Dry matter 88.3 100 % - 1.3 82.3 -96.5 1624 2 Crude protein 24.6 27.9 % - 1.5 17 -30.9 1658 1.7 21.6 -34.6 1633 Crude fibre 7.4 8.4 % - 0.6 5.1 -10.4 997 0.7 5.6 -12.2 971 Crude fat 4.5 5.1 % - 0.9 0.8 -10.8 1021 1 0.9 -12.2 1018 Ash 6 6.8 % - 0.5 3.1 -7.8 807 0.5 3.5 -8.7 808 NDF 31.9 36.1 % - 5.1 23.2 -40.3 33 5.7 24.5 -51 44 ADF 9.7 10.9 % - 3 7.4 -18.1 35 3.4 8.2 -25.1 46 Lignin 2 2.3 % - 1.1 0.3 -3.9 21 1.3 0.4 -5.4 27 Water insoluble cell walls 32.4 36.7 % - Starch 11.9 13.5 % - 2.2 1.4 -17.4 563 2.5 1.6 -20 526 Total sugars 0.8 0.9 % - 0.6 0.2 -2.1 19 0.7 0.2 -2.3 18 Gross energy (kcal) 4050 4590 kcal/kg - 340 4570 -5500 9 Calcium 2.1 2.4 g/kg - 1.2 0.6 -5.8 156 1.4 0.7 -6.6 154 Phosphorus 8.4 9.5 g/kg - 0.8 4.4 -11.4 197 0.9 5 -12.9 196 Phytate phosphorus 2.1 2.4 g/kg 25 % P 1 1 Magnesium 2.9 3.3 g/kg - 2.5 -3 3 2.9 -4 4 Potassium 10.8 12.2 g/kg - 2.9 8 -14.9 26 3.3 8.7 -17.1 8 Sodium 4.27 4.84 g/kg - 1.93 1.1 -7 34 2.19 0.5 -7.8 16 Chlorine 2.9 3.2 g/kg - 0.6 1.6 -3.9 19 0.7 2.5 -4.5 12 Sulfur 4.9 5.5 g/kg - 4.1 -6.5 3 4.4 -7.4 3 Dietary cation-anion difference 77 87 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 382 433 mEq/kg - Manganese 22 25 mg/kg - 13 -23 4 24 -26 4 Zinc 60 68 mg/kg - 46 -103 4 Copper 8 9 mg/kg - 6 -14 3 Iron 282 320 mg/kg - 156 -553 4 138 -633 3 Selenium 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - Molybdenum 2 2 mg/kg - Iodine 0.03 0.03 mg/kg - Lysine 7.3 8.2 g/kg 2.9 g/16g N 1.5 4.1 -9.6 33 1.7 3.8 -10.9 36 0.5 1.5-3.3 38 Threonine 8.9 10.1 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 1.3 8 -11.6 19 1.5 8.4 -12.9 21 0.3 2.9-4 23 Methionine 4.6 5.2 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N 0.6 3.6 -5.9 26 0.7 4.1 -6.8 27 0.2 1.5-2.1 29 Cystine 5 5.6 g/kg 2 g/16g N 0.5 4.2 -6.2 19 0.6 4.6 -7.1 19 0.2 1.6-2.3 19 Methionine + cystine 9.6 10.9 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 1.1 8.2 -11.8 19 1.2 9.1 -13.5 19 0.3 3.1-4.3 19 Tryptophan 1.8 2 g/kg 0.7 g/16g N 0.3 1 -2.3 15 0.4 1.2 -2.5 15 0.1 0.4-0.9 17 Isoleucine 8.9 10 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 1.2 8 -12.9 18 1.4 8.8 -14.7 19 0.3 3-4.3 21 Valine 12.1 13.7 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 1.5 10.6 -15.9 18 1.7 11.7 -18.2 19 0.4 4-5.4 21 Leucine 25.7 29.1 g/kg 10.4 g/16g N 5.6 22.7 -39.8 17 6.3 24.1 -44 19 1.8 8.4-14.3 21 Phenylalanine 11 12.4 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 1.9 10 -15.8 16 2.1 11.1 -17.5 18 0.5 3.8-5.6 20 Tyrosine 7.7 8.7 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N 1.3 8.5 -11.8 5 0.3 2.9-3.8 6 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 18.6 21.1 g/kg 7.6 g/16g N 3.3 17.7 -25.9 3 3.7 19.6 -28.9 5 0.8 6.7-8.9 6 Histidine 6.7 7.6 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 1.1 5.1 -9.1 17 1.2 5.9 -10.4 18 0.3 2.2-3.1 20 Arginine 10.4 11.8 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 1.5 8.5 -14 18 1.7 9.5 -15.9 20 0.4 3.4-4.7 22 Alanine 16.6 18.8 g/kg 6.8 g/16g N 2.1 16.3 -21.4 5 2.4 18.8 -24.2 6 0.3 6.4-7.3 6 Aspartic acid 15.5 17.6 g/kg 6.3 g/16g N 2.1 15.5 -20.4 5 2.3 17.4 -23.3 6 0.3 6.2-7 6 Glutamic acid 36.3 41.1 g/kg 14.7 g/16g N 0.9 14.4-17 7 Glycine 9.9 11.3 g/kg 4 g/16g N 1.5 9.4 -12.6 7 1.7 9.5 -14.1 9 0.4 3.3-4.4 9 Serine 10.6 12 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1.6 10.3 -15.5 7 1.8 11.8 -17.4 9 0.4 4.2-5.4 9 Proline 18.8 21.3 g/kg 7.6 g/16g N 0.5 7.4-8.9 5 C14:0 myristic acid 0.05 0.05 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.1 0.1-0.4 18 C16:0 palmitic acid 3.6 4 g/kg 10.5 % FA 0.8 8.6-13.6 202 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C18:0 stearic acid 0.6 0.7 g/kg 1.8 % FA 0.2 1.3-2.7 201 C18:1 oleic acid 8.8 10 g/kg 26.1 % FA 3 20-35.4 202 C18:2 linoleic acid 20 22.7 g/kg 59.5 % FA 3.4 49.4-67.6 208 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.4 0.5 g/kg 1.3 % FA 0.3 0.3-1.9 202 Fatty acids 3.4 3.8 % 75 % fat Vitamin A 0.9 1 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin E 38 43 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 3 3.4 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 8.3 9.5 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 6.8 7.6 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 12.61 14.29 µg/kg - Niacin 73.1 82.9 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 13.5 15.3 mg/kg - Folic acid 0.9 1 mg/kg - Biotin 0.6 0.7 mg/kg - Choline 2222 2517 mg/kg - Xanthophylls 35 39 mg/kg - 8 19 -55 45 9 21 -61 38 Phytase activity 340 390 IU/kg - DE growing pig (kcal) 2950 3340 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (kcal) 2760 3130 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1810 2050 kcal/kg - 1 1 DE adult pig (kcal) 3280 3720 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3020 3420 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2030 2300 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 72.7 % 1 OM digestibility growing pig - 75.5 % 1 N digestibility growing pig - 61.5 % 1 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 62 % 1 Crude fat digestibility pig - 54.1 % 1 Energy digestibility adult pig - 81 % OM digestibility adult pig - 83.7 % N digestibility adult pig - 69.7 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 2.6 2.9 g/kg 31 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2250 2550 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 2210 2500 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 108 122 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 180 204 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 155 176 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2680 3040 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 83.2 % 1 OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 84.3 % 1 N digestibility ruminants - 76.8 % 1 N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 90 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 73.7 % Absorbable P ruminants 5.7 6.5 g/kg 68 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 56 % 11 40-70 5 Immediately degradable N (a) - 25 % 17-45 2 Potentially degradable N (b) - 60 % 40-74 2 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.065 h-1 0.027 0.027-0.1 5 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 85 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 65 % 57-69 4 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 40 % 1 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 49 % 1 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.06 h-1 1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.7 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 10.4 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.5 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 70.4 % Energy digestibility horse - 67.9 % Horse Forage Unit 0.72 0.82 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 187 212 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2950 3340 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 2750 3120 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 72.8 % N digestibility rabbit - 65.9 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.8 g/kg 58 % 1 1 1 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 6.2 g/kg 62 % 1 1 1 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 4 g/kg 76 % 1 1 1 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 3 3.4 g/kg 59 % 1 1 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 6.5 7.3 g/kg 68 % 1 1 1 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.3 1.5 g/kg 71 % 1 1 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 6.4 7.2 g/kg 72 % 1 1 1 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 8 9.1 g/kg 66 % 1 1 1 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 20.1 22.8 g/kg 78 % 1 1 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 8.7 9.8 g/kg 79 % 1 1 1 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 5.8 6.6 g/kg 76 % 1 1 1 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 14.5 16.4 g/kg 78 % 1 1 1 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 3.9 4.5 g/kg 59 % 1 1 1 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 7.9 8.9 g/kg 76 % 1 1 1 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 11.1 12.5 g/kg 67 % 1 1 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 9.2 10.4 g/kg 59 % 1 1 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 24.9 28.3 g/kg 69 % 1 1 1 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 4.6 5.2 g/kg 46 % 1 1 1 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 7.1 8 g/kg 66 % 1 1 1 Gross energy (MJ) 17 19.2 MJ/kg - 1.4 19.1 -23 9 Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.2 1.3 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 79 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.05 1.19 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.05 1.19 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 86 97 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 135 153 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 61 69 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.03 1.17 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.03 1.17 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 96 108 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 144 163 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 52 59 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1820 2060 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1810 2050 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2740 3110 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 82.9 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 81.8 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 57 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 84 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.5 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 10.7 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.7 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 11.4 12.9 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.5 8.5 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.5 8.5 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 63 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.99 1.12 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.98 1.11 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 109 123 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 156 176 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 39 45 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.246 0.278 per kg - Insoluble ash 0.6 0.7 % - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.2 0.1-1.2 186 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (with phytase) 3.9 4.4 g/kg 46 % Available P cockerel 2.1 2.4 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 2.1 2.4 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.99 1.12 per kg - 1 UFV INRA 2007 0.97 1.1 per kg - 1 DE salmonids (kcal) 2490 2820 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 61.5 % N digestibility salmonids - 85.8 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 11.8 13.3 g/kg 63 % 20 47-121 34 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.4 6.1 g/kg 74 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.2 7.1 g/kg 70 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.7 4.2 g/kg 80 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.4 3.9 g/kg 68 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.1 8 g/kg 74 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 1.5 g/kg 74 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.8 7.7 g/kg 76 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.1 10.3 g/kg 75 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 19.5 22.1 g/kg 76 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.5 9.6 g/kg 77 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.6 6.4 g/kg 73 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.1 16 g/kg 76 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 5 5.6 g/kg 74 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.1 9.2 g/kg 78 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.4 14.1 g/kg 75 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 11.1 12.6 g/kg 72 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 28.6 32.3 g/kg 79 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 7 8 g/kg 71 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.8 8.9 g/kg 74 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 14.2 16.1 g/kg 75 % DE growing pig (MJ) 12.3 14 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 11.6 13.1 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 7.6 8.6 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 13.7 15.6 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 12.6 14.3 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 8.5 9.6 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 9.4 10.7 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 9.2 10.5 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11.2 12.7 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 12.4 14 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 11.5 13 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 10.4 11.8 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 988 1119 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1061 1202 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 147 166 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 49 55 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 4.4 5 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.8 2.1 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 64.9 73.6 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.03 3.44 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.55 1.75 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.46 1.65 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.66 1.88 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.1 1.24 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 42 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 47 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7 7.9 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 211 240 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 6 6 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 10.1 11.5 % - 1 1