Dry matter 90.4 100 % - 0.9 86.5 -93.3 165 1.3 Crude protein 20.8 23.1 % - 0.5 20 -22.2 175 0.5 22 -24.6 152 Crude fibre 20.5 22.7 % - 2.4 14.4 -32.5 185 2.7 16.1 -31 128 Crude fat 3 3.3 % - 0.5 1.6 -4.2 81 0.6 1.8 -4.5 85 Ash 11.7 13 % - 1.6 7.4 -16.8 355 1.8 8.9 -18 338 Insoluble ash 0.9 1 % - 0.6 0 -2.1 12 0.7 0 -2.3 8 NDF 35.7 39.5 % - 6.3 26.8 -54 141 6.9 29.7 -56.8 136 ADF 24.4 27 % - 4.8 8.6 -41.2 144 5.3 19.3 -39 140 Lignin 6.7 7.4 % - 1.6 3.3 -11.7 110 1.8 4.5 -13 112 Water insoluble cell walls 37.3 41.3 % - 1 Starch 2.9 3.2 % - 0.9 1.6 -4.2 8 0.9 1.7 -4.6 8 Total sugars 4 4.4 % - 1.5 2.9 -5.4 5 1.7 2.3 -6 5 Gross energy (kcal) 4060 4490 kcal/kg - 1 90 4350 -4560 5 Calcium 21.1 23.4 g/kg - 5.2 9.2 -33.8 122 5.8 10.5 -37.5 115 Phosphorus 2.8 3.1 g/kg - 0.5 1.7 -3.8 106 0.6 1.9 -4.2 100 Phytate phosphorus 0.1 0.2 g/kg 5 % P Magnesium 1.9 2.1 g/kg - 0.2 1.6 -2.4 31 0.2 1.7 -2.7 31 Potassium 26.5 29.3 g/kg - 3.3 13 -34 36 3.7 19 -37.5 27 Sodium 0.38 0.43 g/kg - 0.34 0.09 -1.79 22 0.37 0.1 -1.4 13 Chlorine 5.4 6 g/kg - 1.4 3 -8.7 24 1.6 3.2 -7.7 9 Sulfur 6.9 7.7 g/kg - 2.2 3.4 -9.7 6 Dietary cation-anion difference 111 123 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 544 602 mEq/kg - Manganese 31 35 mg/kg - 14 22 -56 8 15 23 -63 10 Zinc 32 35 mg/kg - 14 18 -77 31 16 20 -81 29 Copper 7 8 mg/kg - 6 2 -39 30 7 2 -43 30 Iron 312 345 mg/kg - 320 286 -1380 14 354 178 -1457 15 Selenium 0.2 0.3 mg/kg - 0.1 0.2 -0.5 6 0.2 0.04 -0.6 7 Cobalt 0.8 0.9 mg/kg - 1 Molybdenum 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - 1 Iodine 0.7 0.7 mg/kg - 0.2 0.3 -1 6 0.3 0.4 -1 6 Lysine 10.2 11.3 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 1.2 8.1 -11.6 10 1.3 8.9 -13 10 0.6 3.8-5.5 10 Threonine 8.5 9.4 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 1 1 1 Methionine 2.9 3.3 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N Cystine 2.4 2.7 g/kg 1.2 g/16g N 1 1 1 Methionine + cystine 5.4 6 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N 1 1 1 Tryptophan 3 3.3 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N Isoleucine 8.9 9.8 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 8.2 -9 2 9 -9.9 2 Valine 12.6 13.9 g/kg 6 g/16g N 10.4 -16 4 11.4 -18 4 4.9-7.6 4 Leucine 15.8 17.4 g/kg 7.6 g/16g N 13.3 -16.1 2 14.6 -17.8 2 6.2-7.6 2 Phenylalanine 10.3 11.4 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 1 1 1 Tyrosine 7 7.8 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N 1 1 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 17.3 19.1 g/kg 8.3 g/16g N 1 1 1 Histidine 3.7 4.1 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 2.6 -3.9 4 2.9 -4.3 4 1.2-1.8 4 Arginine 9.6 10.6 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 8.2 -10.8 4 9.2 -12.1 4 3.9-5.1 4 Alanine 10.9 12 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N 9.5 -11.6 4 10.5 -13 4 4.5-5.5 4 Aspartic acid 20.9 23.1 g/kg 10 g/16g N 4.7 16.8 -29 5 5.3 18.9 -31.9 5 2.4 7.9-13.6 5 Glutamic acid 20 22.1 g/kg 9.6 g/16g N 2.3 18.2 -24.5 5 2.5 20 -26 5 1.1 8.5-11.3 5 Glycine 9.6 10.6 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 8.1 -10.3 4 9.1 -10.8 4 3.8-4.8 4 Serine 8.6 9.5 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 1 1 1 Proline 8.8 9.7 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 8.5 -9.4 2 9.4 -10.6 2 4-4.4 2 C12:0 lauric acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.7 % FA 0.7 0.1-1.9 7 C14:0 myristic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 1.5 % FA 1.1 0.4-3.1 8 C16:0 palmitic acid 2.5 2.8 g/kg 16.6 % FA 3 13.3-21.3 8 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1.2 0.2-3.8 8 C18:0 stearic acid 0.4 0.5 g/kg 2.8 % FA 1.1 1.3-4.8 8 C18:1 oleic acid 1.1 1.3 g/kg 7.6 % FA 2.8 3.4-11.7 8 C18:2 linoleic acid 4.4 4.9 g/kg 29.3 % FA 7.4 17.6-40 8 C18:3 linolenic acid 5.4 6 g/kg 35.8 % FA 8.3 25.7-51.4 8 C20:0 arachidic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.3 0.4-1.1 8 C22:0 behenic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.9 % FA 0.7 0.3-2.3 8 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.1 0.2 g/kg 1 % FA 0.9 0-2.8 8 Fatty acids 1.5 1.7 % 50 % fat Vitamin A 91.5 101 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin E 203 225 mg/kg - Vitamin K 19.9 22 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 4.1 4.5 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 17.3 19.1 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 285 315 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 23.49 26 µg/kg - Niacin 50.6 56 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 40.6 44.9 mg/kg - Folic acid 3.1 3.4 mg/kg - Biotin 0.4 0.5 mg/kg - Choline 1414 1565 mg/kg - Xanthophylls 402 445 mg/kg - 118 30 -443 100 130 111 -491 12 DE growing pig (kcal) 1960 2170 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 1830 2020 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1070 1180 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 2090 2320 