Dry matter 89.6 100 % - 1.8 81 -97.6 185 2.8 Crude protein 13.8 15.4 % - 1.4 8 -20 221 1.5 9.5 -19 184 Crude fibre 8.1 9 % - 1.5 5.1 -11 170 1.7 5.4 -12.6 154 Crude fat 16.6 18.6 % - 3.2 7 -32.8 122 3.5 8 -36.6 120 Ash 6.9 7.7 % - 1.4 2.8 -13.2 132 1.6 5.3 -14.8 97 Insoluble ash 1.5 1.6 % - 1.2 0.1 -5.8 182 1.3 0.1 -6.3 189 NDF 21.9 24.5 % - 3.9 12.3 -32.1 61 4.3 13.3 -35.3 108 ADF 10.3 11.5 % - 2.2 4.3 -16.3 57 2.4 4.9 -17.9 103 Lignin 3.7 4.1 % - 0.9 1.2 -5.7 54 1 1.4 -6 103 Water insoluble cell walls 23.2 25.9 % - Starch 22.2 24.8 % - 6.7 11 -43.7 173 7.4 12.3 -49.2 157 Total sugars 2.5 2.8 % - 1.9 0.01 -5.8 14 2.1 0.01 -6.5 14 Gross energy (kcal) 4680 5220 kcal/kg - 470 3880 -5490 17 510 4450 -6110 20 Calcium 0.6 0.7 g/kg - 0.4 0.1 -3.4 195 0.4 0.1 -3.7 213 Phosphorus 14.8 16.5 g/kg - 4.3 1.1 -20.9 208 4.8 1.2 -23 227 Phytate phosphorus 12.5 14 g/kg 85 % P Magnesium 7 7.8 g/kg - 1.6 1.7 -11.3 153 1.8 1.9 -12.3 167 Potassium 13.3 14.9 g/kg - 2.8 3.5 -19.2 149 3.1 3.8 -21 163 Sodium 0.18 0.2 g/kg - 0.15 0.06 -0.8 16 0.17 0.07 -0.87 27 Chlorine 0.8 0.9 g/kg - 1 0.2 0.2 -1.2 11 Sulfur 1.4 1.6 g/kg - 1 0.2 1.4 -1.9 11 Dietary cation-anion difference 238 266 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 327 365 mEq/kg - Manganese 190 213 mg/kg - 78 18 -400 21 87 19 -433 35 Zinc 61 68 mg/kg - 22 41 -152 24 24 44 -164 40 Copper 9 10 mg/kg - 14 3 -85 21 15 1 -94 34 Iron 111 124 mg/kg - 74 39 -230 12 83 38 -441 26 Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 0.08 0.08 -0.3 8 0.09 0.09 -0.3 8 Cobalt 0.4 0.4 mg/kg - 0.2 0.2 -0.7 6 0.2 0.2 -0.8 7 Molybdenum 2 2 mg/kg - 0.3 0.3 2 -3 10 Lysine 6.1 6.8 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 1.3 2.9 -9.1 35 1.5 3.2 -10.3 37 0.6 3.3-5.6 35 Threonine 5.1 5.7 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 1 2.9 -8.4 32 1.1 3.2 -9.2 34 0.5 2.5-4.5 32 Methionine 3 3.3 g/kg 2.2 g/16g N 0.7 2.1 -4.7 33 0.7 2.4 -5.2 35 0.3 1.4-2.9 33 Cystine 2 2.2 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.7 0.6 -3.3 28 0.7 0.7 -3.6 27 0.4 0.4-2.1 28 Methionine + cystine 4.9 5.5 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 0.9 3.1 -6.8 29 1 3.4 -7.4 28 0.4 2.6-4.5 29 Tryptophan 2.3 2.6 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 0.6 1.3 -3.5 27 0.6 1.5 -3.9 26 0.5 0.9-2.9 27 Isoleucine 7 7.8 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N 2 4.6 -11 30 2.2 4.9 -12.1 32 1.1 3.3-6.6 30 Valine 7.6 8.5 g/kg 5.5 g/16g N 1.3 4.5 -10.2 32 1.4 4.9 -11.4 34 0.4 4.7-6.3 32 Leucine 9.6 10.7 g/kg 7 g/16g N 1.3 6.3 -13.3 32 1.5 6.9 -14.6 34 0.6 5-8.2 32 Phenylalanine 6.4 7.1 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 1 4.1 -8.5 32 1.1 4.5 -9.3 34 0.4 3.6-5.2 32 Tyrosine 5.1 5.6 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 0.9 3.5 -7.3 32 1 3.7 -8 34 0.5 2.4-4.9 32 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 11.4 12.7 g/kg 8.3 g/16g N 1.8 7.9 -15.8 32 1.9 8.8 -17.3 34 0.8 6.4-9.7 32 Histidine 3.5 3.9 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N 0.9 1.7 -5.5 32 1 1.8 -6.2 34 0.4 1.9-3.6 32 Arginine 10.3 11.5 g/kg 7.5 g/16g N 3.4 3.1 -16.8 31 3.8 3.4 -18.4 33 1.8 3.6-9.8 31 Alanine 8.4 9.4 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 1.6 5.3 -13.2 32 1.8 5.8 -14.5 31 0.6 4.6-7.3 32 Aspartic acid 12.2 13.6 g/kg 8.8 g/16g N 2.2 7.5 -16.3 32 2.4 8.4 -18.3 34 1.1 6.5-10.9 32 Glutamic acid 19.1 21.3 g/kg 13.9 g/16g N 3.2 13.9 -25.7 31 3.6 15.5 -28.9 30 1.5 9.5-16.5 31 Glycine 7 7.9 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N 1.5 3 -12 31 1.7 3.3 -13.2 30 0.6 3.5-6.4 31 Serine 6.3 7 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 1.5 3.7 -9.9 32 1.7 4.1 -10.8 31 0.7 3.1-6 32 Proline 6.6 7.4 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 1.2 4.1 -10 27 1.3 4.5 -11 26 0.6 3.6-6 27 C12:0 lauric acid 0.05 0.06 g/kg 0.04 % FA 0.02-0.06 4 C14:0 myristic acid 0.5 0.5 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.4 -0.6 2 0.4 -0.7 2 0.3 0-0.9 8 C16:0 palmitic acid 25 27.9 g/kg 18.8 % FA 2.6 14.7-23.9 40 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.2 0.3 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.1 0-0.3 6 C18:0 stearic acid 2.8 3.1 g/kg 2.1 % FA 0.5 0.9-3.7 40 C18:1 oleic acid 53.1 59.3 g/kg 39.9 % FA 3.3 28.9-45 40 C18:2 linoleic acid 47.6 53.2 g/kg 35.8 % FA 3.5 30-41 41 C18:3 linolenic acid 2 2.2 g/kg 1.5 % FA 1.4 -2.8 3 1.5 -3 3 0.5 1-3.7 40 C20:0 arachidic acid 0.7 0.7 g/kg 0.5 % FA 1 1 0.3 0-0.9 7 Fatty acids 13.3 14.8 % 80 % fat Vitamin E 49.2 54.9 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 27.5 30.7 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 2.8 3.1 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 40.7 45.4 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 340 379 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 73.9 82.5 mg/kg - Folic acid 0 0 mg/kg - Biotin 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - Choline 1130 1261 mg/kg - Phytase activity 120 130 IU/kg - 1 DE growing pig (kcal) 3400 3790 kcal/kg - 1 ME growing pig (kcal) 3280 3660 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2510 2800 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3550 3960 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3380 3770 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2600 2900 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 72.7 % OM digestibility growing pig - 75.5 % N digestibility growing pig - 69.1 % 1 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 66 % 65.5-85.1 3 Crude fat digestibility pig - 75.6 % 1 Energy digestibility adult pig - 75.8 % OM digestibility adult pig - 79 % N digestibility adult pig - 75.4 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.8 2 g/kg 12 % 1 AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2770 3090 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 2670 2980 kcal/kg - 2310 -3010 3 2530 -3410 4 PDIA INRA 2007 39 44 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 90 101 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 66 73 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2610 2920 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 68 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 68.9 % N digestibility ruminants - 63.8 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 80 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 77.8 % Absorbable P ruminants 9.4 10.5 g/kg 64 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 68 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 42 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 41 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.105 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 73 % Immediately degradable starch (a) - 19 % Potentially degradable starch (b) - 81 % Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.12 h-1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 66 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 48 % Potentially degradable DM (b) - 35 % Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.065 h-1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.4 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.2 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.3 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 70 % 1 Energy digestibility horse - 67.5 % Horse Forage Unit 0.93 1.04 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 92 103 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3270 3650 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME rabbit (kcal) 3160 3530 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 70 % 1 N digestibility rabbit - 60.7 % 45.9-72 3 DE salmonids (kcal) 2800 3120 kcal/kg - 1 1 Energy digestibility, salmonids - 60 % 1 N digestibility salmonids - 64 % 1 Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 4.7 5.2 g/kg 76 % 4.4 -5.5 4 4.6 -5.7 4 68-84 4 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 3.7 4.2 g/kg 73 % 2.8 -4 4 2.9 -4.3 4 63-82 4 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 2.7 g/kg 81 % 1.7 -10.2 4 1.9 -10.6 4 75-88 4 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.7 g/kg 76 % 65-83 3 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 3.9 4.3 g/kg 79 % 1 1 1 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2 g/kg 78 % 70-84 3 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 5.4 6 g/kg 77 % 68-85 4 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 5.8 6.5 g/kg 77 % 5.4 -6.7 4 6 -6.9 4 68-85 4 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 7.5 8.3 g/kg 78 % 6.3 -27.7 4 7.1 -28.8 4 69-86 4 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.9 5.5 g/kg 78 % 68-85 4 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.7 4.1 g/kg 72 % 71-74 2 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 8.6 9.6 g/kg 75 % 1 1 1 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 3 3.3 g/kg 85 % 81-88 4 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 8.7 9.7 g/kg 85 % 5.6 -10.3 4 5.8 -10.9 4 69-93 4 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 6.3 7.1 g/kg 75 % 5.1 -7.3 4 5.7 -7.6 4 62-85 4 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 8.9 10 g/kg 74 % 8.7 -10 4 9.8 -10.4 4 62-82 4 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 16 17.9 g/kg 84 % 12.5 -16.8 4 74-91 4 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 5.4 6 g/kg 76 % 4.9 -6.1 3 5.5 -6.4 3 67-83 3 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 4.8 5.4 g/kg 77 % 69-85 4 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 4.4 4.9 g/kg 67 % 62-71 2 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 5 g/kg 74 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.4 3.8 g/kg 67 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 2.4 g/kg 72 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.4 1.5 g/kg 69 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.5 3.9 g/kg 71 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 1.8 g/kg 70 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.7 5.3 g/kg 68 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 5 5.6 g/kg 66 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.6 7.4 g/kg 69 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 4.8 g/kg 67 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.3 3.7 g/kg 65 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.6 8.4 g/kg 66 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.6 2.9 g/kg 74 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 8 8.9 g/kg 78 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.2 6.9 g/kg 74 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 8.6 9.6 g/kg 71 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 14.3 16 g/kg 75 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.1 5.7 g/kg 72 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 5.1 g/kg 72 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 4.7 5.3 g/kg 71 % Gross energy (MJ) 19.6 21.8 MJ/kg - 2 16.2 -23 17 2.1 18.6 -25.6 20 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.3 0.4 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 57 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.99 1.1 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.94 1.05 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 34 38 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 77 86 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 15 17 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.96 1.07 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.9 1.01 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 37 42 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 79 88 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 13 15 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1690 1880 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1590 1770 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2660 2970 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 67.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 66.6 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 66 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 75 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.6 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.3 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 11.3 12.6 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.2 8 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.8 7.6 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 64 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.91 1.01 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.84 0.94 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 42 47 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 83 92 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 9 10 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.242 0.27 per kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.8 0.9 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.5-0.7 2 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0.6 0.7 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.03-0.7 3 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0.3 0.4 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.1-0.4 3 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 0.3 % FA 1 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 2.7 3 g/kg 18 % Available P cockerel 3.7 4.1 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 3.7 4.1 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.92 1.03 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.86 0.96 per kg - DE growing pig (MJ) 14.2 15.9 MJ/kg - 1 ME growing pig (MJ) 13.7 15.3 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 10.5 11.7 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 14.8 16.6 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 14.2 15.8 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 10.9 12.1 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 11.6 12.9 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 11.2 12.5 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 10.9 12.2 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 13.7 15.3 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME rabbit (MJ) 13.2 14.8 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 11.7 13.1 MJ/kg - 1 1 VEM CVB 2018 923 1030 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 939 1048 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 46 52 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 43 48 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 2.3 2.6 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1 1.2 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 77.2 86.1 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.42 3.81 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.89 2.11 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.79 2 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.91 2.14 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.31 1.46 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 30 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 34 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.5 7.3 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 152 169 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -2 -3 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 19.7 21.9 % - 1 Vitamin A 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin K 0.02 0.02 mg/kg - Vitamin C 0 0 mg/kg -