Dry matter
87.6
100
%
-
2.3
78.3 -95.1
124
3.8
Crude protein
8.1
9.2
%
-
1.4
6.3 -10.8
121
1.5
5.9 -14
156
Crude fibre
0.6
0.6
%
-
0.4
0.1 -1.6
95
0.4
0.1 -1.8
111
Crude fat
1.1
1.3
%
-
0.9
0.09 -5
104
1.1
0.1 -5.7
121
Ash
0.8
1
%
-
0.6
0.2 -4.1
100
0.7
0.2 -4.6
118
Insoluble ash
0.3
0.4
%
-
0.2
0.02 -0.8
16
0.3
0.02 -0.9
17
NDF
5
5.7
%
-
3
0.3 -10.3
18
3.4
0.4 -12.4
20
ADF
1.5
1.8
%
-
0.8
0.5 -3.2
19
0.9
0.5 -3.7
20
Lignin
0.4
0.4
%
-
0.3
0.01 -0.9
14
0.3
0.01 -1
15
Water insoluble cell walls
4.2
4.8
%
-
Starch
75.4
86.1
%
-
4
61.1 -83.4
77
4
75.9 -92.4
73
Total sugars
0.4
0.5
%
-
0.3
0.09 -0.9
10
0.3
0.1 -1
10
Gross energy (kcal)
3770
4300
kcal/kg
-
230
3680 -4400
11
230
4100 -4990
11
Calcium
0.4
0.4
g/kg
-
0.4
0.09 -1.7
47
0.4
0.1 -1.9
49
Phosphorus
2.1
2.4
g/kg
-
1.1
0.5 -6.9
51
1.2
0.5 -7.9
54
Phytate phosphorus
1.1
1.3
g/kg
55
% P
1
1
1
Magnesium
1
1.1
g/kg
-
0.8
0.02 -3
15
0.9
0.02 -3.4
17
Potassium
1.8
2.1
g/kg
-
1.4
0.2 -5.9
14
1.6
0.2 -6.7
15
Sodium
0.3
0.35
g/kg
-
0.29
0.1 -0.96
6
0.33
0.06 -1.05
7
Chlorine
0.2
0.3
g/kg
-
0.1 -0.4
3
0.1 -0.4
3
Sulfur
0.4
0.5
g/kg
-
1
0.2 -0.8
2
Dietary cation-anion difference
27
31
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
53
61
mEq/kg
-
Manganese
10
11
mg/kg
-
6
0.1 -14
3
7
0.1 -19
5
Zinc
13
15
mg/kg
-
9
3 -16
2
10
3 -30
5
Copper
11
13
mg/kg
-
1 -19
3
2 -25
4
Iron
44
50
mg/kg
-
14 -107
3
16 -424
4
Selenium
0.09
0.1
mg/kg
-
Cobalt
0.04
0.05
mg/kg
-
1
1
Molybdenum
0.8
0.9
mg/kg
-
1
1
Iodine
0.05
0.06
mg/kg
-
Lysine
3
3.5
g/kg
3.8
g/16g N
0.7
2.2 -4.2
12
0.8
2.4 -5
18
0.4
3.3-4.9
19
Threonine
2.9
3.3
g/kg
3.6
g/16g N
0.8
2.1 -3.9
8
0.9
2.1 -5
14
0.5
2.9-4.5
15
Methionine
1.9
2.2
g/kg
2.4
g/16g N
0.4
1.4 -2.7
8
0.5
1.3 -3.1
15
0.3
1.4-2.8
17
Cystine
1.4
1.6
g/kg
1.7
g/16g N
0.4
0.7 -2.2
8
0.5
0.8 -2.4
14
0.5
0.9-2.6
15
Methionine + cystine
3.3
3.8
g/kg
4.1
g/16g N
0.7
2.5 -4.5
8
0.8
2.5 -5
14
0.7
2.5-5.3
15
Tryptophan
1.4
1.6
g/kg
1.7
g/16g N
1.1
0.7 -3
6
1.2
0.5 -3.4
7
1.2
0.9-3.8
8
Isoleucine
3.6
4.1
g/kg
4.5
g/16g N
1.4
2.9 -6.8
8
1.6
2.2 -7.7
15
1.1
3.1-7
17
Valine
4.7
5.4
g/kg
5.8
g/16g N
1.2
3.6 -6.4
8
1.4
3 -8
15
0.7
4.2-7
17
Leucine
6.4
7.3
g/kg
7.9
g/16g N
1.9
4.8 -8
8
2.1
4.4 -12.4
15
1
6.2-9.7
17
Phenylalanine
4.1
4.7
g/kg
5.1
g/16g N
1.2
3.2 -5.4
8
1.4
2.5 -7.9
15
0.7
3.5-6.2
16
Tyrosine
3.4
3.9
g/kg
4.2
g/16g N
1.2
1.6 -5.7
7
1.4
1.8 -6.5
14
0.9
2.1-5.9
16
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
7.5
8.6
g/kg
9.3
g/16g N
2.3
5.2 -11.1
7
2.6
5.1 -13.3
14
1.2
6.8-11.5
15
Histidine
1.8
2.1
g/kg
2.3
g/16g N
0.6
1.3 -2.4
8
0.6
0.7 -3.4
15
0.4
1-2.7
16
Arginine
6.4
7.3
g/kg
7.9
g/16g N
2.1
4.2 -8.8
8
2.4
3.5 -12.1
15
1.4
4.9-10.7
16
Alanine
4.5
5.1
g/kg
5.6
g/16g N
1.3
3.5 -5.9
7
1.5
3.2 -8.1
14
0.6
4.5-6.5
14
Aspartic acid
7.4
8.4
g/kg
9.1
g/16g N
2.3
5.1 -10.2
7
2.6
5.1 -13.8
14
1.3
7.5-11
15
Glutamic acid
14.5
16.5
g/kg
18
g/16g N
4.8
9.8 -17
7
5.4
9.8 -27.8
14
3.3
13.8-24
15
Glycine
3.6
4.1
g/kg
4.5
g/16g N
1.1
2.6 -4.8
7
1.3
1.8 -6.5
14
0.8
2.5-5.7
15
Serine
3.9
4.5
g/kg
4.9
g/16g N
1.3
2.5 -5.1
7
1.4
2.3 -7.1
14
0.8
3.2-5.8
15
Proline
3.7
4.2
g/kg
4.6
g/16g N
1.1
2.9 -5.2
6
1.3
2.4 -6.8
13
0.5
4.1-5.6
13
C12:0 lauric acid
0
0
g/kg
0.04
% FA
0.02-0.06
4
C14:0 myristic acid
0.03
0.04
g/kg
0.4
% FA
0.3
0-0.9
8
C16:0 palmitic acid
1.9
2.1
g/kg
18.8
% FA
2.6
14.7-23.9
40
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0.02
0.02
g/kg
0.2
% FA
0.1
0-0.3
6
C18:0 stearic acid
0.2
0.2
g/kg
2.1
% FA
0.5
0.9-3.7
40
C18:1 oleic acid
3.9
4.5
g/kg
39.9
% FA
3.3
28.9-45
40
C18:2 linoleic acid
3.5
4
g/kg
35.8
% FA
3.5
30-41
41
C18:3 linolenic acid
0.1
0.2
g/kg
1.5
% FA
0.5
1-3.7
40
C20:0 arachidic acid
0.05
0.06
g/kg
0.5
% FA
0.3
0-0.9
7
Fatty acids
1
1.1
%
90
% fat
Vitamin E
2.4
2.8
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B1 thiamin
1
1.1
mg/kg
-
1
Vitamin B2 riboflavin
0.4
0.4
mg/kg
-
1
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine
14.4
16.4
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B12
0
0
µg/kg
-
Niacin
18.7
21.4
mg/kg
-
Pantothenic acid
4.8
5.4
mg/kg
-
Folic acid
0.2
0.3
mg/kg
-
Biotin
0.05
0.06
mg/kg
-
Choline
976
1114
mg/kg
-
DE growing pig (kcal)
3550
4050
kcal/kg
-
3540 -3640
4
ME growing pig (kcal)
3460
3950
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
2810
3210
kcal/kg
-
DE adult pig (kcal)
3560
4060
kcal/kg
-
ME adult pig (kcal)
3470
3960
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
2810
3200
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
94.1
%
OM digestibility growing pig
-
97.8
%
97-98
4
N digestibility growing pig
-
90.1
%
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
17.2
%
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
94.4
%
OM digestibility adult pig
-
98.1
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
91.1
%
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
3320
3790
kcal/kg
-
AMEn broiler (kcal)
3260
3720
kcal/kg
-
PDIA INRA 2007
23
27
g/kg
-
PDIN INRA 2007
55
63
g/kg
-
PDIE INRA 2007
66
75
g/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
2810
3210
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
88.2
%
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
91.1
%
N digestibility ruminants
-
68.2
%
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
90
%
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
60.6
%
Absorbable P ruminants
1.6
1.8
g/kg
75
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
71
%
1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
67
%
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
70
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
6.7
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.1
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.4
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.9
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
8.3
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.2
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.1
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
95.9
%
1
Energy digestibility horse
-
92
%
1
Horse Forage Unit
1.19
1.36
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
56
64
g/kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
3260
3720
kcal/kg
-
ME rabbit (kcal)
3180
3630
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
86.5
%
N digestibility rabbit
-
74.2
%
1
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
2.9
3.3
g/kg
94
%
1
94-95
2
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
2.7
3.1
g/kg
94
%
1
2.7 -4.1
2
92-95
2
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
1.8
2.1
g/kg
94
%
1
1.7 -2.1
2
93-95
2
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
1.3
1.5
g/kg
94
%
1
1.3 -1.6
2
93-94
2
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
3.1
3.6
g/kg
94
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
1.3
1.5
g/kg
95
%
1
1
1
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
3.4
3.9
g/kg
94
%
1
93-95
2
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
4.4
5.1
g/kg
95
%
1
94-95
2
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
6
6.9
g/kg
95
%
1
94-95
2
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
3.9
4.4
g/kg
94
%
1
93-95
2
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
2.8
3.2
g/kg
82
%
1
1
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
6.7
7.6
g/kg
88
%
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
1.7
2
g/kg
94
%
1
93-95
2
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
6.2
7.1
g/kg
97
%
1
5.8 -9.2
2
96-99
2
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
4.3
4.9
g/kg
94
%
1
94-95
2
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
7
8
g/kg
95
%
1
6.8 -9.3
2
95-95
2
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
13.8
15.7
g/kg
95
%
1
94-96
2
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
3.5
4
g/kg
97
%
1
1
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
3.7
4.3
g/kg
95
%
1
94-97
2
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.9
3.4
g/kg
97
%
1
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.6
3
g/kg
91
%
1
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.6
1.8
g/kg
82
%
1
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.2
1.4
g/kg
84
%
1
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.8
3.2
g/kg
83
%
1
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.4
3.9
g/kg
93
%
1
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.3
4.9
g/kg
92
%
1
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.7
6.5
g/kg
90
%
1
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.7
4.2
g/kg
89
%
1
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.7
1.9
g/kg
93
%
1
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
6
6.9
g/kg
94
%
1
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.9
4.5
g/kg
87
%
1
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
6.5
7.4
g/kg
88
%
1
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
12.3
14.1
g/kg
85
%
1
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.1
3.6
g/kg
87
%
1
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.3
3.8
g/kg
85
%
1
Gross energy (MJ)
15.8
18
MJ/kg
-
0.9
15.4 -18.4
11
1
17.2 -20.9
11
Absorbable Ca ruminants
0.2
0.2
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
57
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
1.09
1.25
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
1.12
1.28
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
19
22
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
71
81
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
-34
-39
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
1.08
1.23
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
1.11
1.26
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
22
25
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
71
81
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
-33
-38
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1900
2170
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1950
2220
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2800
3200
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
89.7
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
86.8
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
70
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
73
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
6.8
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.1
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.3
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.3
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.8
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
8.4
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.2
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.2
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
11.7
13.4
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
7.9
9.1
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
8.1
9.3
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
66
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
1.05
1.19
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
1.06
1.22
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
26
30
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
72
82
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
-33
-38
g/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.201
0.23
per kg
-
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0.06
0.07
g/kg
0.6
% FA
0.5-0.7
2
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0.05
0.05
g/kg
0.5
% FA
0.03-0.7
3
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:0 behenic acid
0.03
0.03
g/kg
0.3
% FA
0.1-0.4
3
C22:1 erucic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0.03
0.03
g/kg
0.3
% FA
1
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
0.2
0.3
g/kg
12
%
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
0.4
0.4
g/kg
18
%
Available P cockerel
0.5
0.6
g/kg
25
% P
Available P broiler
0.5
0.6
g/kg
25
% P
UFL INRA 2007
1.07
1.22
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2007
1.08
1.24
per kg
-
Immediately degradable N (a)
-
45
%
1
Potentially degradable N (b)
-
40
%
1
Degradation rate of particles N (c)
-
0.11
h-1
1
DE salmonids (kcal)
1870
2140
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
49.6
%
N digestibility salmonids
-
78.6
%
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
3.3
3.7
g/kg
88
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
1.2
1.3
g/kg
84
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.9
3.3
g/kg
86
%
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.6
7.5
g/kg
87
%
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
3.1
3.6
g/kg
84
%
DE growing pig (MJ)
14.8
16.9
MJ/kg
-
ME growing pig (MJ)
14.5
16.6
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
11.8
13.4
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
14.9
17
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
14.5
16.6
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
11.7
13.4
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
13.9
15.9
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
13.6
15.6
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
11.8
13.4
MJ/kg
-
DE rabbit (MJ)
13.7
15.6
MJ/kg
-
ME rabbit (MJ)
13.3
15.2
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
7.8
8.9
MJ/kg
-
VEM CVB 2018
1067
1219
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
1187
1356
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
66
76
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
-22
-25
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
4.4
5
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
1.8
2
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
78.3
89.4
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
3.4
3.88
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.77
2.02
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
1.67
1.91
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.91
2.18
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.31
1.5
Mcal/kg
-
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
28
%
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
31
%
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
7.6
8.6
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
141
161
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
-10
-11
g/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
74.5
85.1
%
-
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin K
0
0
mg/kg
-
Vitamin C
0
0
mg/kg
-