Dry matter 24.3 100 % - 3 15 -35.1 112 17.4 Crude protein 2.1 8.7 % - 0.3 1.7 -3.5 30 0.7 6.7 -12.3 680 Crude fibre 5.1 20.8 % - 0.7 3 -7.3 25 1.4 17.3 -26 672 Crude fat 0.1 0.5 % - 0.05 0.03 -0.2 4 0.2 0.2 -0.8 9 Ash 1.7 6.8 % - 0.4 0.8 -2.8 86 1.6 3.9 -14.3 754 Insoluble ash 0.4 1.5 % - 1 1.3 0.2 -7.4 647 NDF 12 49.5 % - 1 2.9 48.4 -55.7 6 ADF 6 24.8 % - 1 1.6 22.4 -26.6 6 Lignin 0.4 1.8 % - 1 0.1 1.7 -2 6 Water insoluble cell walls 16.3 66.9 % - 2.2 Starch 0.1 0.5 % - Total sugars 1.3 5.2 % - 0.6 0.4 -3.3 2 2.2 0.4 -11.8 639 Gross energy (kcal) 990 4080 kcal/kg - 1 1 Calcium 3.5 14.3 g/kg - 0.8 1.5 -6.4 19 2.7 5 -29.5 674 Phosphorus 0.2 1 g/kg - 0.07 0.07 -0.4 8 0.3 0.3 -1.5 27 Phytate phosphorus 0.02 0.1 g/kg 10 % P Magnesium 0.4 1.7 g/kg - 0.4 1.2 -2.4 13 Potassium 1.1 4.7 g/kg - 1 1.4 2.4 -8.1 15 Sodium 0.8 3.31 g/kg - 0.11 Chlorine 0.1 0.5 g/kg - Sulfur 0.5 1.9 g/kg - 0.1 0.6 0.6 -4.9 766 Dietary cation-anion difference 32 133 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 60 249 mEq/kg - Manganese 17 70 mg/kg - 3 10 52 -85 11 Zinc 4 17 mg/kg - 1 4 13 -26 11 Copper 1 5 mg/kg - 0.4 1 3 -7 11 Iron 114 471 mg/kg - 42 161 221 -767 11 Selenium 0.03 0.1 mg/kg - 1 Cobalt 0.03 0.1 mg/kg - 1 Molybdenum 0.03 0.1 mg/kg - 1 Iodine 0.02 0.1 mg/kg - 1 Lysine 1.2 5 g/kg 5.8 g/16g N 0.2 1.1 4.3-7.3 7 Threonine 1 3.9 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 0.1 0.6 3.2-5.1 8 Methionine 0.4 1.4 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 0.06 0.3 0.9-2 8 Cystine 0.2 1 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N 0.04 0.1 0.9 -1.4 9 0.2 0.9-1.4 7 Methionine + cystine 0.6 2.4 g/kg 2.8 g/16g N 0.09 Tryptophan 0.2 0.9 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N 0.03 0.04 1-1.2 5 Isoleucine 0.9 3.8 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 0.1 0.4 3 -4.1 9 0.5 3.3-4.4 9 Valine 1.5 6 g/kg 6.9 g/16g N 0.2 0.4 5 -6.3 9 Leucine 1.5 6.1 g/kg 7.1 g/16g N 0.2 0.4 5.3 -6.6 9 0.5 5.8-7.1 9 Phenylalanine 1 3.9 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 0.2 0.4 3.2 -4.4 9 0.5 3.5-4.7 9 Tyrosine 1.1 4.7 g/kg 5.4 g/16g N 0.2 0.8 3.4 -5.7 9 1 3.6-6.1 9 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 2.1 8.6 g/kg 10 g/16g N 0.4 1.2 6.7 -10 9 1.5 7.3-10.6 9 Histidine 0.8 3.3 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 0.1 0.3 2.7 -3.5 9 0.4 2.9-4.2 9 Arginine 0.9 3.6 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 0.2 0.4 3.3 -4.8 9 0.7 3-5.1 9 Alanine 1.1 4.6 g/kg 5.3 g/16g N 0.2 0.3 4.2 -5.1 9 0.2 4.5-5.3 9 Aspartic acid 1.7 6.9 g/kg 8 g/16g N 0.3 0.6 6.6 -8.3 9 0.2 7.6-8.3 9 Glutamic acid 2.1 8.8 g/kg 10.2 g/16g N 0.3 0.6 8.3 -10 9 0.4 9.2-10.5 9 Glycine 1 4.1 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 0.1 0.3 3.9 -4.6 9 0.2 4.2-4.8 9 Serine 1.2 4.9 g/kg 5.7 g/16g N 0.2 0.3 4.6 -5.4 9 0.3 5-5.8 9 Proline 1 4.2 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 0.2 0.4 3.7 -5 9 0.1 4.5-4.9 9 C16:0 palmitic acid 0.1 0.4 g/kg 20.6 % FA C18:0 stearic acid 0.01 0.03 g/kg 1.4 % FA C18:1 oleic acid 0.05 0.2 g/kg 9.7 % FA C18:2 linoleic acid 0.3 1.2 g/kg 57.8 % FA C18:3 linolenic acid 0.05 0.2 g/kg 10.5 % FA Fatty acids 0.05 0.2 % 40 % fat DE growing pig (kcal) 690 2820 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (kcal) 650 2660 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 390 1590 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 790 3250 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 720 2950 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 450 1860 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 69.2 % 1 OM digestibility growing pig - 72.9 % 1 N digestibility growing pig - 49.4 % 1 Crude fat digestibility pig - 0 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 79.6 % OM digestibility adult pig - 81.9 % N digestibility adult pig - 78.6 % PDIA INRA 2007 8 33 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 15 60 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 25 102 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 660 2700 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 80.3 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 83.8 % N digestibility ruminants - 70 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 0 % Absorbable P ruminants 0.2 0.9 g/kg 91 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 60 % Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 60 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.4 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.3 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.2 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.4 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 76.7 % 74.3-79 2 Energy digestibility horse - 73.8 % Horse Forage Unit 0.21 0.86 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 7 27 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 580 2400 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 570 2330 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 58.7 % N digestibility rabbit - 55.7 % Gross energy (MJ) 4.1 17.1 MJ/kg - 1 1 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.7 2.9 g/kg 20 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 83 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.25 1.05 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.25 1.05 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 6 26 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 21 87 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -13 -53 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.25 1.03 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.25 1.02 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 7 29 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 21 88 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -13 -54 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 440 1810 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 440 1800 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 670 2740 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 82.4 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 78.9 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 61 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.5 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.3 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.4 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.6 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 2.8 11.5 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 1.8 7.6 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 1.8 7.5 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 57 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.24 0.99 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.24 0.98 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 8 34 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 22 92 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -14 -59 g/kg - Origin France, ex factory Phosphorus consumption 0.2 0.8 g P/kg - Origin France, ex factory Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 0.81 3.35 MJ/kg - Origin France, ex factory Climate change (ILCD) 56 233 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Acidification (ILCD) 0.0009 0.0036 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Eutrophication (CML baseline) 3.71 15.28 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Land competition (CML non baseline) 0 0.0001 m²yr/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.076 0.313 per kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C14:0 myristic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.1 0.6 g/kg 60 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.2 0.9 g/kg 90 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 140 580 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 140 580 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 0.06 0.2 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.06 0.2 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.24 0.99 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.24 0.97 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 480 1990 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 48.7 % N digestibility salmonids - 77.9 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 2.5 g/kg 50 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 0.3 1.2 g/kg 31 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 0.2 0.9 g/kg 61 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.05 0.2 g/kg 22 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.3 1.1 g/kg 45 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.1 0.4 g/kg 41 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 2.2 g/kg 59 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 2.5 g/kg 42 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 0.9 3.6 g/kg 59 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 2 g/kg 52 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 2.5 g/kg 53 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 4.5 g/kg 52 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 2 g/kg 61 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 2.1 g/kg 58 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 2.2 g/kg 48 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 1 4.1 g/kg 59 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 7.4 g/kg 84 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 0.2 1 g/kg 25 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 1.9 g/kg 38 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 2.8 g/kg 68 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 3.5 g/kg 69 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 2.6 g/kg 65 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.3 1.1 g/kg 76 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.2 0.6 g/kg 65 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 1.7 g/kg 72 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.2 0.7 g/kg 69 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 2.8 g/kg 73 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 4.2 g/kg 71 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 4.4 g/kg 72 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 2.9 g/kg 73 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 3.2 g/kg 68 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.5 6.1 g/kg 70 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 2.3 g/kg 70 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 2.7 g/kg 74 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 3.2 g/kg 70 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 4.7 g/kg 68 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 6.6 g/kg 75 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 2.7 g/kg 66 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 3.4 g/kg 69 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 3 g/kg 71 % DE growing pig (MJ) 2.9 11.8 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (MJ) 2.7 11.1 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 1.6 6.7 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 3.3 13.6 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 3 12.4 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 1.9 7.8 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 0.6 2.4 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 0.6 2.4 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 2.7 11.3 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 2.4 10 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 2.4 9.8 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 2 8.3 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 241 992 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 259 1065 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 22 89 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -15 -63 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 1.7 7 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 0.5 2.2 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 16.8 69.1 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 0.73 3.01 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.35 1.46 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 0.33 1.37 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.38 1.58 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.24 0.98 Mcal/kg - EN Lactation ruminants GfE 1.7 7 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 34 140 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -2 -8 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0.1 0.4 % - 1 1 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -