Dry matter 90.3 100 % - 1.3 86.2 -97.3 352 2.1 Crude protein 6.3 7 % - 0.5 4.6 -8.1 462 0.5 5.4 -8.5 349 Crude fibre 12.6 14 % - 0.9 8.7 -15.9 457 0.9 10.2 -17.8 337 Crude fat 2.2 2.5 % - 0.7 0.9 -5.1 482 0.7 1.1 -5.6 503 Ash 6.2 6.9 % - 0.6 4.6 -8 353 0.7 5.3 -8.9 271 Insoluble ash 0.2 0.3 % - 0.1 0.02 -0.4 32 0.1 0.06 -0.4 22 NDF 19.5 21.6 % - 1.9 15.5 -27.5 102 2.1 17.5 -31.7 104 ADF 14.3 15.9 % - 1.7 12.2 -21.5 97 1.9 13.2 -23.7 97 Lignin 2.3 2.5 % - 1.5 0.7 -7.5 170 1.6 0.8 -8 177 Water insoluble cell walls 43.3 48 % - Starch 6 6.6 % - 2.9 0 -10.2 61 3.3 0 -11.4 56 Total sugars 22 24.4 % - 3 11 -34.2 194 3.3 12 -36.7 137 Gross energy (kcal) 3790 4190 kcal/kg - 100 3600 -3970 18 90 3970 -4420 21 Calcium 15.4 17 g/kg - 2.8 1.3 -36 561 3.1 1.5 -39.7 533 Phosphorus 0.9 1 g/kg - 0.2 0.3 -2.3 459 0.2 0.3 -2.7 460 Phytate phosphorus 0.4 0.4 g/kg 40 % P Magnesium 1.2 1.3 g/kg - 0.4 0.8 -2.3 19 0.5 0.9 -2.6 29 Potassium 8.4 9.4 g/kg - 1.7 4.9 -12.2 24 1.8 5.5 -13.9 30 Sodium 1.2 1.33 g/kg - 1.64 0.1 -5.6 27 Chlorine 0.3 0.3 g/kg - 0.1 0 -0.4 8 0.2 0.1 -0.6 17 Sulfur 1.1 1.2 g/kg - 1 0.5 -2.9 15 Dietary cation-anion difference 191 211 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 261 289 mEq/kg - Manganese 7 8 mg/kg - 3 5 -19 10 3 5 -14 19 Zinc 12 14 mg/kg - 13 5 -52 10 14 6 -57 19 Copper 3 4 mg/kg - 2 2 -9 15 2 2 -10 23 Iron 72 80 mg/kg - 29 43 -654 15 32 46 -144 19 Cobalt 0.1 0.2 mg/kg - 0.05 0.09 -0.2 5 0.05 0.1 -0.2 5 Molybdenum 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 1 0.5 0 -1 11 Iodine 0.09 0.1 mg/kg - 0.09 -0.09 4 0.1 -0.1 4 Lysine 2.1 2.4 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N 0.5 0.9 -2.3 7 0.5 1.1 -2.5 7 0.7 1.9-4 8 Threonine 2 2.2 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 0.3 1.1 -2 6 0.4 2.3-3.6 7 Methionine 0.8 0.8 g/kg 1.2 g/16g N 0.1 1-1.4 7 Cystine 0.6 0.7 g/kg 1 g/16g N 0.1 0.8-1.1 5 Methionine + cystine 1.4 1.5 g/kg 2.2 g/16g N 0.09 1.1 -1.2 5 0.1 1.2 -1.4 5 Tryptophan 0.6 0.6 g/kg 0.9 g/16g N 1 1 0.8-1 2 Isoleucine 2 2.3 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 0.3 1 -2.1 7 0.4 1.2 -2.3 7 0.6 2-4.1 8 Valine 2.7 3 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 0.4 1.4 -2.7 6 0.5 1.6 -3 6 0.7 2.8-4.9 7 Leucine 3.4 3.8 g/kg 5.5 g/16g N 0.7 4-6.5 8 Phenylalanine 2.5 2.8 g/kg 4 g/16g N 0.6 1 -2.6 6 0.6 1.2 -2.9 6 1 2.1-5 7 Tyrosine 1.8 2 g/kg 2.8 g/16g N 0.5 0.6 -2 6 0.8 1.1-3.3 6 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 4.3 4.8 g/kg 6.8 g/16g N 1 1.6 -4.4 6 1.1 1.9 -4.8 6 1.9 3.2-8.3 6 Histidine 1.3 1.4 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N 0.3 0.5 -1.4 7 0.4 0.6 -1.6 7 0.6 1-2.7 8 Arginine 3 3.3 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 1.1 2.5-5.7 7 Alanine 2.8 3.1 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 0.3 1.6 -2.8 7 0.4 1.9 -3.1 7 0.5 3.3-5 7 Aspartic acid 6.4 7.1 g/kg 10.1 g/16g N 0.9 4.1 -6.5 7 0.9 4.8 -7.3 7 1.7 7.5-11.9 7 Glutamic acid 5.1 5.7 g/kg 8.2 g/16g N 0.6 3.2 -5.4 7 0.7 3.7 -6 7 1.1 6.5-9.9 7 Glycine 2.7 2.9 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 0.6 3-5 7 Serine 2.6 2.9 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 0.9 2.6-5 6 Proline 5.2 5.8 g/kg 8.3 g/16g N 1 1 1 C12:0 lauric acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.8 0.4-2.5 12 C14:0 myristic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.7 % FA 0.6-0.8 4 C16:0 palmitic acid 3 3.3 g/kg 22.5 % FA 0.6 2.5 -4 5 0.6 2.8 -4.4 5 2.6 18-26.4 17 C18:0 stearic acid 0.6 0.7 g/kg 4.8 % FA 0.1 0.4 -0.7 5 0.1 0.5 -0.8 5 4.1 1.7-15.9 17 C18:1 oleic acid 2 2.2 g/kg 14.9 % FA 9.8 2.4-31.9 17 C18:2 linoleic acid 4.4 4.9 g/kg 32.8 % FA 0.6 3.7 -5.5 5 0.7 4.2 -6 5 8.4 14.6-44.7 17 C18:3 linolenic acid 2.7 2.9 g/kg 19.8 % FA 9.6 6.3-36.6 17 Fatty acids 1.3 1.5 % 60 % fat 4 56-66 5 DE growing pig (kcal) 2850 3160 kcal/kg - 1 ME growing pig (kcal) 2740 3030 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1790 1980 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3150 3490 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2950 3270 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1990 2210 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 75.4 % 1 OM digestibility growing pig - 78.8 % 1 N digestibility growing pig - 56.6 % 1 Crude fat digestibility pig - 36.3 % 1 Energy digestibility adult pig - 83.2 % OM digestibility adult pig - 85.9 % N digestibility adult pig - 85 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1380 1530 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 1340 1490 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 22 24 g/kg - 1 PDIN INRA 2007 45 49 g/kg - 1 PDIE INRA 2007 86 95 g/kg - 1 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2610 2890 kcal/kg - 130 2430 -2790 7 130 2720 -3150 7 Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 82.5 % 3.4 79-89 7 OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 86.6 % 3.1 83-91 13 N digestibility ruminants - 65.9 % 8.8 41.1-68.4 14 N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 92 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 65.1 % Absorbable P ruminants 0.9 0.9 g/kg 91 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 66 % 1 Immediately degradable N (a) - 35 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 59 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.065 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 0 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 71 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 34 % 1 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 61 % 1 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.095 h-1 1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.1 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.8 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.1 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 70.8 % Energy digestibility horse - 68.2 % Horse Forage Unit 0.8 0.88 per kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2540 2820 kcal/kg - 2370 -3360 3 2690 -3730 3 ME rabbit (kcal) 2490 2760 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 67.2 % 64-89.2 3 N digestibility rabbit - 59.7 % 17.3-88.5 3 Gross energy (MJ) 15.9 17.6 MJ/kg - 0.4 15.1 -16.6 18 0.4 16.6 -18.5 21 Absorbable Ca ruminants 3.1 3.4 g/kg 20 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 83 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.02 1.13 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.03 1.14 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 17 19 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 71 79 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -53 -58 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1 1.11 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.01 1.11 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 20 22 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 72 80 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -53 -59 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1760 1950 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1770 1960 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2640 2920 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 85.2 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 81.1 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 65 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.1 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.2 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 11.2 12.4 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.5 8.3 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.6 8.4 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 71 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.96 1.07 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.96 1.07 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 24 26 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 76 84 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -57 -63 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.196 0.218 per kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 1.3 % FA 0.09 -0.3 4 0.1 -0.3 4 1.2 0-4.1 16 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.04 0.04 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.3 0-0.7 12 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0.08 0.09 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.5 0-1.3 12 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 1.1 % FA 0.5 0-1.8 12 Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.3 0.3 g/kg 30 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.4 0.5 g/kg 45 % Available P cockerel 0.2 0.3 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.2 0.3 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.97 1.07 per kg - 0.07 0.86 -1.05 7 0.07 0.96 -1.17 7 UFV INRA 2007 0.96 1.07 per kg - 0.07 0.83 -1.05 7 0.08 0.93 -1.17 7 DE salmonids (kcal) 1850 2050 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 48.8 % N digestibility salmonids - 75.1 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.8 g/kg 78 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.7 g/kg 77 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 0.7 g/kg 84 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.5 g/kg 76 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.9 1 g/kg 80 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 0.5 g/kg 78 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.8 g/kg 81 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 2.1 2.4 g/kg 80 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 2.9 3.2 g/kg 83 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 2.1 2.4 g/kg 84 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.6 g/kg 83 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.5 g/kg 84 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.2 g/kg 82 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 2.9 g/kg 88 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 2.2 2.4 g/kg 79 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 5.1 5.7 g/kg 80 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 4.4 4.9 g/kg 86 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 2 2.2 g/kg 76 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 2.1 2.3 g/kg 80 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.7 g/kg 81 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 1.9 g/kg 79 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.5 1.7 g/kg 75 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 0.7 g/kg 84 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 0.5 g/kg 72 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.9 1 g/kg 78 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 0.5 g/kg 79 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 1.8 g/kg 80 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 2.4 g/kg 79 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.8 3.1 g/kg 81 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 2.3 g/kg 82 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.4 1.6 g/kg 79 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3 3.4 g/kg 81 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.1 g/kg 79 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.7 g/kg 82 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.4 g/kg 79 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 4.8 5.4 g/kg 76 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 4.7 g/kg 83 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.2 g/kg 76 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.2 g/kg 78 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.6 g/kg 80 % DE growing pig (MJ) 11.9 13.2 MJ/kg - 1 ME growing pig (MJ) 11.5 12.7 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 7.5 8.3 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 13.2 14.6 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 12.4 13.7 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 8.3 9.2 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 5.8 6.4 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 5.6 6.2 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 10.9 12.1 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 10.6 11.8 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 10.4 11.5 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 7.7 8.6 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 969 1073 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1054 1167 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 76 84 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -63 -70 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 5.5 6.1 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.8 2 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 67.8 75.1 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 2.93 3.24 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.45 1.61 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.37 1.51 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.57 1.74 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.01 1.12 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 32 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 37 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.9 7.6 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 127 141 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -10 -11 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0.05 0.05 % - 1 1 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -