Dry matter 89.7 100 % - 1.7 78.7 -93 182 2.6 Crude protein 14.7 16.4 % - 2 6.7 -20.3 183 2.2 7.4 -22 175 Crude fibre 9.2 10.2 % - 1 6.2 -10.9 184 1.1 6.9 -12.5 174 Crude fat 2.9 3.2 % - 0.9 0.5 -4.9 133 1 0.5 -5.4 135 Ash 11.6 13 % - 2.3 2.2 -16.3 148 2.5 2.5 -18.3 139 Insoluble ash 1.3 1.5 % - 0.8 0.02 -3.1 22 0.9 0.02 -3.5 14 NDF 23.6 26.3 % - 4.4 19.4 -28.8 16 4.9 21.6 -37.9 12 ADF 11.5 12.9 % - 1.6 6.3 -12.3 17 Lignin 4.1 4.5 % - 0.8 2.1 -6.2 24 0.9 3.2 -6.9 20 Water insoluble cell walls 24.7 27.5 % - 1.5 22.8 -31.1 12 1.5 26 -29.9 5 Starch 28.7 32 % - 3 19.5 -34.8 149 3.3 22.1 -38.5 138 Total sugars 2.5 2.8 % - 1 1 Gross energy (kcal) 3770 4210 kcal/kg - 1 4130 -4310 2 Calcium 0.8 0.9 g/kg - 0.2 0.5 -1.3 14 0.3 0.6 -1.4 14 Phosphorus 15 16.7 g/kg - 7.6 1.6 -27.9 20 8.4 1.8 -31 20 Phytate phosphorus 12.8 14.2 g/kg 85 % P Magnesium 3.8 4.2 g/kg - 3.4 1.2 -8.3 5 3.8 1.3 -10.6 5 Potassium 8.2 9.1 g/kg - 5.2 2.9 -12.9 5 5.8 3.3 -16.4 5 Sodium 0.5 0.55 g/kg - 1 1 Chlorine 1 1.2 g/kg - 1 1 Sulfur 1.8 2 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 92 102 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 203 226 mEq/kg - Manganese 198 221 mg/kg - 132 -262 2 147 -296 2 Zinc 71 80 mg/kg - 70 -72 2 78 -81 2 Copper 12 14 mg/kg - 11 -14 2 12 -16 2 Iron 266 297 mg/kg - 1 1 Selenium 0.1 0.2 mg/kg - Iodine 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - Lysine 6.6 7.4 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 4.4-5.7 4 Threonine 5.5 6.1 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 3.7-4.2 4 Methionine 3.2 3.5 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N 1.8-2.8 4 Cystine 2.1 2.3 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N Methionine + cystine 5.2 5.8 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N Tryptophan 2.4 2.6 g/kg 1.6 g/16g N Isoleucine 7.5 8.3 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N Valine 8.1 9 g/kg 5.5 g/16g N 7.8 -10.2 3 8.8 -11.5 3 5.5-5.6 3 Leucine 10.2 11.4 g/kg 6.9 g/16g N 6.7-7.4 4 Phenylalanine 6.8 7.5 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 6.7 -8.1 3 4.4-4.8 3 Tyrosine 5.3 6 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N Phenylalanine + tyrosine 12.1 13.5 g/kg 8.2 g/16g N Histidine 3.8 4.3 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N Arginine 11.1 12.3 g/kg 7.5 g/16g N Alanine 9 10.1 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 7.9 -12.3 3 8.9 -13.9 3 5.6-6.6 3 Aspartic acid 13 14.5 g/kg 8.8 g/16g N 7.8-10.2 3 Glutamic acid 20.2 22.5 g/kg 13.7 g/16g N 20 -22.9 3 22.4 -25.8 3 12.3-14.4 3 Glycine 7.6 8.5 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N Serine 6.8 7.5 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N Proline 7.1 7.9 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 5.8 -7.8 2 6.6 -8.7 2 4.1-4.9 2 C12:0 lauric acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.04 % FA 0.02-0.06 4 C14:0 myristic acid 0.07 0.08 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.3 0-0.9 8 C16:0 palmitic acid 3.8 4.3 g/kg 18.8 % FA 2.6 14.7-23.9 40 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.03 0.04 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.1 0-0.3 6 C18:0 stearic acid 0.4 0.5 g/kg 2.1 % FA 0.5 0.9-3.7 40 C18:1 oleic acid 8.1 9 g/kg 39.9 % FA 3.3 28.9-45 40 C18:2 linoleic acid 7.3 8.1 g/kg 35.8 % FA 3.5 30-41 41 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 1.5 % FA 0.5 1-3.7 40 C20:0 arachidic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.3 0-0.9 7 Fatty acids 2 2.3 % 70 % fat Vitamin E 49.3 54.9 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 27.5 30.7 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 2.8 3.1 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 40.7 45.4 mg/kg - Niacin 340 379 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 74 82.5 mg/kg - Folic acid 0 0 mg/kg - Biotin 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - Choline 1131 1261 mg/kg - DE growing pig (kcal) 2690 3000 kcal/kg - 1 ME growing pig (kcal) 2570 2870 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1800 2000 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 2830 3160 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2670 2980 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1890 2110 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 71.3 % 1 OM digestibility growing pig - 74.6 % 1 N digestibility growing pig - 56.1 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 44 % 1 Energy digestibility adult pig - 75.1 % OM digestibility adult pig - 78.2 % N digestibility adult pig - 61.8 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.8 2 g/kg 12 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2050 2280 kcal/kg - 1 1 AMEn broiler (kcal) 1990 2220 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 67 74 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 104 115 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 98 109 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 1910 2130 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 62.1 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 66.4 % N digestibility ruminants - 65 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 80 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 70 % Absorbable P ruminants 9.6 10.7 g/kg 64 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 49 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 11 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 76 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.06 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 73 % Immediately degradable starch (a) - 19 % Potentially degradable starch (b) - 81 % Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.12 h-1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 66 % 1 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 48 % 1 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 35 % 1 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.065 h-1 1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.2 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.2 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.3 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 70.5 % Energy digestibility horse - 68 % Horse Forage Unit 0.76 0.85 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 98 109 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2470 2750 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 2350 2620 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 65.5 % N digestibility rabbit - 62.5 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 4.9 5.4 g/kg 74 % 1 1 70-79 3 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 3.6 4 g/kg 65 % 1 1 61-72 3 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 2.3 2.6 g/kg 74 % 1 1 69-78 3 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.5 g/kg 66 % 1 1 64-69 2 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 3.7 4.1 g/kg 71 % 1 1 69-74 2 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.9 g/kg 72 % 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 5.2 5.8 g/kg 69 % 1 1 66-72 3 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 5.6 6.2 g/kg 69 % 1 1 66-71 3 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 7.1 8 g/kg 70 % 1 1 68-71 3 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.9 5.4 g/kg 72 % 1 1 66-75 3 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 4.4 4.9 g/kg 82 % 1 1 79-84 3 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 9.2 10.3 g/kg 76 % 1 1 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.5 g/kg 81 % 1 1 77-87 3 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 9.6 10.7 g/kg 86 % 1 1 84-90 3 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 6.4 7.2 g/kg 71 % 1 1 69-73 3 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 8.6 9.6 g/kg 67 % 1 1 62-70 3 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 15.7 17.5 g/kg 78 % 1 1 74-80 3 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 5 5.6 g/kg 66 % 1 1 61-69 3 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 4.7 5.2 g/kg 69 % 1 1 65-74 3 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 4.7 5.2 g/kg 66 % 1 1 61-71 2 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.6 g/kg 62 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.3 3.7 g/kg 60 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.3 2.6 g/kg 73 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 1.2 g/kg 52 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.4 3.8 g/kg 65 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 1.9 g/kg 73 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 5 5.6 g/kg 67 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.4 6 g/kg 67 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.8 7.6 g/kg 67 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 5.1 g/kg 67 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.7 4.2 g/kg 70 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.3 9.2 g/kg 68 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.8 g/kg 66 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.5 9.5 g/kg 77 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.2 6.9 g/kg 68 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 8.1 9 g/kg 62 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 14.5 16.2 g/kg 72 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.6 5.1 g/kg 60 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 5 g/kg 67 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 4.2 4.7 g/kg 59 % Gross energy (MJ) 15.8 17.6 MJ/kg - 1 17.3 -18.1 2 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.4 0.5 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 57 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.68 0.76 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.62 0.69 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 51 57 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 92 103 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 6 7 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.66 0.74 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.6 0.67 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 57 64 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 97 108 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 1 1 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1170 1300 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1050 1170 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1890 2110 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 65.1 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 60.7 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 52 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 75 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.3 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.3 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.4 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.7 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.9 8.8 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 4.9 5.4 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 4.4 4.9 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 64 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.63 0.7 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.55 0.62 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 65 73 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 104 116 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -7 -8 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.242 0.27 per kg - Cobalt 0.9 1 mg/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.5-0.7 2 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.03-0.7 3 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0.05 0.06 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.1-0.4 3 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0.06 0.07 g/kg 0.3 % FA 1 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 2.7 3 g/kg 18 % Available P cockerel 3.8 4.2 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 3.8 4.2 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.66 0.74 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.59 0.66 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 2060 2300 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 54.6 % N digestibility salmonids - 83.3 % DE growing pig (MJ) 11.3 12.5 MJ/kg - 1 ME growing pig (MJ) 10.8 12 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 7.5 8.4 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 11.9 13.2 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 11.2 12.5 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 7.9 8.8 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 8.6 9.6 MJ/kg - 1 1 AMEn broiler (MJ) 8.3 9.3 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 8 8.9 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 10.3 11.5 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 9.8 11 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 8.6 9.6 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 661 736 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 649 724 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 74 83 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 13 15 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.2 3.6 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.5 1.6 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 59.6 66.4 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 2.7 3.01 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.31 1.46 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.23 1.37 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.42 1.58 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.88 0.98 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 48 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 55 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 4.7 5.2 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 145 162 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 0.4 0.4 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 26.3 29.4 % - Molybdenum 2 2 mg/kg - Vitamin A 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin K 0.02 0.02 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Vitamin C 0 0 mg/kg -