 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3260 3710 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2970 3380 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1930 2200 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 76.8 % OM digestibility growing pig - 78.7 % N digestibility growing pig - 88.1 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 51.2 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 79.9 % OM digestibility adult pig - 81.7 % N digestibility adult pig - 90.4 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.1 1.2 g/kg 12 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2100 2390 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 137 156 g/kg - 1 1 PDIN INRA 2007 229 260 g/kg - 1 1 PDIE INRA 2007 179 204 g/kg - 1 1 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2420 2750 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 76.2 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 76.9 % N digestibility ruminants - 76.7 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 73.2 % Absorbable P ruminants 5.9 6.7 g/kg 67 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 55 % 1 Immediately degradable N (a) - 16 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 77 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.06 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 53 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 21 % Potentially degradable DM (b) - 60 % Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.07 h-1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.8 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.5 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.4 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.3 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 76.3 % Energy digestibility horse - 73.5 % Horse Forage Unit 0.78 0.89 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 248 282 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2890 3290 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME rabbit (kcal) 2600 2950 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 70.8 % 1 N digestibility rabbit - 76.6 % 72-86.4 2 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.4 11.9 g/kg 83 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.5 10.9 g/kg 78 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.3 6 g/kg 88 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4 4.5 g/kg 67 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.3 10.5 g/kg 78 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 3.8 4.4 g/kg 80 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.5 12 g/kg 77 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.6 14.3 g/kg 77 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.7 16.7 g/kg 77 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.9 13.6 g/kg 77 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 6 6.8 g/kg 77 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 17.9 20.4 g/kg 77 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.3 7.2 g/kg 74 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 22.2 25.2 g/kg 74 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.5 13.1 g/kg 77 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 22.8 25.9 g/kg 74 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 47.4 54 g/kg 74 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.2 16.2 g/kg 75 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 11 12.5 g/kg 73 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 9.1 10.4 g/kg 77 % Gross energy (MJ) 17.1 19.5 MJ/kg - Absorbable Ca ruminants 2.2 2.5 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 61 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.92 1.04 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.89 1.01 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 103 117 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 149 169 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 115 131 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.9 1.02 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.86 0.98 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 118 134 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 162 184 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 100 114 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1580 1790 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1510 1720 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2450 2790 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 75.5 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 74.9 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 57 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.4 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.5 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.5 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10.3 11.8 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.7 7.6 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.4 7.3 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 54 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.85 0.97 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.81 0.92 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 137 156 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 180 204 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 80 91 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.324 0.368 per kg - Water insoluble cell walls 21 23.9 % - Magnesium 4.6 5.2 g/kg - Potassium 9.9 11.3 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 74 84 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 286 325 mEq/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0 0-0 6 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C20:0 arachidic acid 0.05 0.06 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.1 0-0.3 13 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.09 % FA 0.09 0-0.2 10 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0-0 4 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0-0 2 C22:0 behenic acid 0.04 0.04 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.09 0-0.2 11 C22:1 erucic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.05 % FA 0.1 0-0.3 6 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0-0 3 C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0-0 3 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.06 % FA 0.05 0-0.1 9 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.6 1.8 g/kg 18 % AMEn broiler (kcal) 2070 2350 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 2.2 2.5 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 2.2 2.5 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.87 0.99 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.82 0.93 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 2670 3040 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 65.4 % N digestibility salmonids - 86.7 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 9.7 11.1 g/kg 78 % 9.3 -11.3 2 10.5 -11.9 2 75-80 2 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 8.9 10.1 g/kg 72 % 8.8 -10.3 2 9.9 -10.9 2 72-73 2 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 5.3 6 g/kg 88 % 4.9 -6.3 2 5.5 -6.7 2 85-90 2 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.4 5 g/kg 75 % 3.9 -4.6 2 74-76 2 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 9.7 11 g/kg 81 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 3.8 4.3 g/kg 80 % 3.1 -4.5 2 3.5 -4.8 2 75-84 2 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 10.8 12.3 g/kg 79 % 8.6 -11.4 2 76-82 2 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 12.6 14.3 g/kg 77 % 10.2 -13.6 2 11.5 -14.4 2 73-81 2 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 15.3 17.4 g/kg 80 % 14.5 -18.8 2 16.3 -19.9 2 78-82 2 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 13 14.8 g/kg 84 % 11.1 -14.6 2 12.4 -15.5 2 81-87 2 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 5.8 6.5 g/kg 74 % 70-79 2 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 18.8 21.4 g/kg 81 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 6.7 7.7 g/kg 79 % 6.3 -7.8 2 7.1 -8.2 2 79-79 2 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 26.3 29.9 g/kg 88 % 22.1 -29.7 2 24.8 -31.5 2 85-91 2 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 11.1 12.6 g/kg 74 % 9.9 -13.9 2 11.2 -14.7 2 69-79 2 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 24.6 28 g/kg 80 % 21.2 -27.8 2 23.8 -29.4 2 78-82 2 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 53 60.2 g/kg 83 % 42.5 -55.3 2 80-85 2 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 12.8 14.6 g/kg 68 % 11.4 -15.3 2 12.8 -16.3 2 64-72 2 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 11.4 13 g/kg 76 % 10.3 -13.1 2 11.6 -13.9 2 74-77 2 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 9.4 10.7 g/kg 79 % DE growing pig (MJ) 13.1 14.9 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 12.1 13.8 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 7.8 8.8 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 13.7 15.5 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 12.4 14.2 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 8.1 9.2 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 8.8 10 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 8.7 9.8 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 10.1 11.5 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 12.1 13.8 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME rabbit (MJ) 10.9 12.4 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 11.2 12.7 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 865 984 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 896 1020 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 165 187 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 92 105 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 4 4.6 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.6 1.8 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 67.1 76.3 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.25 3.7 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.68 1.91 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.59 1.81 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.81 2.06 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.23 1.4 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 43 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 50 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.1 7 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 239 272 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 13 15 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 1.2 1.4 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -