Dry matter 88 100 % - 0.8 86.3 -95.9 1259 1.3 Crude protein 48.5 55.2 % - 1.5 43.8 -52 2206 1.6 48.9 -58.5 1372 Crude fibre 3.9 4.4 % - 0.5 1.6 -5 415 0.6 1.6 -5.7 382 Crude fat 1.5 1.7 % - 0.5 0.4 -3.4 1151 0.6 0.4 -3.8 1130 Ash 6.4 7.3 % - 0.5 5.5 -8.1 343 0.5 6.1 -9.2 315 Insoluble ash 0.06 0.07 % - 0.05 0.01 -0.1 8 0.05 0.01 -0.2 8 NDF 9.3 10.5 % - 1.5 6 -10.3 13 1.7 6.2 -12.1 19 ADF 5 5.7 % - 1.1 3.2 -5.1 8 1.2 3.6 -8.1 11 Lignin 0.4 0.4 % - 0.3 0.1 -1 23 0.3 0.1 -1.2 25 Water insoluble cell walls 15.3 17.4 % - 1 17.1 -17.6 2 Starch 5.5 6.3 % - 1.3 3.4 -8.9 45 1.5 3.4 -9.9 40 Total sugars 9.5 10.8 % - 0.9 7.5 -11 30 1 8.6 -12.4 29 Gross energy (kcal) 4150 4710 kcal/kg - 80 4060 -4570 19 80 4590 -4980 20 Calcium 3.4 3.9 g/kg - 0.6 1.8 -5.3 361 0.7 2 -6 359 Phosphorus 6.2 7.1 g/kg - 0.5 5 -8.3 362 0.6 5.7 -8.9 362 Phytate phosphorus 3.7 4.3 g/kg 60 % P 1 0.5 3.1 -4.5 5 45-60 4 Magnesium 2.8 3.2 g/kg - 0.3 2.6 -3.4 7 0.3 3 -3.9 7 Potassium 21.4 24.3 g/kg - 0.8 20.7 -24 11 Sodium 0.11 0.13 g/kg - 0.16 0 -0.54 25 0.18 0.01 -0.61 24 Chlorine 0.9 1 g/kg - 0.9 0.4 -2.8 7 1 0.4 -3.2 7 Sulfur 4.1 4.6 g/kg - 0.2 3.9 -4.5 6 0.3 4.4 -5.1 6 Dietary cation-anion difference 273 311 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 527 599 mEq/kg - Manganese 39 44 mg/kg - 11 36 -66 9 12 25 -75 10 Zinc 50 57 mg/kg - 9 41 -61 8 11 45 -77 9 Copper 15 17 mg/kg - 1 14 -17 8 1 15 -19 8 Iron 177 201 mg/kg - 38 50 -460 9 Selenium 0.4 0.5 mg/kg - 0.4 -0.4 2 0.4 -0.5 2 Cobalt 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - Molybdenum 3 3 mg/kg - 0.5 3 -4 5 0.5 3 -4 5 Iodine 0.2 0.3 mg/kg - Lysine 30.2 34.3 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N 1.5 25.6 -34.4 178 1.7 27.2 -38.2 137 0.3 5.2-7 164 Threonine 18.4 20.9 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 1.4 16.2 -23.6 92 1.5 18.5 -25.9 67 0.3 3.4-4.6 92 Methionine 6.9 7.9 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.6 4.8 -8.2 117 0.7 5.1 -8.9 90 0.1 1-1.6 115 Cystine 7.7 8.7 g/kg 1.6 g/16g N 0.7 4.2 -8.2 94 0.8 4.4 -9.4 67 0.1 0.8-1.7 93 Methionine + cystine 14.6 16.6 g/kg 3 g/16g N 1.1 9.4 -15.4 95 1.2 9.8 -17.1 67 0.2 1.8-3.1 93 Tryptophan 6.8 7.7 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.4 5.3 -7.1 53 0.5 5.9 -7.8 27 0.07 1.1-1.4 52 Isoleucine 22.1 25.1 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 1.7 18.5 -25.4 78 1.9 20.2 -28.4 54 0.2 3.8-5.1 81 Valine 23.4 26.6 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 1.9 18.5 -29.1 88 2.1 21.1 -32.1 62 0.3 4.1-5.8 89 Leucine 37.2 42.2 g/kg 7.7 g/16g N 2.2 29.6 -42.6 84 2.5 33.8 -46.7 59 0.4 6.5-8.7 86 Phenylalanine 24.5 27.9 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N 1.6 19.9 -28.5 89 1.8 22.7 -31.3 64 0.2 4.4-5.7 91 Tyrosine 17.1 19.4 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 1.8 14.5 -21.6 69 2 15.8 -23.4 50 0.3 2.9-4.4 72 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 41.6 47.3 g/kg 8.6 g/16g N 3 34.4 -49.5 69 3.4 39.2 -53.7 49 0.5 7.7-10.1 71 Histidine 12.9 14.7 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 1 11.1 -15.6 78 1.1 12.6 -17.7 53 0.2 2.4-3.2 80 Arginine 35.5 40.3 g/kg 7.3 g/16g N 2.8 30.3 -44.9 87 3.1 32.9 -48.9 63 0.5 6-9.1 90 Alanine 21.1 24 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1.9 18 -27.6 87 2.2 20.3 -31.2 62 0.3 3.8-5.8 89 Aspartic acid 54.9 62.4 g/kg 11.3 g/16g N 3.9 23.2 -72.8 86 4.4 50.9 -75.9 61 0.6 9-14.1 87 Glutamic acid 86.8 98.7 g/kg 17.9 g/16g N 6.6 71.9 -105 85 7.4 80.9 -119 60 1 15-21.7 87 Glycine 20.3 23.1 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 1.1 16.9 -23.8 87 1.2 19.3 -25.8 61 0.2 3.8-4.9 89 Serine 22.3 25.4 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 2.1 20 -30.5 89 2.4 22.5 -34.9 64 0.4 4.2-6.1 91 Proline 24.1 27.4 g/kg 5 g/16g N 2.1 20.5 -30.6 44 2.3 24.5 -35 18 0.3 4.5-6.2 45 C14:0 myristic acid 0.02 0.03 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.3 0-1.1 14 C16:0 palmitic acid 1.3 1.4 g/kg 11.2 % FA 1.2 -1.3 2 1.4 -1.5 2 2.2 9.6-20.8 22 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.1 % FA 1 1 0.08 0-0.2 7 C18:0 stearic acid 0.4 0.5 g/kg 3.8 % FA 0.4 3.2-4.8 22 C18:1 oleic acid 2.6 3 g/kg 23.1 % FA 1.6 19.8-27.3 23 C18:2 linoleic acid 6.1 6.9 g/kg 54 % FA 2.9 42.9-58.2 22 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.8 0.9 g/kg 7.2 % FA 0.9 4.8-8.7 22 Fatty acids 1.1 1.3 % 75 % fat Vitamin E 4 4.6 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 2.7 3.1 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 2.9 3.3 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 6.4 7.3 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 21.7 24.7 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 14.2 16.2 mg/kg - Folic acid 0.7 0.8 mg/kg - Biotin 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - Choline 2720 3092 mg/kg - Phytase activity 20 20 IU/kg - 1 DE growing pig (kcal) 3630 4130 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (kcal) 3310 3770 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2060 2340 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3820 4340 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3460 3930 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2180 2470 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 87.5 % 1 OM digestibility growing pig - 88.1 % N digestibility growing pig - 90.1 % 1 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 89.8 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 28.8 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 92 % OM digestibility adult pig - 92.6 % N digestibility adult pig - 92.4 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 2 2.3 g/kg 32 % 1 AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2390 2720 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 2350 2670 kcal/kg - Available P broiler 1.4 1.6 g/kg 22 % P PDIA INRA 2007 192 219 g/kg - 1 PDIN INRA 2007 356 405 g/kg - 1 PDIE INRA 2007 243 276 g/kg - 1 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2820 3200 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 91.6 % 1 OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 91.1 % 1 N digestibility ruminants - 80.2 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 96 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 62.9 % Absorbable P ruminants 4.4 5 g/kg 70 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 63 % 1 Immediately degradable N (a) - 13 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 85 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.085 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 67 % 1 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 26 % 1 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 71 % 1 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.08 h-1 1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.9 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.5 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.4 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.4 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 86.4 % Energy digestibility horse - 83 % Horse Forage Unit 0.85 0.97 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 404 460 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3610 4100 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 3150 3580 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 87.1 % N digestibility rabbit - 79.9 % DE salmonids (kcal) 3110 3530 kcal/kg - 3360 -3840 4 Energy digestibility, salmonids - 75 % 66-75 4 N digestibility salmonids - 95 % 77.1-95.9 4 Digestible P salmonids 1 1.1 g/kg 16 % 0.4 -2.1 3 0.5 -2.5 3 5-33 3 Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 27.7 31.5 g/kg 92 % 24.4 -32.4 4 27.7 -33.8 4 84-94 4 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 16.3 18.5 g/kg 89 % 13.7 -21.5 4 15.6 -22.4 4 75-91 4 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 6.4 7.3 g/kg 92 % 87-96 4 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 6.8 7.8 g/kg 89 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 13.2 15 g/kg 91 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 6.2 7.1 g/kg 91 % 1 1 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 20.2 22.9 g/kg 91 % 18.3 -23.8 4 20.7 -24.8 4 81-94 4 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 21.1 24 g/kg 90 % 18.7 -26.9 4 21.3 -28 4 80-94 4 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 33.8 38.5 g/kg 91 % 29.9 -38.5 4 33.9 -40.1 4 82-94 4 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 22.7 25.8 g/kg 92 % 19.7 -25.1 4 22.4 -26.2 4 80-95 4 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 15.8 18 g/kg 93 % 15.1 -19 3 17.1 -19.8 3 89-95 3 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 38.5 43.8 g/kg 93 % 35.8 -40.2 2 40.5 -45 2 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 11.9 13.6 g/kg 92 % 86-95 4 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 33.8 38.4 g/kg 95 % 31.4 -39.1 4 35.6 -40.8 4 89-97 4 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 18.6 21.2 g/kg 88 % 16.8 -21.2 4 19 -22.1 4 81-93 4 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 50.1 56.9 g/kg 91 % 44.9 -64.3 4 51 -67.1 4 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 80.5 91.5 g/kg 93 % 72.9 -94.7 4 81.4 -107 4 85-95 4 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 18.1 20.6 g/kg 89 % 15.8 -18.8 4 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 20.4 23.1 g/kg 91 % 18.3 -26.5 4 20.8 -27.6 4 79-92 4 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 22.1 25.1 g/kg 92 % 22 -25 4 24.9 -26.4 4 82-95 4 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 26.6 30.2 g/kg 88 % 2 87-92 8 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 15.3 17.3 g/kg 83 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.2 7.1 g/kg 90 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.8 6.5 g/kg 75 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 12 13.6 g/kg 82 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 6.1 6.9 g/kg 89 % 88-94 3 Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 19.2 21.9 g/kg 87 % 2 86-93 8 Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 20.1 22.9 g/kg 86 % 2 86-92 8 Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 32.3 36.8 g/kg 87 % 2 85-92 8 Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 21.3 24.3 g/kg 87 % 3 86-94 8 Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 15 17.1 g/kg 88 % 86-89 4 Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 36.3 41.3 g/kg 87 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.3 12.8 g/kg 87 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 31.9 36.3 g/kg 90 % 2 89-94 8 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 18.1 20.6 g/kg 86 % 2 85-92 7 Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 46.1 52.4 g/kg 84 % 2 83-89 7 Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 77.3 87.8 g/kg 89 % 2 87-93 7 Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 17 19.4 g/kg 84 % 2 84-90 8 Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 19.2 21.8 g/kg 86 % 3 84-92 8 Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 20.7 23.6 g/kg 86 % 2 86-91 7 Gross energy (MJ) 17.4 19.7 MJ/kg - 0.3 17 -19.1 19 0.3 19.2 -20.8 20 Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.9 2.1 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 85 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.14 1.3 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.16 1.32 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 135 153 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 185 211 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 254 289 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.12 1.28 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.14 1.29 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 161 183 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 209 237 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 230 262 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1980 2250 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2000 2270 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2950 3350 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 89.7 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 90.2 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 65 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.9 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.5 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.5 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.5 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.5 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.7 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 12.4 14.1 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.3 9.5 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.4 9.6 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 67 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.08 1.23 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.08 1.23 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 196 222 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 242 275 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 197 224 g/kg - Origin USA, processed in France, ex factory Phosphorus consumption 7.68 8.73 g P/kg - Origin USA, processed in France, ex factory Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 6.72 7.64 MJ/kg - Origin USA, processed in France, ex factory Climate change (ILCD) 482 547 g CO2eq/kg - Origin USA, processed in France, ex factory Acidification (ILCD) 0.0093 0.0106 mol H+eq/kg - Origin USA, processed in France, ex factory Eutrophication (CML baseline) 36.17 41.12 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin USA, processed in France, ex factory Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0004 0.0005 m²yr/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.223 0.253 per kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0 0-0.01 5 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.03 0.04 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.09 0.1-0.4 11 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.04 0.1-0.2 6 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:0 behenic acid 0.05 0.06 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.4-0.5 2 C22:1 erucic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-0.3 2 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.02 0.03 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.2-0.2 2 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 3 3.4 g/kg 48 % Available P cockerel 1.4 1.6 g/kg 22 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.05 1.19 per kg - 1 UFV INRA 2007 1.03 1.18 per kg - 1 DE growing pig (MJ) 15.2 17.3 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (MJ) 13.9 15.8 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 8.6 9.8 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 16 18.2 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 14.5 16.5 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 9.1 10.4 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 10 11.4 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 9.8 11.2 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11.8 13.4 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 15.1 17.2 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 13.2 15 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 13 14.8 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1044 1187 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1131 1286 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 237 270 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 205 233 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 5.7 6.5 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.7 1.9 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 72.4 82.4 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.71 4.21 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.97 2.24 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.86 2.12 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.11 2.4 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.48 1.68 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 34 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 42 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7.4 8.4 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 297 337 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 30 34 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0.9 1.1 % - 0.4 -1.9 3 0.4 -2.1 3 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin C 0 0 mg/kg -