Dry matter 86.3 100 % - Crude protein 7.6 8.8 % - Crude fibre 2.3 2.6 % - Crude fat 3.6 4.1 % - Ash 1.2 1.4 % - Insoluble ash 0.05 0.06 % - NDF 10.7 12.4 % - ADF 2.6 3.1 % - Lignin 0.5 0.6 % - Water insoluble cell walls 8.3 9.6 % - Starch 63.8 73.9 % - Total sugars 1.7 2 % - Gross energy (kcal) 3840 4450 kcal/kg - Calcium 0.4 0.5 g/kg - Phosphorus 2.5 2.9 g/kg - Phytate phosphorus 1.9 2.2 g/kg 75 % P Magnesium 1 1.2 g/kg - Potassium 3.1 3.6 g/kg - Sodium 0.03 0.04 g/kg - Chlorine 0.5 0.6 g/kg - Sulfur 1.1 1.3 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference -0.8 -0.9 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 67 77 mEq/kg - Manganese 9 10 mg/kg - Zinc 20 24 mg/kg - Copper 3 3 mg/kg - Iron 35 40 mg/kg - Selenium 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.05 0.05 mg/kg - Molybdenum 0.4 0.5 mg/kg - Iodine 0.09 0.1 mg/kg - Lysine 2.3 2.7 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N Threonine 2.9 3.3 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N Methionine 1.6 1.9 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N Cystine 1.9 2.2 g/kg 2.5 g/16g N Methionine + cystine 3.5 4.1 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N Tryptophan 0.5 0.6 g/kg 0.7 g/16g N Isoleucine 2.8 3.3 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N Valine 3.8 4.4 g/kg 5 g/16g N Leucine 9.3 10.8 g/kg 12.2 g/16g N Phenylalanine 3.7 4.3 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N Tyrosine 3.2 3.7 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N Phenylalanine + tyrosine 6.9 8 g/kg 9 g/16g N Histidine 2.2 2.6 g/kg 2.9 g/16g N Arginine 3.7 4.2 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N Alanine 5.6 6.5 g/kg 7.4 g/16g N Aspartic acid 4.9 5.7 g/kg 6.5 g/16g N Glutamic acid 14.1 16.3 g/kg 18.5 g/16g N Glycine 2.9 3.4 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N Serine 3.8 4.4 g/kg 5 g/16g N Proline 7 8.2 g/kg 9.2 g/16g N C14:0 myristic acid 0.04 0.05 g/kg 0.1 % FA C16:0 palmitic acid 3.2 3.8 g/kg 10.5 % FA C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:0 stearic acid 0.6 0.6 g/kg 1.8 % FA C18:1 oleic acid 8 9.3 g/kg 26.1 % FA C18:2 linoleic acid 18.3 21.2 g/kg 59.5 % FA C18:3 linolenic acid 0.4 0.5 g/kg 1.3 % FA Fatty acids 3.1 3.6 % 86 % fat Vitamin A 2.3 2.7 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin E 17.1 19.8 mg/kg - Vitamin K 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 3.6 4.1 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 1.4 1.6 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 4.6 5.3 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 20.7 24 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 5.8 6.7 mg/kg - Folic acid 0.2 0.3 mg/kg - Biotin 0.06 0.07 mg/kg - Choline 532 617 mg/kg - Viscosity, real applied - 0.6 mL/g Xanthophylls 23 26 mg/kg - AMEn cockerel (kcal) 3160 3660 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 3090 3590 kcal/kg - Available P broiler 0.6 0.7 g/kg 24 % P PDIA INRA 2007 51 59 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 62 72 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 89 104 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2870 3320 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 88.5 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 91 % N digestibility ruminants - 68 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 90 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 73.3 % Absorbable P ruminants 1.9 2.2 g/kg 75 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 33 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 11 % Potentially degradable N (b) - 75 % Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.025 h-1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 86 % Immediately degradable starch (a) - 13 % Potentially degradable starch (b) - 87 % Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.31 h-1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 75 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.7 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 10.2 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.3 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 89.7 % Energy digestibility horse - 86.1 % Horse Forage Unit 1.12 1.29 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 56 65 g/kg - Gross energy (MJ) 16.1 18.6 MJ/kg - Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.2 0.2 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 79 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.13 1.31 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.16 1.35 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 41 48 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 94 109 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -65 -75 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.11 1.29 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.14 1.33 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 44 52 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 96 111 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -65 -76 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1960 2270 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2010 2330 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2880 3340 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 89.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 87.2 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 35 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 87 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.9 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 10.1 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.4 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 11.7 13.6 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.9 9.1 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8 9.3 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 71 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.08 1.25 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.1 1.27 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 48 56 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 98 114 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -67 -78 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.162 0.188 per kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.6 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Phytase activity 20 20 IU/kg - DE growing pig (kcal) 3400 3950 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 3320 3850 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2680 3110 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3530 4090 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3430 3980 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2740 3180 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 88.7 % OM digestibility growing pig - 91.3 % N digestibility growing pig - 80.5 % N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 86 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 80 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 91.9 % OM digestibility adult pig - 94.2 % N digestibility adult pig - 90.3 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.7 0.8 g/kg 28 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.1 1.2 g/kg 42 % Available P cockerel 0.6 0.7 g/kg 24 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.09 1.26 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.11 1.28 per kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3200 3710 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 3120 3620 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 83.4 % N digestibility rabbit - 71.4 % DE salmonids (kcal) 1500 1740 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 39 % N digestibility salmonids - 95 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2.1 g/kg 79 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 2.3 2.7 g/kg 81 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.7 g/kg 89 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.9 g/kg 87 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.6 g/kg 88 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 0.5 g/kg 83 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 2.8 g/kg 87 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 3.3 3.8 g/kg 86 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 8.4 9.8 g/kg 91 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 3.3 3.8 g/kg 90 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 2.9 3.3 g/kg 89 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 6.2 7.1 g/kg 90 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2.2 g/kg 87 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 3.3 3.8 g/kg 89 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 5 5.8 g/kg 89 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 4.3 4.9 g/kg 86 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 12.9 14.9 g/kg 91 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 2.8 g/kg 81 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 3.4 3.9 g/kg 88 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 6.1 7.1 g/kg 87 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 2.4 g/kg 90 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.4 2.7 g/kg 83 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.5 1.8 g/kg 94 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 1.9 g/kg 86 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.2 3.7 g/kg 90 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 0.5 g/kg 85 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.6 3 g/kg 93 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.5 4 g/kg 90 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.7 10.1 g/kg 94 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.4 4 g/kg 93 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.8 3.3 g/kg 88 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.2 7.2 g/kg 91 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.3 g/kg 90 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.4 3.9 g/kg 93 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.2 6.1 g/kg 93 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 4.4 5.1 g/kg 89 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 13.4 15.5 g/kg 95 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.9 g/kg 86 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.5 4 g/kg 91 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 6.4 7.4 g/kg 91 % DE growing pig (MJ) 14.3 16.5 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 13.9 16.1 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 11.2 13 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 14.8 17.1 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 14.4 16.6 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 11.5 13.3 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 13.2 15.3 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 12.9 15 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 12 13.9 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 13.4 15.5 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 13.1 15.2 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 6.3 7.3 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1090 1264 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1213 1406 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 103 119 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -70 -82 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 5.9 6.9 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 2.6 3 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 77 89.3 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.44 3.99 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.81 2.1 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.71 1.99 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.94 2.25 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.34 1.56 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 65 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 70 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7.7 8.9 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 141 163 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -10 -12 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 59.3 68.8 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -