Dry matter 91.3 100 % - 1.7 80.8 -96.1 395 2.6 Crude protein 32.7 35.8 % - 2.5 24.2 -43.6 463 2.7 27.7 -46.3 389 Crude fibre 7.1 7.8 % - 0.9 4.1 -10.9 352 1 4.4 -11.4 286 Crude fat 4.9 5.4 % - 1 2.3 -8.4 186 1.1 2.6 -9.9 172 Ash 5.2 5.7 % - 0.9 3.4 -8 281 0.9 3.6 -8.6 248 Insoluble ash 0.2 0.2 % - 0.03 -0.3 2 0.03 -0.3 2 NDF 31.7 34.7 % - 6.9 20.5 -48.8 46 7.6 21.8 -52.8 45 ADF 12.9 14.1 % - 3.4 7.3 -19.8 48 3.7 8 -21.4 46 Lignin 5 5.4 % - 2.1 1.7 -9.9 34 2.3 1.9 -10.5 32 Water insoluble cell walls 30.9 33.9 % - 2.7 25.6 -34.4 11 2.9 26.9 -36.5 9 Starch 3.8 4.1 % - 1.5 0.8 -7 364 1.6 0.8 -7.8 317 Total sugars 2.7 3 % - 1.8 0.01 -6.4 17 1.9 0.01 -6.9 18 Gross energy (kcal) 4480 4910 kcal/kg - 100 4780 -5150 15 Calcium 1.6 1.7 g/kg - 0.8 0.6 -4.6 42 0.9 0.7 -5.2 40 Phosphorus 8 8.7 g/kg - 1.5 5 -11.8 60 1.6 5.7 -12.7 58 Phytate phosphorus 1.2 1.3 g/kg 15 % P 0.6 0.4 -2.3 10 0.7 0.4 -2.4 10 7 4-24 10 Magnesium 3.1 3.4 g/kg - 0.8 2.2 -4.5 6 0.9 2.4 -4.8 6 Potassium 11.4 12.4 g/kg - 2.3 8.5 -17 20 2.5 9.4 -18.7 19 Sodium 3.92 4.29 g/kg - 3.83 0.16 -15.7 80 4.19 0.18 -17.05 77 Chlorine 1.9 2 g/kg - 0.4 0.2 -2.4 23 0.4 0.2 -2.6 22 Sulfur 5.1 5.6 g/kg - 2 3.4 -9.1 7 2.2 3.7 -9.7 7 Dietary cation-anion difference 89 97 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 409 448 mEq/kg - Manganese 68 74 mg/kg - 17 40 -94 6 18 43 -101 6 Zinc 118 130 mg/kg - 67 -168 2 72 -187 2 Copper 9 10 mg/kg - 9 -9 2 10 -10 2 Iron 128 140 mg/kg - 61 82 -261 10 67 90 -290 10 Iodine 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - Lysine 6.9 7.5 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N 2.4 2.2 -11.4 44 2.6 2.4 -12.7 41 0.6 0.8-3.3 44 Threonine 10.2 11.2 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N 1.1 8.5 -13.7 30 1.2 9.3 -14.3 28 0.3 2.7-4.1 31 Methionine 5.1 5.5 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 0.9 4 -7 29 0.9 4.4 -8 27 0.2 1.3-2 30 Cystine 6.4 7.1 g/kg 2 g/16g N 1.4 3.3 -9.7 29 1.5 3.7 -11.1 26 0.3 1.1-3 30 Methionine + cystine 11.5 12.6 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 2.4 7.3 -16.7 29 2.6 8 -19.1 27 0.4 2.4-4.7 30 Tryptophan 3.4 3.8 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N 0.4 2.8 -4 16 0.4 3 -4.4 15 0.09 0.8-1.1 16 Isoleucine 11.3 12.4 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 1.3 10.1 -15.2 28 1.4 11.1 -16.6 26 0.1 3.2-4 29 Valine 14.2 15.5 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1.7 12.6 -19.2 28 1.8 13.8 -20.9 25 0.1 4-4.6 29 Leucine 21.2 23.2 g/kg 6.5 g/16g N 2.5 17.7 -27.7 28 2.7 19.4 -30.1 25 0.2 5.8-6.9 29 Phenylalanine 14.6 16 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 2 12.8 -20.4 27 2.2 13.9 -22.2 25 0.2 4.2-4.9 28 Tyrosine 9.7 10.6 g/kg 3 g/16g N 1.2 8.5 -12.4 15 1.3 9.3 -13.5 13 0.1 2.8-3.1 15 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 24.3 26.6 g/kg 7.4 g/16g N 3.6 21.4 -32.7 15 3.9 23.4 -35.7 13 0.2 7-7.7 15 Histidine 6.8 7.4 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N 1 5.2 -9.4 27 1.1 5.7 -10.2 25 0.2 1.7-2.2 27 Arginine 14 15.3 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1.4 13.1 -18.4 25 1.5 14.2 -20.1 23 0.3 3.7-4.6 26 Alanine 11.9 13.1 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 1.3 11.2 -16.2 25 1.4 12 -17.7 22 0.2 3.3-4.1 26 Aspartic acid 16.2 17.7 g/kg 5 g/16g N 1.8 14.1 -21.5 24 1.9 15.5 -22.5 21 0.3 4.3-5.6 25 Glutamic acid 84.2 92.2 g/kg 25.7 g/16g N 11.2 68.1 -114 22 12.1 73.8 -120 19 1.5 22.6-28.5 22 Glycine 13 14.3 g/kg 4 g/16g N 1.6 11.4 -17.8 24 1.8 12.5 -19.2 21 0.2 3.7-4.4 25 Serine 14.5 15.9 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 1.7 11.9 -20.3 25 1.9 13 -21.2 22 0.3 3.8-5 26 Proline 20.8 22.7 g/kg 6.3 g/16g N C14:0 myristic acid 0.04 0.05 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0-0.3 4 C16:0 palmitic acid 5.7 6.3 g/kg 17.8 % FA 0.9 15.5-18.3 9 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.4 % FA C18:0 stearic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.07 0.7-0.9 8 C18:1 oleic acid 4.9 5.3 g/kg 15.2 % FA 2.7 11.3-20.4 11 C18:2 linoleic acid 18.1 19.8 g/kg 56.4 % FA 1 C18:3 linolenic acid 1.9 2.1 g/kg 5.9 % FA 1 5.4-8.5 9 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.4 0.5 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1 Fatty acids 3.2 3.5 % 65 % fat DE growing pig (kcal) 3010 3300 kcal/kg - 280 2660 -3560 10 300 2820 -3870 10 ME growing pig (kcal) 2790 3050 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1750 1920 kcal/kg - 220 1570 -2180 8 230 1660 -2380 8 DE adult pig (kcal) 3200 3500 kcal/kg - 280 2830 -3610 8 290 3000 -3930 8 ME adult pig (kcal) 2910 3190 kcal/kg - 310 2440 -3390 8 340 2590 -3690 8 NE adult pig (kcal) 1880 2060 kcal/kg - 160 1780 -2240 8 170 1890 -2400 8 Energy digestibility growing pig - 67.2 % 6.5 56.3-77.4 11 OM digestibility growing pig - 69.8 % N digestibility growing pig - 71.2 % 12.4 51.7-87.8 10 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 82 % 78-83.3 4 Crude fat digestibility pig - 56.2 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 71.4 % 5.7 59.7-77.1 8 OM digestibility adult pig - 74.1 % N digestibility adult pig - 74.6 % 11.4 56.3-86.5 8 AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2340 2560 kcal/kg - 170 2010 -2440 9 180 2150 -2630 9 AMEn broiler (kcal) 2300 2520 kcal/kg - 160 1910 -2370 8 PDIA INRA 2007 90 99 g/kg - 35 28 -135 8 38 31 -143 9 PDIN INRA 2007 218 238 g/kg - 20 174 -237 8 22 189 -250 9 PDIE INRA 2007 135 147 g/kg - 30 82 -179 8 32 89 -189 9 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2630 2880 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 75.2 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 75.3 % 3.7 70.5-82.2 9 N digestibility ruminants - 76 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 % 13.3 54-93.6 12 Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 73.3 % Absorbable P ruminants 5.4 5.9 g/kg 68 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 71 % 13 48-86 13 Immediately degradable N (a) - 42 % 19 20-75 12 Potentially degradable N (b) - 53 % 18 21-74 12 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.071 h-1 0.059 0.02-0.233 12 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 94 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 69 % 8 55-79 12 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 48 % 11 37-69 12 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 44 % 10 24-53 12 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.055 h-1 0.037 0.023-0.155 12 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.8 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.1 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 71.2 % Energy digestibility horse - 68.6 % Horse Forage Unit 0.77 0.84 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 257 282 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3160 3460 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME rabbit (kcal) 2890 3160 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 70.6 % 1 N digestibility rabbit - 69.9 % 1 Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 4.5 4.9 g/kg 65 % 5 57-72 7 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 8.1 8.9 g/kg 79 % 5 74-85 7 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.6 g/kg 83 % 6 75-90 7 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 5.2 5.7 g/kg 81 % 2 79-84 7 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 9.4 10.3 g/kg 82 % 1 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 2.8 3 g/kg 80 % 3 76-85 5 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 9 9.9 g/kg 80 % 3 74-83 7 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 11.5 12.5 g/kg 81 % 3 77-84 7 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 17.9 19.6 g/kg 84 % 2 82-87 7 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 12.9 14.1 g/kg 88 % 2 85-90 7 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 8.1 8.8 g/kg 83 % 4 79-88 6 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 20.9 22.9 g/kg 86 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 6 g/kg 82 % 2 79-85 7 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 12.1 13.3 g/kg 87 % 3 83-89 7 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 9.1 10 g/kg 76 % 3 71-79 6 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 12.5 13.7 g/kg 77 % 5 71-83 6 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 75.5 82.7 g/kg 90 % 1 88-92 6 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 10.3 11.3 g/kg 79 % 2 77-83 6 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 12.2 13.4 g/kg 84 % 3 80-87 6 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 17.9 19.6 g/kg 86 % 6 78-95 8 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.1 3.4 g/kg 46 % 15 24-71 16 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.2 6.7 g/kg 60 % 10 42-76 19 Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.7 4.1 g/kg 74 % 7 57-84 19 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.9 4.3 g/kg 61 % 12 30-77 19 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.7 8.4 g/kg 67 % 3 63-74 11 Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.4 g/kg 65 % 14 43-78 8 Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.9 8.6 g/kg 70 % 9 47-84 19 Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.5 10.4 g/kg 67 % 11 47-85 19 Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 15.7 17.2 g/kg 74 % 8 55-86 19 Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.9 13 g/kg 81 % 8 64-90 19 Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.5 7.1 g/kg 67 % 11 51-77 8 Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 18.3 20.1 g/kg 76 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.4 4.9 g/kg 66 % 10 48-83 19 Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.5 10.4 g/kg 68 % 11 42-81 19 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.5 8.2 g/kg 63 % 10 42-79 18 Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 7.7 8.5 g/kg 48 % 13 27-68 18 Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 69.1 75.7 g/kg 82 % 7 65-92 18 Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.6 8.4 g/kg 59 % 5 50-66 10 Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.9 10.8 g/kg 68 % 9 51-81 18 Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 16.8 18.4 g/kg 81 % 7 64-91 18 Gross energy (MJ) 18.8 20.5 MJ/kg - 0.4 20 -21.5 15 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.9 1 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1 1.09 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.96 1.05 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 73 80 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 122 134 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 152 166 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.97 1.07 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.93 1.02 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 85 93 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 132 145 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 140 154 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1710 1880 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1640 1800 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2670 2920 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 73.9 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 73.9 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 70 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 88 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.4 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.9 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.4 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.1 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.2 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 11.4 12.5 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.4 8.1 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.1 7.8 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 67 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.93 1.01 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.87 0.96 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 101 111 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 148 162 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 123 134 g/kg - Origin France, ex factory Phosphorus consumption 2.58 2.82 g P/kg - Origin France, ex factory Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 9.48 10.39 MJ/kg - Origin France, ex factory Climate change (ILCD) 576 631 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Acidification (ILCD) 0.008 0.0088 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Eutrophication (CML baseline) 34.53 37.82 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0006 0.0007 m²yr/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.221 0.242 per kg - Selenium 0 0 mg/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.08 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.06 0.07 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-1.9 3 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.5 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (no phytase) 2 2.2 g/kg 25 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 3 3.3 g/kg 38 % Available P cockerel 2 2.2 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 2 2.2 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.94 1.03 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.89 0.97 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 2920 3200 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 65.1 % N digestibility salmonids - 86.6 % DE growing pig (MJ) 12.6 13.8 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 11.7 12.8 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 7.3 8 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 13.4 14.7 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 12.2 13.4 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 7.9 8.6 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 9.8 10.7 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 9.6 10.5 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11 12.1 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 13.2 14.5 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME rabbit (MJ) 12.1 13.2 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 12.2 13.4 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 942 1031 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 974 1067 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 121 132 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 147 161 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.3 3.6 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.4 1.5 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 66.7 73.1 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.23 3.54 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.66 1.82 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.57 1.72 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.78 1.95 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.19 1.3 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 27 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 32 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.7 7.3 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 208 228 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 19 21 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 1.7 1.8 % - 1 0.8 -3.6 13 1 0.8 -4 14 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -