Dry matter 91.5 100 % - 2 85.9 -96.6 69 3 Crude protein 9.2 10 % - 0.8 7.1 -11.2 67 0.8 7.5 -12.2 73 Crude fibre 38.8 42.4 % - 4.6 30 -52.7 62 5 32.3 -58.6 69 Crude fat 11.6 12.7 % - 2 7.6 -16.7 58 2.2 6.9 -17.8 64 Ash 3.1 3.3 % - 0.6 2.4 -4.6 25 0.6 2.2 -4.9 32 NDF 63.7 69.5 % - 4.8 49.2 -70.7 52 5 54.2 -82.2 55 ADF 54.1 59.1 % - 4.9 40.5 -64.7 52 5.2 44.7 -73.8 55 Lignin 40.5 44.2 % - 6.1 26.5 -54.4 53 6.6 28.8 -62.3 56 Starch 1.9 2.1 % - 0.9 -2.7 4 1 -2.9 4 Total sugars 1.1 1.2 % - Gross energy (kcal) 4760 5190 kcal/kg - 1 Calcium 6.3 6.9 g/kg - 1.4 4.7 -8.6 17 1.5 4 -9.1 18 Phosphorus 1.9 2.1 g/kg - 0.4 1.3 -2.8 17 0.5 1.4 -3 18 Magnesium 1.1 1.2 g/kg - 1.2 -1.2 2 Potassium 4.9 5.3 g/kg - 1.6 3.4 -8.3 17 1.7 3.8 -8.8 18 Sodium 0.09 0.1 g/kg - 0.05 0 -0.2 13 0.06 0 -0.22 11 Chlorine 0.4 0.4 g/kg - 0.5 0 -1.8 14 0.5 0.07 -2 12 Electrolyte balance 118 129 mEq/kg - Zinc 10 11 mg/kg - 11 -11 2 Copper 13 14 mg/kg - 3 11 -21 17 3 9 -24 17 Iron 31 34 mg/kg - 34 -34 2 Selenium 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - 1 1 Lysine 3.6 3.9 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N Threonine 3.2 3.5 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N Methionine 1 1.1 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N Cystine 1.1 1.2 g/kg 1.2 g/16g N Methionine + cystine 2 2.2 g/kg 2.2 g/16g N Tryptophan 0.9 1 g/kg 1 g/16g N Isoleucine 3.3 3.6 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N Valine 3.5 3.8 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N Leucine 5.9 6.5 g/kg 6.5 g/16g N Phenylalanine 3.1 3.4 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N Tyrosine 1.9 2 g/kg 2 g/16g N Phenylalanine + tyrosine 5 5.4 g/kg 5.4 g/16g N Histidine 1.9 2 g/kg 2 g/16g N Arginine 4.8 5.2 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N Alanine 4 4.4 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N Aspartic acid 4.6 5.1 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N Glutamic acid 14.4 15.7 g/kg 15.7 g/16g N Glycine 5.9 6.4 g/kg 6.4 g/16g N Serine 3.3 3.6 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N Proline 3.3 3.6 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N C14:0 myristic acid 0.06 0.07 g/kg 0.06 % FA 0.03 0-0.08 9 C16:0 palmitic acid 7.9 8.6 g/kg 7.1 % FA 1 5.5-9.2 17 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.2 0-0.6 12 C18:0 stearic acid 4.8 5.2 g/kg 4.3 % FA 0.8 3.4-5.9 17 C18:1 oleic acid 17.7 19.4 g/kg 16.1 % FA 3.6 10.8-24.9 17 C18:2 linoleic acid 78.2 85.5 g/kg 70.9 % FA 4.5 60.9-78.2 17 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.5 0.5 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.1 0.2-0.6 17 Fatty acids 11 12.1 % 95 % fat DE growing pig (kcal) 2020 2210 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 1920 2090 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1270 1380 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 2360 2570 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2180 2380 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1410 1550 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 42.5 % OM digestibility growing pig - 47.2 % N digestibility growing pig - 30.6 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 65.5 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 49.5 % OM digestibility adult pig - 54.8 % N digestibility adult pig - 52.4 % PDIA INRA 2007 8 9 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 30 33 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 13 15 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 940 1030 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 24.8 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 25.1 % N digestibility ruminants - 29.6 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 15 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 77.5 % N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 47 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 7 % Potentially degradable N (b) - 56 % Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.155 h-1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 19 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 0 % Potentially degradable DM (b) - 33 % Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.08 h-1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.6 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.6 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.6 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 50.6 % 1 Energy digestibility horse - 49.1 % Horse Forage Unit 0.7 0.76 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 28 30 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 1450 1580 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 1430 1560 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 30.4 % N digestibility rabbit - 12.1 % Gross energy (MJ) 19.9 21.7 MJ/kg - 1 Absorbable Ca ruminants 3.5 3.8 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 50 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.29 0.31 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.17 0.18 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 7 7 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 37 40 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -13 -14 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.26 0.28 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.14 0.16 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 7 8 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 36 39 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -13 -15 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 460 500 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 250 270 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 850 930 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 23.7 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 23.5 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 49 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.4 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.7 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.4 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 3.5 3.8 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 1.9 2 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 1 1.1 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 20 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.21 0.23 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.1 0.11 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 8 8 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 36 39 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -16 -18 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.611 0.668 per kg - Insoluble ash 1.1 1.2 % - Water insoluble cell walls 62.9 68.7 % - Phytate phosphorus 1.1 1.2 g/kg 60 % P Sulfur 1.4 1.6 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 30 32 mEq/kg - Cobalt 0.4 0.4 mg/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.01 % FA 1 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.02 0.2-0.2 15 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.08 0.1-0.4 10 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.6 0.6 g/kg 30 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.9 0.9 g/kg 45 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1340 1470 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 1220 1340 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 0.5 0.5 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.5 0.5 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.29 0.31 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.17 0.18 per kg - Absorbable P ruminants 1.3 1.5 g/kg 70 % P DE salmonids (kcal) 2620 2870 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 55.2 % N digestibility salmonids - 79.4 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 1.9 g/kg 49 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.8 g/kg 53 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 0.7 g/kg 70 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.5 g/kg 45 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.2 1.3 g/kg 57 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.5 g/kg 54 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 2.1 2.3 g/kg 65 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 2.1 2.3 g/kg 60 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 3.9 4.3 g/kg 66 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 2.2 2.4 g/kg 70 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.2 1.3 g/kg 65 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.4 3.7 g/kg 68 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1.2 1.3 g/kg 62 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 3.7 4 g/kg 77 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 2.3 2.5 g/kg 56 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 2.9 3.1 g/kg 62 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 10.4 11.3 g/kg 72 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 2.5 2.7 g/kg 42 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2.1 g/kg 58 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2.1 g/kg 59 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.4 g/kg 62 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 2 g/kg 58 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 0.7 g/kg 71 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 0.7 g/kg 60 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 1.5 g/kg 65 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.6 g/kg 63 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.4 g/kg 67 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.4 g/kg 64 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.9 4.2 g/kg 65 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 2.3 g/kg 68 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 1.2 g/kg 59 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.2 3.5 g/kg 64 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.2 1.3 g/kg 63 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.2 3.5 g/kg 68 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.6 2.8 g/kg 64 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 2.9 3.1 g/kg 62 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 9.8 10.7 g/kg 68 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.4 3.7 g/kg 58 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 2.3 g/kg 63 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 2.3 g/kg 65 % DE growing pig (MJ) 8.5 9.2 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 8 8.8 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 5.3 5.8 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 9.9 10.8 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 9.1 9.9 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 5.9 6.5 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 5.6 6.1 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 5.1 5.6 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 4 4.3 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 6.1 6.6 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 6 6.5 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 11 12 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 285 312 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 181 198 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 -38 -41 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 30 33 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 -0.5 -0.6 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 -0.1 -0.1 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 37.4 40.9 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 1.67 1.83 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.68 0.75 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 0.63 0.69 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.6 0.66 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.12 0.13 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 51 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 55 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 2 2.2 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 83 90 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 1 2 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0.08 0.09 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -