Dry matter 87.6 100 % - 2.3 78.3 -95.1 124 3.8 Crude protein 8.1 9.2 % - 1.4 6.3 -10.8 121 1.5 5.9 -14 156 Crude fibre 0.6 0.6 % - 0.4 0.1 -1.6 95 0.4 0.1 -1.8 111 Crude fat 1.1 1.3 % - 0.9 0.09 -5 104 1.1 0.1 -5.7 121 Ash 0.8 1 % - 0.6 0.2 -4.1 100 0.7 0.2 -4.6 118 Insoluble ash 0.3 0.4 % - 0.2 0.02 -0.8 16 0.3 0.02 -0.9 17 NDF 5 5.7 % - 3 0.3 -10.3 18 3.4 0.4 -12.4 20 ADF 1.5 1.8 % - 0.8 0.5 -3.2 19 0.9 0.5 -3.7 20 Lignin 0.4 0.4 % - 0.3 0.01 -0.9 14 0.3 0.01 -1 15 Water insoluble cell walls 4.2 4.8 % - Starch 75.4 86.1 % - 4 61.1 -83.4 77 4 75.9 -92.4 73 Total sugars 0.4 0.5 % - 0.3 0.09 -0.9 10 0.3 0.1 -1 10 Gross energy (kcal) 3770 4300 kcal/kg - 230 3680 -4400 11 230 4100 -4990 11 Calcium 0.4 0.4 g/kg - 0.4 0.09 -1.7 47 0.4 0.1 -1.9 49 Phosphorus 2.1 2.4 g/kg - 1.1 0.5 -6.9 51 1.2 0.5 -7.9 54 Phytate phosphorus 1.1 1.3 g/kg 55 % P 1 1 1 Magnesium 1 1.1 g/kg - 0.8 0.02 -3 15 0.9 0.02 -3.4 17 Potassium 1.8 2.1 g/kg - 1.4 0.2 -5.9 14 1.6 0.2 -6.7 15 Sodium 0.3 0.35 g/kg - 0.29 0.1 -0.96 6 0.33 0.06 -1.05 7 Chlorine 0.2 0.3 g/kg - 0.1 -0.4 3 0.1 -0.4 3 Sulfur 0.4 0.5 g/kg - 1 0.2 -0.8 2 Dietary cation-anion difference 27 31 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 53 61 mEq/kg - Manganese 10 11 mg/kg - 6 0.1 -14 3 7 0.1 -19 5 Zinc 13 15 mg/kg - 9 3 -16 2 10 3 -30 5 Copper 11 13 mg/kg - 1 -19 3 2 -25 4 Iron 44 50 mg/kg - 14 -107 3 16 -424 4 Selenium 0.09 0.1 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.04 0.05 mg/kg - 1 1 Molybdenum 0.8 0.9 mg/kg - 1 1 Iodine 0.05 0.06 mg/kg - Lysine 3 3.5 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 0.7 2.2 -4.2 12 0.8 2.4 -5 18 0.4 3.3-4.9 19 Threonine 2.9 3.3 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 0.8 2.1 -3.9 8 0.9 2.1 -5 14 0.5 2.9-4.5 15 Methionine 1.9 2.2 g/kg 2.4 g/16g N 0.4 1.4 -2.7 8 0.5 1.3 -3.1 15 0.3 1.4-2.8 17 Cystine 1.4 1.6 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 0.4 0.7 -2.2 8 0.5 0.8 -2.4 14 0.5 0.9-2.6 15 Methionine + cystine 3.3 3.8 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 0.7 2.5 -4.5 8 0.8 2.5 -5 14 0.7 2.5-5.3 15 Tryptophan 1.4 1.6 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 1.1 0.7 -3 6 1.2 0.5 -3.4 7 1.2 0.9-3.8 8 Isoleucine 3.6 4.1 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 1.4 2.9 -6.8 8 1.6 2.2 -7.7 15 1.1 3.1-7 17 Valine 4.7 5.4 g/kg 5.8 g/16g N 1.2 3.6 -6.4 8 1.4 3 -8 15 0.7 4.2-7 17 Leucine 6.4 7.3 g/kg 7.9 g/16g N 1.9 4.8 -8 8 2.1 4.4 -12.4 15 1 6.2-9.7 17 Phenylalanine 4.1 4.7 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N 1.2 3.2 -5.4 8 1.4 2.5 -7.9 15 0.7 3.5-6.2 16 Tyrosine 3.4 3.9 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 1.2 1.6 -5.7 7 1.4 1.8 -6.5 14 0.9 2.1-5.9 16 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 7.5 8.6 g/kg 9.3 g/16g N 2.3 5.2 -11.1 7 2.6 5.1 -13.3 14 1.2 6.8-11.5 15 Histidine 1.8 2.1 g/kg 2.3 g/16g N 0.6 1.3 -2.4 8 0.6 0.7 -3.4 15 0.4 1-2.7 16 Arginine 6.4 7.3 g/kg 7.9 g/16g N 2.1 4.2 -8.8 8 2.4 3.5 -12.1 15 1.4 4.9-10.7 16 Alanine 4.5 5.1 g/kg 5.6 g/16g N 1.3 3.5 -5.9 7 1.5 3.2 -8.1 14 0.6 4.5-6.5 14 Aspartic acid 7.4 8.4 g/kg 9.1 g/16g N 2.3 5.1 -10.2 7 2.6 5.1 -13.8 14 1.3 7.5-11 15 Glutamic acid 14.5 16.5 g/kg 18 g/16g N 4.8 9.8 -17 7 5.4 9.8 -27.8 14 3.3 13.8-24 15 Glycine 3.6 4.1 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 1.1 2.6 -4.8 7 1.3 1.8 -6.5 14 0.8 2.5-5.7 15 Serine 3.9 4.5 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 1.3 2.5 -5.1 7 1.4 2.3 -7.1 14 0.8 3.2-5.8 15 Proline 3.7 4.2 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 1.1 2.9 -5.2 6 1.3 2.4 -6.8 13 0.5 4.1-5.6 13 C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0.04 % FA 0.02-0.06 4 C14:0 myristic acid 0.03 0.04 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.3 0-0.9 8 C16:0 palmitic acid 1.9 2.1 g/kg 18.8 % FA 2.6 14.7-23.9 40 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.1 0-0.3 6 C18:0 stearic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 2.1 % FA 0.5 0.9-3.7 40 C18:1 oleic acid 3.9 4.5 g/kg 39.9 % FA 3.3 28.9-45 40 C18:2 linoleic acid 3.5 4 g/kg 35.8 % FA 3.5 30-41 41 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.1 0.2 g/kg 1.5 % FA 0.5 1-3.7 40 C20:0 arachidic acid 0.05 0.06 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.3 0-0.9 7 Fatty acids 1 1.1 % 90 % fat Vitamin E 2.4 2.8 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 1 1.1 mg/kg - 1 Vitamin B2 riboflavin 0.4 0.4 mg/kg - 1 Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 14.4 16.4 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 18.7 21.4 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 4.8 5.4 mg/kg - Folic acid 0.2 0.3 mg/kg - Biotin 0.05 0.06 mg/kg - Choline 976 1114 mg/kg - DE growing pig (kcal) 3550 4050 kcal/kg - 3540 -3640 4 ME growing pig (kcal) 3460 3950 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2810 3210 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3560 4060 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3470 3960 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2810 3200 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 94.1 % OM digestibility growing pig - 97.8 % 97-98 4 N digestibility growing pig - 90.1 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 17.2 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 94.4 % OM digestibility adult pig - 98.1 % N digestibility adult pig - 91.1 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 3320 3790 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 3260 3720 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 23 27 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 55 63 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 66 75 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2810 3210 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 88.2 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 91.1 % N digestibility ruminants - 68.2 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 90 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 60.6 % Absorbable P ruminants 1.6 1.8 g/kg 75 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 71 % 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 67 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 70 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.7 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.3 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 95.9 % 1 Energy digestibility horse - 92 % 1 Horse Forage Unit 1.19 1.36 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 56 64 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3260 3720 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 3180 3630 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 86.5 % N digestibility rabbit - 74.2 % 1 Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 2.9 3.3 g/kg 94 % 1 94-95 2 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 2.7 3.1 g/kg 94 % 1 2.7 -4.1 2 92-95 2 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2.1 g/kg 94 % 1 1.7 -2.1 2 93-95 2 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.3 1.5 g/kg 94 % 1 1.3 -1.6 2 93-94 2 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.6 g/kg 94 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.3 1.5 g/kg 95 % 1 1 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 3.4 3.9 g/kg 94 % 1 93-95 2 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 4.4 5.1 g/kg 95 % 1 94-95 2 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 6 6.9 g/kg 95 % 1 94-95 2 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 3.9 4.4 g/kg 94 % 1 93-95 2 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 2.8 3.2 g/kg 82 % 1 1 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 6.7 7.6 g/kg 88 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 2 g/kg 94 % 1 93-95 2 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 6.2 7.1 g/kg 97 % 1 5.8 -9.2 2 96-99 2 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.3 4.9 g/kg 94 % 1 94-95 2 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 7 8 g/kg 95 % 1 6.8 -9.3 2 95-95 2 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 13.8 15.7 g/kg 95 % 1 94-96 2 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 4 g/kg 97 % 1 1 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 3.7 4.3 g/kg 95 % 1 94-97 2 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.9 3.4 g/kg 97 % 1 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.6 3 g/kg 91 % 1 Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 1.8 g/kg 82 % 1 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.2 1.4 g/kg 84 % 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.8 3.2 g/kg 83 % 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.4 3.9 g/kg 93 % 1 Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 4.9 g/kg 92 % 1 Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.7 6.5 g/kg 90 % 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.7 4.2 g/kg 89 % 1 Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 1.9 g/kg 93 % 1 Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 6 6.9 g/kg 94 % 1 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.9 4.5 g/kg 87 % 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 6.5 7.4 g/kg 88 % 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 12.3 14.1 g/kg 85 % 1 Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.1 3.6 g/kg 87 % 1 Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.3 3.8 g/kg 85 % 1 Gross energy (MJ) 15.8 18 MJ/kg - 0.9 15.4 -18.4 11 1 17.2 -20.9 11 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.2 0.2 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 57 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.09 1.25 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.12 1.28 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 19 22 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 71 81 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -34 -39 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.08 1.23 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.11 1.26 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 22 25 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 71 81 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -33 -38 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1900 2170 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1950 2220 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2800 3200 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 89.7 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 86.8 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 70 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 73 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.8 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.4 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 11.7 13.4 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.9 9.1 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.1 9.3 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 66 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.05 1.19 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.06 1.22 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 26 30 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 72 82 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -33 -38 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.201 0.23 per kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.06 0.07 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.5-0.7 2 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0.05 0.05 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.03-0.7 3 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.1-0.4 3 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.3 % FA 1 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.2 0.3 g/kg 12 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.4 0.4 g/kg 18 % Available P cockerel 0.5 0.6 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.5 0.6 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.07 1.22 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.08 1.24 per kg - Immediately degradable N (a) - 45 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 40 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.11 h-1 1 DE salmonids (kcal) 1870 2140 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 49.6 % N digestibility salmonids - 78.6 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 3.3 3.7 g/kg 88 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.2 1.3 g/kg 84 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.9 3.3 g/kg 86 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.6 7.5 g/kg 87 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 3.1 3.6 g/kg 84 % DE growing pig (MJ) 14.8 16.9 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 14.5 16.6 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 11.8 13.4 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 14.9 17 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 14.5 16.6 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 11.7 13.4 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 13.9 15.9 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 13.6 15.6 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11.8 13.4 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 13.7 15.6 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 13.3 15.2 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 7.8 8.9 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1067 1219 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1187 1356 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 66 76 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -22 -25 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 4.4 5 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.8 2 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 78.3 89.4 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.4 3.88 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.77 2.02 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.67 1.91 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.91 2.18 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.31 1.5 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 28 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 31 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7.6 8.6 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 141 161 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -10 -11 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 74.5 85.1 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin K 0 0 mg/kg - Vitamin C 0 0 mg/kg -