Dry matter
90.3
100
%
-
1.3
86.2 -97.3
352
2.1
Crude protein
6.3
7
%
-
0.5
4.6 -8.1
462
0.5
5.4 -8.5
349
Crude fibre
12.6
14
%
-
0.9
8.7 -15.9
457
0.9
10.2 -17.8
337
Crude fat
2.2
2.5
%
-
0.7
0.9 -5.1
482
0.7
1.1 -5.6
503
Ash
6.2
6.9
%
-
0.6
4.6 -8
353
0.7
5.3 -8.9
271
Insoluble ash
0.2
0.3
%
-
0.1
0.02 -0.4
32
0.1
0.06 -0.4
22
NDF
19.5
21.6
%
-
1.9
15.5 -27.5
102
2.1
17.5 -31.7
104
ADF
14.3
15.9
%
-
1.7
12.2 -21.5
97
1.9
13.2 -23.7
97
Lignin
2.3
2.5
%
-
1.5
0.7 -7.5
170
1.6
0.8 -8
177
Water insoluble cell walls
43.3
48
%
-
Starch
6
6.6
%
-
2.9
0 -10.2
61
3.3
0 -11.4
56
Total sugars
22
24.4
%
-
3
11 -34.2
194
3.3
12 -36.7
137
Gross energy (kcal)
3790
4190
kcal/kg
-
100
3600 -3970
18
90
3970 -4420
21
Calcium
15.4
17
g/kg
-
2.8
1.3 -36
561
3.1
1.5 -39.7
533
Phosphorus
0.9
1
g/kg
-
0.2
0.3 -2.3
459
0.2
0.3 -2.7
460
Phytate phosphorus
0.4
0.4
g/kg
40
% P
Magnesium
1.2
1.3
g/kg
-
0.4
0.8 -2.3
19
0.5
0.9 -2.6
29
Potassium
8.4
9.4
g/kg
-
1.7
4.9 -12.2
24
1.8
5.5 -13.9
30
Sodium
1.2
1.33
g/kg
-
1.64
0.1 -5.6
27
Chlorine
0.3
0.3
g/kg
-
0.1
0 -0.4
8
0.2
0.1 -0.6
17
Sulfur
1.1
1.2
g/kg
-
1
0.5 -2.9
15
Dietary cation-anion difference
191
211
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
261
289
mEq/kg
-
Manganese
7
8
mg/kg
-
3
5 -19
10
3
5 -14
19
Zinc
12
14
mg/kg
-
13
5 -52
10
14
6 -57
19
Copper
3
4
mg/kg
-
2
2 -9
15
2
2 -10
23
Iron
72
80
mg/kg
-
29
43 -654
15
32
46 -144
19
Cobalt
0.1
0.2
mg/kg
-
0.05
0.09 -0.2
5
0.05
0.1 -0.2
5
Molybdenum
0.2
0.2
mg/kg
-
1
0.5
0 -1
11
Iodine
0.09
0.1
mg/kg
-
0.09 -0.09
4
0.1 -0.1
4
Lysine
2.1
2.4
g/kg
3.4
g/16g N
0.5
0.9 -2.3
7
0.5
1.1 -2.5
7
0.7
1.9-4
8
Threonine
2
2.2
g/kg
3.2
g/16g N
0.3
1.1 -2
6
0.4
2.3-3.6
7
Methionine
0.8
0.8
g/kg
1.2
g/16g N
0.1
1-1.4
7
Cystine
0.6
0.7
g/kg
1
g/16g N
0.1
0.8-1.1
5
Methionine + cystine
1.4
1.5
g/kg
2.2
g/16g N
0.09
1.1 -1.2
5
0.1
1.2 -1.4
5
Tryptophan
0.6
0.6
g/kg
0.9
g/16g N
1
1
0.8-1
2
Isoleucine
2
2.3
g/kg
3.2
g/16g N
0.3
1 -2.1
7
0.4
1.2 -2.3
7
0.6
2-4.1
8
Valine
2.7
3
g/kg
4.3
g/16g N
0.4
1.4 -2.7
6
0.5
1.6 -3
6
0.7
2.8-4.9
7
Leucine
3.4
3.8
g/kg
5.5
g/16g N
0.7
4-6.5
8
Phenylalanine
2.5
2.8
g/kg
4
g/16g N
0.6
1 -2.6
6
0.6
1.2 -2.9
6
1
2.1-5
7
Tyrosine
1.8
2
g/kg
2.8
g/16g N
0.5
0.6 -2
6
0.8
1.1-3.3
6
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
4.3
4.8
g/kg
6.8
g/16g N
1
1.6 -4.4
6
1.1
1.9 -4.8
6
1.9
3.2-8.3
6
Histidine
1.3
1.4
g/kg
2.1
g/16g N
0.3
0.5 -1.4
7
0.4
0.6 -1.6
7
0.6
1-2.7
8
Arginine
3
3.3
g/kg
4.8
g/16g N
1.1
2.5-5.7
7
Alanine
2.8
3.1
g/kg
4.4
g/16g N
0.3
1.6 -2.8
7
0.4
1.9 -3.1
7
0.5
3.3-5
7
Aspartic acid
6.4
7.1
g/kg
10.1
g/16g N
0.9
4.1 -6.5
7
0.9
4.8 -7.3
7
1.7
7.5-11.9
7
Glutamic acid
5.1
5.7
g/kg
8.2
g/16g N
0.6
3.2 -5.4
7
0.7
3.7 -6
7
1.1
6.5-9.9
7
Glycine
2.7
2.9
g/kg
4.2
g/16g N
0.6
3-5
7
Serine
2.6
2.9
g/kg
4.1
g/16g N
0.9
2.6-5
6
Proline
5.2
5.8
g/kg
8.3
g/16g N
1
1
1
C12:0 lauric acid
0.1
0.1
g/kg
0.8
% FA
0.8
0.4-2.5
12
C14:0 myristic acid
0.1
0.1
g/kg
0.7
% FA
0.6-0.8
4
C16:0 palmitic acid
3
3.3
g/kg
22.5
% FA
0.6
2.5 -4
5
0.6
2.8 -4.4
5
2.6
18-26.4
17
C18:0 stearic acid
0.6
0.7
g/kg
4.8
% FA
0.1
0.4 -0.7
5
0.1
0.5 -0.8
5
4.1
1.7-15.9
17
C18:1 oleic acid
2
2.2
g/kg
14.9
% FA
9.8
2.4-31.9
17
C18:2 linoleic acid
4.4
4.9
g/kg
32.8
% FA
0.6
3.7 -5.5
5
0.7
4.2 -6
5
8.4
14.6-44.7
17
C18:3 linolenic acid
2.7
2.9
g/kg
19.8
% FA
9.6
6.3-36.6
17
Fatty acids
1.3
1.5
%
60
% fat
4
56-66
5
DE growing pig (kcal)
2850
3160
kcal/kg
-
1
ME growing pig (kcal)
2740
3030
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
1790
1980
kcal/kg
-
DE adult pig (kcal)
3150
3490
kcal/kg
-
ME adult pig (kcal)
2950
3270
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
1990
2210
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
75.4
%
1
OM digestibility growing pig
-
78.8
%
1
N digestibility growing pig
-
56.6
%
1
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
36.3
%
1
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
83.2
%
OM digestibility adult pig
-
85.9
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
85
%
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
1380
1530
kcal/kg
-
AMEn broiler (kcal)
1340
1490
kcal/kg
-
PDIA INRA 2007
22
24
g/kg
-
1
PDIN INRA 2007
45
49
g/kg
-
1
PDIE INRA 2007
86
95
g/kg
-
1
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
2610
2890
kcal/kg
-
130
2430 -2790
7
130
2720 -3150
7
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
82.5
%
3.4
79-89
7
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
86.6
%
3.1
83-91
13
N digestibility ruminants
-
65.9
%
8.8
41.1-68.4
14
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
92
%
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
65.1
%
Absorbable P ruminants
0.9
0.9
g/kg
91
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
66
%
1
Immediately degradable N (a)
-
35
%
1
Potentially degradable N (b)
-
59
%
1
Degradation rate of particles N (c)
-
0.065
h-1
1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
0
%
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
71
%
Immediately degradable DM (a)
-
34
%
1
Potentially degradable DM (b)
-
61
%
1
Degradation rate of particles DM (c)
-
0.095
h-1
1
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
7.1
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.2
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
1.9
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.4
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.8
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
8.1
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.2
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.1
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.8
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
70.8
%
Energy digestibility horse
-
68.2
%
Horse Forage Unit
0.8
0.88
per kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
2540
2820
kcal/kg
-
2370 -3360
3
2690 -3730
3
ME rabbit (kcal)
2490
2760
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
67.2
%
64-89.2
3
N digestibility rabbit
-
59.7
%
17.3-88.5
3
Gross energy (MJ)
15.9
17.6
MJ/kg
-
0.4
15.1 -16.6
18
0.4
16.6 -18.5
21
Absorbable Ca ruminants
3.1
3.4
g/kg
20
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
83
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
1.02
1.13
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
1.03
1.14
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
17
19
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
71
79
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
-53
-58
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
1
1.11
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
1.01
1.11
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
20
22
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
72
80
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
-53
-59
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1760
1950
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1770
1960
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2640
2920
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
85.2
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
81.1
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
65
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
0
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
7.1
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.2
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.1
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.2
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.8
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
8.2
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.2
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.1
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.9
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
11.2
12.4
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
7.5
8.3
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
7.6
8.4
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
71
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
0.96
1.07
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
0.96
1.07
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
24
26
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
76
84
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
-57
-63
g/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.196
0.218
per kg
-
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0.2
0.2
g/kg
1.3
% FA
0.09 -0.3
4
0.1 -0.3
4
1.2
0-4.1
16
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:0 arachidic acid
0.04
0.04
g/kg
0.3
% FA
0.3
0-0.7
12
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:0 behenic acid
0.08
0.09
g/kg
0.6
% FA
0.5
0-1.3
12
C22:1 erucic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0.2
0.2
g/kg
1.1
% FA
0.5
0-1.8
12
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
0.3
0.3
g/kg
30
%
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
0.4
0.5
g/kg
45
%
Available P cockerel
0.2
0.3
g/kg
25
% P
Available P broiler
0.2
0.3
g/kg
25
% P
UFL INRA 2007
0.97
1.07
per kg
-
0.07
0.86 -1.05
7
0.07
0.96 -1.17
7
UFV INRA 2007
0.96
1.07
per kg
-
0.07
0.83 -1.05
7
0.08
0.93 -1.17
7
DE salmonids (kcal)
1850
2050
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
48.8
%
N digestibility salmonids
-
75.1
%
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
1.7
1.8
g/kg
78
%
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
1.5
1.7
g/kg
77
%
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
0.6
0.7
g/kg
84
%
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
0.5
0.5
g/kg
76
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
0.9
1
g/kg
80
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
0.4
0.5
g/kg
78
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
1.7
1.8
g/kg
81
%
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
2.1
2.4
g/kg
80
%
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
2.9
3.2
g/kg
83
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
2.1
2.4
g/kg
84
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
1.5
1.6
g/kg
83
%
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
3.1
3.5
g/kg
84
%
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
1.1
1.2
g/kg
82
%
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
2.6
2.9
g/kg
88
%
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
2.2
2.4
g/kg
79
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
5.1
5.7
g/kg
80
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
4.4
4.9
g/kg
86
%
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
2
2.2
g/kg
76
%
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
2.1
2.3
g/kg
80
%
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
4.2
4.7
g/kg
81
%
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.7
1.9
g/kg
79
%
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.5
1.7
g/kg
75
%
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
0.6
0.7
g/kg
84
%
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
0.4
0.5
g/kg
72
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
0.9
1
g/kg
78
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
0.4
0.5
g/kg
79
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.6
1.8
g/kg
80
%
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.1
2.4
g/kg
79
%
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.8
3.1
g/kg
81
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.1
2.3
g/kg
82
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.4
1.6
g/kg
79
%
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
3
3.4
g/kg
81
%
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
1
1.1
g/kg
79
%
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.5
2.7
g/kg
82
%
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.2
2.4
g/kg
79
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
4.8
5.4
g/kg
76
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
4.3
4.7
g/kg
83
%
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
2
2.2
g/kg
76
%
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
2
2.2
g/kg
78
%
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
4.1
4.6
g/kg
80
%
DE growing pig (MJ)
11.9
13.2
MJ/kg
-
1
ME growing pig (MJ)
11.5
12.7
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
7.5
8.3
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
13.2
14.6
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
12.4
13.7
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
8.3
9.2
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
5.8
6.4
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
5.6
6.2
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
10.9
12.1
MJ/kg
-
DE rabbit (MJ)
10.6
11.8
MJ/kg
-
ME rabbit (MJ)
10.4
11.5
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
7.7
8.6
MJ/kg
-
VEM CVB 2018
969
1073
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
1054
1167
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
76
84
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
-63
-70
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
5.5
6.1
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
1.8
2
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
67.8
75.1
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
2.93
3.24
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.45
1.61
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
1.37
1.51
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.57
1.74
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.01
1.12
Mcal/kg
-
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
32
%
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
37
%
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
6.9
7.6
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
127
141
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
-10
-11
g/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
0.05
0.05
%
-
1
1
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-