Dry matter
90.6
100
%
-
1
83.5 -95.3
1539
1.6
Crude protein
16.2
17.9
%
-
0.6
15 -18
1897
0.6
17 -19
1529
Crude fibre
26.2
28.9
%
-
2.1
17.7 -35.3
1794
2.3
18.9 -36.6
1409
Crude fat
2.2
2.5
%
-
0.5
1 -4.2
556
0.6
1.1 -4.7
568
Ash
11.1
12.3
%
-
1.2
7.7 -18.6
689
1.3
8.1 -19.9
441
Insoluble ash
0.5
0.6
%
-
0.4
0.1 -1.8
28
0.5
0.1 -2
24
NDF
40.9
45.2
%
-
3.4
28.6 -54
660
3.7
33.2 -55.1
577
ADF
29.8
32.9
%
-
2.9
8.6 -41.2
666
3.2
23 -42.2
581
Lignin
7.7
8.5
%
-
1.2
3.3 -23.5
565
1.4
4.8 -13.9
494
Water insoluble cell walls
42
46.3
%
-
1.3
40.8 -43.8
5
45.6 -48.1
3
Starch
2.8
3.1
%
-
0.8
0.5 -4
56
0.9
0.6 -4.4
56
Total sugars
4
4.4
%
-
1.2
1.6 -6.7
32
1.3
1.7 -7
32
Gross energy (kcal)
4000
4420
kcal/kg
-
110
3780 -4140
12
110
4150 -4530
22
Calcium
21.2
23.3
g/kg
-
3.8
7.5 -35
1075
4.2
10.5 -38.6
1040
Phosphorus
2.4
2.7
g/kg
-
0.3
1.4 -3.5
869
0.3
1.5 -3.9
837
Phytate phosphorus
0.1
0.1
g/kg
5
% P
Magnesium
1.9
2
g/kg
-
0.5
1.1 -3.2
130
0.5
1.2 -3.6
130
Potassium
23.6
26
g/kg
-
3.7
13 -33.7
112
4.1
16.6 -37.7
104
Sodium
0.39
0.43
g/kg
-
0.5
0 -2.04
116
0.55
0 -2.3
107
Chlorine
5.4
6
g/kg
-
2.2
0.4 -10.1
66
2.4
0.5 -10.8
49
Sulfur
2.7
2.9
g/kg
-
1.4
2.1 -7.7
22
1.6
2.3 -8.6
23
Dietary cation-anion difference
302
333
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
468
516
mEq/kg
-
Manganese
32
36
mg/kg
-
18
2 -58
13
19
2 -66
15
Zinc
23
25
mg/kg
-
9
7 -59
90
9
8 -64
88
Copper
6
7
mg/kg
-
4
0.9 -40
84
5
1 -44
84
Iron
312
345
mg/kg
-
302
102 -1566
44
333
117 -1768
45
Selenium
0.2
0.3
mg/kg
-
0.1
0 -0.5
26
0.1
0 -0.5
27
Cobalt
0.8
0.9
mg/kg
-
1
Molybdenum
0.3
0.3
mg/kg
-
1
Iodine
0.5
0.5
mg/kg
-
0.2
0 -0.8
26
0.2
0 -0.9
26
Lysine
7.1
7.8
g/kg
4.4
g/16g N
0.7
5.7 -7.9
11
0.8
6.8 -9.5
12
0.4
3.6-5.1
13
Threonine
6
6.6
g/kg
3.7
g/16g N
0.4
5.9 -6.8
8
0.4
6.4 -7.6
9
0.2
3.5-4.3
10
Methionine
1.8
2
g/kg
1.1
g/16g N
0.5
1.2 -2.7
9
0.5
1.4 -2.9
9
0.3
0.7-1.6
10
Cystine
2.1
2.3
g/kg
1.3
g/16g N
1
1
Methionine + cystine
3.9
4.3
g/kg
2.4
g/16g N
1
1
Tryptophan
2.3
2.5
g/kg
1.4
g/16g N
Isoleucine
6.3
7
g/kg
3.9
g/16g N
0.9
5.4 -7.8
9
1
5.8 -9.2
10
0.6
3.3-4.9
11
Valine
9.8
10.9
g/kg
6.1
g/16g N
1.5
7.1 -12.6
10
1.6
7.7 -13.1
11
0.8
4.3-7.1
12
Leucine
11.3
12.5
g/kg
6.9
g/16g N
1.3
9.9 -15.1
8
1.4
11.1 -15.7
9
0.8
6.2-8.5
10
Phenylalanine
7.2
7.9
g/kg
4.4
g/16g N
0.8
6.4 -8.5
11
0.9
6.9 -9.9
12
0.5
3.9-5.4
13
Tyrosine
4.8
5.3
g/kg
2.9
g/16g N
4.2 -6.7
4
5 -7
4
0.5
2.6-3.8
5
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
12
13.2
g/kg
7.4
g/16g N
10.8 -15.2
4
12.9 -15.8
4
0.7
6.8-8.6
5
Histidine
2.3
2.6
g/kg
1.4
g/16g N
0.6
2.1 -3.3
4
0.6
2.5 -4.2
5
0.3
1.3-2.2
6
Arginine
6.3
7
g/kg
3.9
g/16g N
1.1
5.2 -8.1
8
1.2
5.6 -9.4
9
0.6
3.1-5
10
Alanine
8
8.8
g/kg
4.9
g/16g N
1.3
5.8 -10.9
10
1.4
7 -12.1
10
0.7
3.7-6.5
11
Aspartic acid
16.6
18.3
g/kg
10.2
g/16g N
2.6
13.3 -21.5
8
2.9
15 -23.5
8
1.6
8.1-12.8
9
Glutamic acid
14.8
16.4
g/kg
9.1
g/16g N
0.7
12.6 -15.7
9
0.8
14.3 -16.7
9
0.5
8-9.3
10
Glycine
7
7.7
g/kg
4.3
g/16g N
1
6.2 -7.9
10
1
6.9 -10.1
11
0.5
3.9-5.4
12
Serine
6.7
7.4
g/kg
4.1
g/16g N
0.6
6.1 -7.3
8
0.6
6.7 -8.4
8
0.3
3.8-4.8
9
Proline
6.6
7.3
g/kg
4.1
g/16g N
C12:0 lauric acid
0.08
0.09
g/kg
0.7
% FA
0.7
0.1-1.9
7
C14:0 myristic acid
0.2
0.2
g/kg
1.5
% FA
1.1
0.4-3.1
8
C16:0 palmitic acid
1.8
2
g/kg
16.6
% FA
3
13.3-21.3
8
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0.1
0.2
g/kg
1.3
% FA
1.2
0.2-3.8
8
C18:0 stearic acid
0.3
0.3
g/kg
2.8
% FA
1.1
1.3-4.8
8
C18:1 oleic acid
0.8
0.9
g/kg
7.6
% FA
2.8
3.4-11.7
8
C18:2 linoleic acid
3.3
3.6
g/kg
29.3
% FA
7.4
17.6-40
8
C18:3 linolenic acid
4
4.4
g/kg
35.8
% FA
8.3
25.7-51.4
8
C20:0 arachidic acid
0.09
0.09
g/kg
0.8
% FA
0.3
0.4-1.1
8
C22:0 behenic acid
0.1
0.1
g/kg
0.9
% FA
1
1
0.7
0.3-2.3
8
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0.1
0.1
g/kg
1
% FA
0.9
0-2.8
8
Fatty acids
1.1
1.2
%
50
% fat
Xanthophylls
226
250
mg/kg
-
79
30 -472
160
87
63 -508
64
DE growing pig (kcal)
1740
1920
kcal/kg
-
1
ME growing pig (kcal)
1630
1790
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
900
1000
kcal/kg
-
DE adult pig (kcal)
1890
2080
kcal/kg
-
ME adult pig (kcal)
1710
1890
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
970
1070
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
43.5
%
1
OM digestibility growing pig
-
49.2
%
1
N digestibility growing pig
-
34.6
%
1
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
16.8
%
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
47.2
%
OM digestibility adult pig
-
52.8
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
39.9
%
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
1090
1200
kcal/kg
-
Available P broiler
2.1
2.3
g/kg
85
% P
PDIA INRA 2007
54
59
g/kg
-
51 -62
4
PDIN INRA 2007
106
117
g/kg
-
115 -124
4
PDIE INRA 2007
92
102
g/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
1910
2110
kcal/kg
-
1
1
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
60.3
%
1
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
63.1
%
N digestibility ruminants
-
68.8
%
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
75
%
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
62.2
%
Absorbable P ruminants
1.8
2
g/kg
74
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
60
%
Immediately degradable N (a)
-
26
%
Potentially degradable N (b)
-
57
%
53-64
2
Degradation rate of particles N (c)
-
0.09
h-1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
80
%
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
52
%
50-71
4
Immediately degradable DM (a)
-
26
%
25-39
2
Potentially degradable DM (b)
-
47
%
37-57
3
Degradation rate of particles DM (c)
-
0.075
h-1
0.035-0.119
3
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
6.7
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.1
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
1.6
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.3
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
6.6
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
8.7
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.4
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
1.9
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.7
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
61.8
%
1
Energy digestibility horse
-
57.5
%
1
Horse Forage Unit
0.57
0.63
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
97
107
g/kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
1790
1980
kcal/kg
-
1
1
ME rabbit (kcal)
1670
1850
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
44.8
%
1
N digestibility rabbit
-
58.8
%
55-59
2
DE salmonids (kcal)
2210
2440
kcal/kg
-
1
1
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
43
%
1
N digestibility salmonids
-
87
%
1
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
4
4.5
g/kg
57
%
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
3.8
4.2
g/kg
64
%
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
1.3
1.5
g/kg
75
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
4.4
4.8
g/kg
69
%
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
6.6
7.3
g/kg
67
%
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
8.2
9
g/kg
72
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
5.2
5.7
g/kg
72
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
3.2
3.5
g/kg
67
%
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
8.4
9.2
g/kg
70
%
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
1.3
1.5
g/kg
58
%
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
4.7
5.2
g/kg
75
%
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
5.5
6.1
g/kg
69
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
12.4
13.7
g/kg
75
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
10.3
11.4
g/kg
70
%
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
3.6
4
g/kg
51
%
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
4.2
4.7
g/kg
63
%
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.2
4.6
g/kg
59
%
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.5
3.8
g/kg
57
%
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.1
1.2
g/kg
60
%
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.1
1.2
g/kg
54
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.2
2.4
g/kg
57
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
1.3
1.4
g/kg
55
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.7
4
g/kg
58
%
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.6
6.2
g/kg
57
%
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.4
7
g/kg
56
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.1
4.5
g/kg
56
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.7
3
g/kg
57
%
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.8
7.5
g/kg
57
%
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.3
1.4
g/kg
56
%
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.5
3.9
g/kg
55
%
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.7
5.2
g/kg
59
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
9.4
10.3
g/kg
56
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
8.5
9.4
g/kg
57
%
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.1
4.5
g/kg
58
%
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.8
4.2
g/kg
56
%
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
3.8
4.2
g/kg
57
%
Gross energy (MJ)
16.8
18.5
MJ/kg
-
0.5
15.8 -17.3
12
0.5
17.4 -19
22
Absorbable Ca ruminants
6.3
7
g/kg
30
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
64.2
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
0.7
0.77
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
0.63
0.7
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
43
48
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
87
96
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
23
26
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
0.68
0.75
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
0.6
0.67
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
48
53
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
91
100
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
19
21
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1190
1320
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1060
1170
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1940
2140
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
61.7
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
58.9
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
60
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
82
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
6.8
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.1
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
1.8
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.2
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
6.5
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
8.9
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.4
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
1.9
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.8
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
8.1
9
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
5
5.5
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
4.4
4.9
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
52
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
0.64
0.7
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
0.55
0.61
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
55
61
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
97
107
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
11
12
g/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.347
0.383
per kg
-
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0.01
g/kg
0.04
% FA
1
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0.01
0.02
g/kg
0.1
% FA
0.1
0-0.4
8
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0.04
% FA
0.07
0-0.2
8
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0.01
0.01
g/kg
0.07
% FA
0-0.2
3
C22:1 erucic acid
0.01
0.01
g/kg
0.09
% FA
0.1
0-0.4
8
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0.01
0.01
g/kg
0.07
% FA
0.2
0-0.5
8
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0.01
% FA
0.03
0-0.09
8
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
0.7
0.8
g/kg
30
%
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
1.1
1.2
g/kg
45
%
AMEn broiler (kcal)
1070
1180
kcal/kg
-
Available P cockerel
2.1
2.3
g/kg
85
% P
UFL INRA 2007
0.65
0.72
per kg
-
1
1
UFV INRA 2007
0.57
0.63
per kg
-
1
1
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
0.7
0.8
g/kg
35
%
1
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
2.1
2.3
g/kg
53
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
1.1
1.2
g/kg
46
%
1
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
4.2
4.7
g/kg
64
%
1
DE growing pig (MJ)
7.3
8.1
MJ/kg
-
1
ME growing pig (MJ)
6.8
7.5
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
3.8
4.2
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
7.9
8.7
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
7.2
7.9
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
4
4.5
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
4.6
5
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
4.5
4.9
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
8
8.8
MJ/kg
-
1
1
DE rabbit (MJ)
7.5
8.3
MJ/kg
-
1
1
ME rabbit (MJ)
7
7.7
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
9.2
10.2
MJ/kg
-
1
1
VEM CVB 2018
653
720
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
627
692
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
66
73
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
29
32
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
3.1
3.5
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
1
1.1
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
47.6
52.5
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
2.19
2.42
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
0.97
1.07
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
0.91
1
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.03
1.13
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
0.52
0.57
Mcal/kg
-
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
33
%
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
35
%
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
4.6
5.1
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
140
155
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
4
4
g/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Phosphorus consumption
2.5
2.76
g P/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear)
9.51
10.49
MJ/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Climate change (ILCD)
763
841
g CO2eq/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Acidification (ILCD)
0.0058
0.0064
mol H+eq/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Eutrophication (CML baseline)
10.86
11.99
g PO4---eq/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Land competition (CML non baseline)
0.0005
0.0006
m²yr/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
0.09
0.1
%
-
1
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-