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 1900 2110 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1130 1250 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 48.4 % OM digestibility growing pig - 53.6 % N digestibility growing pig - 45.7 % N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 63 % 1 Crude fat digestibility pig - 37.2 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 51.6 % OM digestibility adult pig - 56.9 % N digestibility adult pig - 49.5 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1200 1320 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 74 81 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 141 156 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 113 125 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2090 2320 kcal/kg - 1 1 Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 65.7 % 1 OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 68.5 % N digestibility ruminants - 72.9 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 80 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 66.6 % Absorbable P ruminants 2.1 2.3 g/kg 74 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 60 % 1 Immediately degradable N (a) - 26 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 57 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.09 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 52 % 50-71 3 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 26 % 25-39 2 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 47 % 37-57 3 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.075 h-1 0.035-0.119 3 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.8 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.7 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.4 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.9 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 67.9 % Energy digestibility horse - 63.3 % Horse Forage Unit 0.64 0.71 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 130 144 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2050 2270 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 1890 2090 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 50.5 % N digestibility rabbit - 63 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 6.8 7.5 g/kg 66 % 1 1 1 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 5.8 6.4 g/kg 69 % 1 1 1 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 2.3 2.5 g/kg 77 % 1 1 1 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.6 g/kg 46 % 1 1 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 6.5 7.2 g/kg 73 % 1 1 1 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 8.8 9.7 g/kg 70 % 1 1 1 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 11.8 13.1 g/kg 75 % 1 1 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 7.6 8.4 g/kg 74 % 1 1 1 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 5.1 5.6 g/kg 73 % 1 1 1 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 12.7 14 g/kg 73 % 1 1 1 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 2.6 g/kg 64 % 1 1 1 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 7.8 8.6 g/kg 82 % 1 1 1 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 7.8 8.7 g/kg 72 % 1 1 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 16.8 18.6 g/kg 81 % 1 1 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 14.6 16.1 g/kg 73 % 1 1 1 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 5.3 5.9 g/kg 56 % 1 1 1 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 5.8 6.5 g/kg 68 % 1 1 1 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 8 8.9 g/kg 78 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.4 7.1 g/kg 76 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.3 2.6 g/kg 79 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 2 g/kg 73 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.5 g/kg 76 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.5 g/kg 74 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.9 7.6 g/kg 77 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.5 10.5 g/kg 76 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.8 13 g/kg 75 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.7 8.5 g/kg 75 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.4 5.9 g/kg 76 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 13 14.4 g/kg 75 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.8 3.1 g/kg 75 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 7 7.8 g/kg 74 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.4 9.3 g/kg 78 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 15.6 17.2 g/kg 75 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 15.1 16.7 g/kg 76 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.3 8.1 g/kg 77 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.4 7.1 g/kg 75 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 6.6 7.3 g/kg 76 % Gross energy (MJ) 17 18.8 MJ/kg - 1 0.4 18.2 -19.1 5 Absorbable Ca ruminants 6.3 7 g/kg 30 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 66.2 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.78 0.87 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.72 0.8 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 59 66 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 104 115 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 52 57 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.76 0.84 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.7 0.77 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 66 73 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 109 121 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 45 50 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1340 1480 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1230 1360 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2140 2370 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 67.1 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 64.3 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 60 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.8 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.9 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.4 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 9.1 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.9 9.9 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 5.6 6.2 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 5.1 5.7 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 52 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.72 0.79 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.65 0.72 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 75 83 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 118 130 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 35 39 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.346 0.383 per kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.04 % FA 1 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.1 0-0.4 8 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.04 % FA 0.07 0-0.2 8 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.07 % FA 0-0.2 3 C22:1 erucic acid 0.01 0.02 g/kg 0.09 % FA 0.1 0-0.4 8 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.07 % FA 0.2 0-0.5 8 C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0.01 % FA 0.03 0-0.09 8 Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.8 0.9 g/kg 30 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.3 1.4 g/kg 45 % AMEn broiler (kcal) 1170 1290 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 2.4 2.7 g/kg 85 % P Available P broiler 2.4 2.7 g/kg 85 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.73 0.81 per kg - 1 1 UFV INRA 2007 0.66 0.73 per kg - 1 1 DE salmonids (kcal) 2360 2620 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 58.3 % N digestibility salmonids - 85.1 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.8 0.9 g/kg 35 % 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.4 g/kg 58 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 5.6 6.2 g/kg 64 % 1 DE growing pig (MJ) 8.2 9.1 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 7.6 8.5 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 4.5 4.9 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 8.8 9.7 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 8 8.8 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 4.7 5.2 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 5 5.5 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 4.9 5.4 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 8.8 9.7 MJ/kg - 1 1 DE rabbit (MJ) 8.6 9.5 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 7.9 8.7 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 9.9 11 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 728 805 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 720 797 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 90 100 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 53 59 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.6 4 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.2 1.3 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 49.6 54.9 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 2.33 2.58 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.06 1.18 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1 1.1 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.14 1.26 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.62 0.69 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 38 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 43 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 5.1 5.7 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 166 184 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 7 7 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0.09 0.1 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -