Dry matter 88.5 100 % - 1.6 83.7 -96.5 689 2.5 Crude protein 35.8 40.4 % - 1.6 30.9 -42.5 719 1.6 34.4 -45.3 706 Crude fibre 5.8 6.5 % - 1.3 2.4 -10.1 1141 1.5 2.7 -11.3 1130 Crude fat 19.7 22.3 % - 1.5 12.2 -22.7 114 1.7 12.8 -25 114 Ash 4.9 5.5 % - 0.3 4.2 -6.1 141 0.3 4.9 -6.6 140 Insoluble ash 0.08 0.09 % - 0.07 -0.1 2 0.08 -0.1 2 NDF 12.2 13.8 % - 2.1 10 -17.8 43 2.4 10.7 -21.1 43 ADF 7.2 8.1 % - 1.3 4.9 -11.3 45 1.5 5.5 -12.7 44 Lignin 0.9 1 % - 0.4 0.2 -2 41 0.5 0.2 -2.3 40 Water insoluble cell walls 17.3 19.6 % - 2.4 14.4 -22.1 14 2.7 16.1 -24.9 13 Starch 5.1 5.8 % - 1.9 2.3 -8.2 15 2.2 2.8 -9.3 15 Total sugars 8.1 9.2 % - 0.7 6.3 -9 11 0.8 7 -10 12 Gross energy (kcal) 5020 5670 kcal/kg - 170 4650 -5480 23 160 5120 -5870 28 Calcium 3 3.4 g/kg - 0.7 1.7 -5.5 145 0.8 1.8 -6.1 141 Phosphorus 5.3 5.9 g/kg - 0.5 3.9 -6.8 143 0.6 4.2 -7.4 138 Phytate phosphorus 3.2 3.6 g/kg 60 % P Magnesium 2.2 2.5 g/kg - 0.2 1.9 -2.6 15 0.2 2 -2.9 14 Potassium 17.4 19.6 g/kg - 1 14 -18.7 23 1.1 16 -21.1 20 Sodium 0.09 0.1 g/kg - 0.14 0 -0.48 21 0.15 0 -0.5 19 Chlorine 0.4 0.5 g/kg - 0.2 0.2 -0.6 8 0.2 0.2 -0.7 6 Sulfur 2.8 3.2 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 263 297 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 438 494 mEq/kg - Manganese 20 23 mg/kg - 6 16 -32 7 7 17 -32 6 Zinc 26 29 mg/kg - 11 11 -38 7 13 12 -40 6 Copper 21 24 mg/kg - 16 10 -42 7 18 10 -47 6 Iron 73 82 mg/kg - 61 20 -225 7 69 21 -209 6 Selenium 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - Molybdenum 4 4 mg/kg - Lysine 22.2 25.1 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N 1.6 19.8 -26.5 41 1.7 20.7 -28.1 34 0.4 5.1-6.9 41 Threonine 14.4 16.3 g/kg 4 g/16g N 1.8 12.1 -18.4 31 2 13.3 -20.2 24 0.4 3.4-5 31 Methionine 5.2 5.8 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 1 2.9 -5.9 32 1.1 3.2 -6.5 25 0.3 0.8-1.7 32 Cystine 5.3 6 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 0.6 4.3 -6.4 28 0.7 4.7 -7.1 21 0.1 1.2-1.7 28 Methionine + cystine 10.5 11.8 g/kg 2.9 g/16g N 1.6 6.4 -11.9 28 1.8 7 -13.2 21 0.4 1.7-3.4 28 Tryptophan 4.6 5.2 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N 0.3 4.5 -5.2 8 1 0.07 1.2-1.4 8 Isoleucine 16.6 18.8 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 1.1 14.9 -20.3 30 1.2 15.9 -21.5 23 0.2 3.9-4.9 30 Valine 17.2 19.5 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 1.2 15.6 -21.4 29 1.3 17.5 -22.7 22 0.2 4.5-5.2 29 Leucine 27 30.5 g/kg 7.5 g/16g N 2 25.5 -33.3 29 2.2 28.6 -36.7 22 0.5 7.1-8.7 29 Phenylalanine 18.1 20.4 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N 1.2 16.7 -21.9 30 1.3 17.9 -23.2 23 0.3 4.4-5.4 30 Tyrosine 12.7 14.3 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 1 12 -16.2 23 1.1 13.3 -17.1 20 0.1 3.4-3.9 23 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 30.8 34.8 g/kg 8.6 g/16g N 2.1 28.7 -38.1 24 2.3 32.2 -41.8 21 0.4 8-10.3 24 Histidine 9.8 11 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 0.8 8.7 -11.6 30 0.9 9.2 -12.6 23 0.1 2.3-3 30 Arginine 26.1 29.5 g/kg 7.3 g/16g N 2.4 23.8 -33.8 29 2.7 26.2 -37.2 22 0.6 6.4-8.7 29 Alanine 15.2 17.2 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1.1 15.1 -18.8 29 1.2 16.4 -20.4 22 0.3 4-4.9 29 Aspartic acid 39.8 45 g/kg 11.1 g/16g N 5.1 28 -48.3 29 5.8 30.8 -50.9 22 1.1 7.9-11.6 29 Glutamic acid 63 71.1 g/kg 17.6 g/16g N 5.2 59.3 -75.5 29 5.8 63 -83.6 22 1 15.4-20.2 29 Glycine 15.4 17.4 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1.9 14.3 -20.6 30 2.1 15.2 -22.6 23 0.5 3.7-5.3 30 Serine 18.8 21.2 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N 1.5 16.5 -23.4 30 1.7 18.7 -24.6 23 0.2 4.8-5.6 30 Proline 18 20.3 g/kg 5 g/16g N 3.7 11.1 -25 29 4.2 12.2 -26.3 22 0.8 3.1-6.2 29 C14:0 myristic acid 0.4 0.5 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.3 0-1.1 14 C16:0 palmitic acid 21.3 24 g/kg 11.2 % FA 2.2 9.6-20.8 22 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.08 0-0.2 7 C18:0 stearic acid 7.2 8.1 g/kg 3.8 % FA 0.4 3.2-4.8 22 C18:1 oleic acid 43.8 49.5 g/kg 23.1 % FA 1.6 19.8-27.3 23 C18:2 linoleic acid 102 116 g/kg 54 % FA 2.9 42.9-58.2 22 C18:3 linolenic acid 13.7 15.5 g/kg 7.2 % FA 0.9 4.8-8.7 22 Fatty acids 19 21.4 % 96 % fat 2 94-99 10 Vitamin E 8.5 9.6 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 4.3 4.8 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 7.6 8.5 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 2.3 2.5 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 10.6 11.9 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 4.7 5.3 mg/kg - Folic acid 0 0 mg/kg - Biotin 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - Choline 2129 2405 mg/kg - DE growing pig (kcal) 3820 4310 kcal/kg - 1 ME growing pig (kcal) 3590 4050 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2660 3010 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 4180 4720 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3910 4420 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2860 3230 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 76 % 1 OM digestibility growing pig - 77.3 % 1 N digestibility growing pig - 85 % 1 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 74 % 69.4-82.3 2 Crude fat digestibility pig - 80 % 1 Energy digestibility adult pig - 83.2 % OM digestibility adult pig - 86 % N digestibility adult pig - 91.1 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.7 1.9 g/kg 32 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 3200 3620 kcal/kg - 1 AMEn cockerel, pelleted (kcal) 3410 3860 kcal/kg - 1 AMEn broiler (kcal) 3090 3490 kcal/kg - 110 3060 -3400 14 110 3360 -3770 14 AMEn broiler, pelleted (kcal) 3300 3730 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 124 140 g/kg - 1 1 PDIN INRA 2007 243 274 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 158 179 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 3370 3810 kcal/kg - 1 1 Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 86.9 % 1 OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 84.4 % 1 N digestibility ruminants - 78.2 % 1 N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 82 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 78.3 % Absorbable P ruminants 3.8 4.3 g/kg 73 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 62 % 1 Immediately degradable N (a) - 18 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 75 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.085 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 65 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.9 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.5 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.3 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.4 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 83.3 % Energy digestibility horse - 80.1 % Horse Forage Unit 1.08 1.22 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 281 318 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3980 4490 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 3600 4060 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 79.2 % N digestibility rabbit - 87.4 % DE salmonids (kcal) 4150 4680 kcal/kg - 3870 -4620 4 4050 -4810 4 Energy digestibility, salmonids - 82.6 % 72.3-85.1 4 N digestibility salmonids - 91.2 % 90.9-100 4 Digestible P salmonids 4.7 5.3 g/kg 90 % 4.2 -5.4 4 4.4 -5.7 4 83-100 4 Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 17.5 19.7 g/kg 79 % 1 1 74-84 2 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 10.9 12.3 g/kg 75 % 1 1 69-83 2 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 4 4.5 g/kg 78 % 1 1 74-82 2 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4 4.5 g/kg 75 % 1 1 71-79 2 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 8 9 g/kg 76 % 1 1 73-81 2 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 3.8 4.3 g/kg 83 % 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 12.3 13.9 g/kg 74 % 1 1 67-81 2 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 12.7 14.3 g/kg 74 % 1 1 68-81 2 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 20.4 23.1 g/kg 76 % 1 1 68-86 2 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 13.9 15.7 g/kg 77 % 1 1 68-88 2 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 9.9 11.2 g/kg 78 % 1 1 71-86 2 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 23.9 26.9 g/kg 77 % 1 1 69-87 2 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 7.9 8.9 g/kg 81 % 1 1 76-87 2 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 21.6 24.5 g/kg 83 % 1 1 75-93 2 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 11.2 12.7 g/kg 74 % 1 1 67-83 2 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 31 35.1 g/kg 78 % 1 1 73-85 2 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 49.3 55.7 g/kg 78 % 1 1 71-89 2 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 11.4 12.8 g/kg 74 % 1 1 66-83 2 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 14.6 16.5 g/kg 78 % 1 1 70-87 2 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 13.1 14.8 g/kg 73 % 1 1 1 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 18.9 21.3 g/kg 85 % 3 84-93 14 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.1 12.6 g/kg 77 % 5 70-85 14 Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 4.9 g/kg 84 % 4 83-95 14 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.6 4.1 g/kg 68 % 10 58-88 14 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.9 9 g/kg 76 % 7 68-90 14 Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.8 15.6 g/kg 83 % 3 79-90 14 Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.1 16 g/kg 82 % 3 75-87 14 Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 22.4 25.3 g/kg 83 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 15.2 17.2 g/kg 84 % 3 82-91 14 Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.3 11.6 g/kg 81 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 25.5 28.8 g/kg 83 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.2 9.3 g/kg 84 % 6 81-98 14 Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 22.7 25.7 g/kg 87 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.3 13.9 g/kg 81 % 4 76-88 14 Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 32.3 36.4 g/kg 81 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 52.9 59.8 g/kg 84 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.9 13.4 g/kg 77 % 6 65-85 14 Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 15.2 17.2 g/kg 81 % 4 76-89 14 Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 14.9 16.8 g/kg 83 % 4 77-90 14 Gross energy (MJ) 21 23.7 MJ/kg - 0.7 19.4 -23 23 0.7 21.4 -24.6 28 Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.7 1.9 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 85 % 1 UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.38 1.56 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.4 1.58 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 92 103 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 139 157 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 160 181 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.35 1.52 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.36 1.54 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 106 120 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 152 171 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 145 164 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2370 2680 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2400 2710 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3550 4010 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 83 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 85.6 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 64 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.9 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.6 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.4 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.5 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 14.9 16.9 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10 11.3 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10.1 11.4 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 62 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.29 1.46 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.29 1.46 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 126 143 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 170 192 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 123 138 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.24 0.271 per kg - Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 3.4 3.9 g/kg 75 % C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0 0-0.01 5 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.6 0.7 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.09 0.1-0.4 11 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.3 0.4 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.04 0.1-0.2 6 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:0 behenic acid 0.9 1 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.4-0.5 2 C22:1 erucic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-0.3 2 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.2-0.2 2 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 2.5 2.8 g/kg 48 % Available P cockerel 1.3 1.5 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 1.3 1.5 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.25 1.41 per kg - 1 1 UFV INRA 2007 1.23 1.39 per kg - 1 1 DE growing pig (MJ) 16 18 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 15 17 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 11.1 12.6 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 17.5 19.8 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 16.4 18.5 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 12 13.5 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 13.4 15.1 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 12.9 14.6 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 14.1 16 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 16.6 18.8 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 15.1 17 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 17.4 19.6 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1247 1408 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1346 1520 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 148 167 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 152 172 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 4.3 4.8 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.2 1.4 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 95.7 108 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 4.49 5.08 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.64 2.99 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 2.51 2.84 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.61 2.95 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.88 2.13 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 35 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 42 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 8.8 10 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 272 307 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 14 15 g/kg - Origin Brazil, processed in France, average deforestation, ex factory Phosphorus consumption 16.58 18.73 g P/kg - Origin Brazil, processed in France, average deforestation, ex factory Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 9.42 10.64 MJ/kg - Origin Brazil, processed in France, average deforestation, ex factory Climate change (ILCD) 1412 1595 g CO2eq/kg - Origin Brazil, processed in France, average deforestation, ex factory Acidification (ILCD) 0.0088 0.01 mol H+eq/kg - Origin Brazil, processed in France, average deforestation, ex factory Eutrophication (CML baseline) 29.09 32.86 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin Brazil, processed in France, average deforestation, ex factory Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0007 0.0008 m²yr/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0.6 0.7 % - 1 1 Vitamin A 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin K 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - Vitamin C 46 52 mg/kg -