Dry matter 87.6 100 % - 1.4 83.8 -96.3 506 2.2 Crude protein 13.3 15.1 % - 1.9 9.1 -18.3 593 2.2 8.4 -20.5 514 Crude fibre 1 1.1 % - 0.5 0.1 -2.9 140 0.6 0.1 -3.3 107 Crude fat 2.4 2.7 % - 0.8 0.6 -4.2 139 0.9 0.7 -4.4 107 Ash 1.5 1.7 % - 0.6 0.4 -2.7 185 0.6 0.5 -3.1 152 Insoluble ash 0.06 0.07 % - 0.03 -0.09 2 1 NDF 7.2 8.2 % - 3.1 4.8 -13.6 7 3.6 5 -15.8 8 ADF 1.5 1.7 % - 0.9 0.4 -2.6 6 1 0.4 -3.2 7 Lignin 0.4 0.5 % - 0.1 0.3 -0.7 9 0.1 0.3 -0.8 10 Water insoluble cell walls 6.6 7.5 % - 1 1.8 -12.7 2 Starch 61.1 69.7 % - 6.5 44.6 -79.1 548 7.3 51.1 -83.2 463 Total sugars 4.9 5.6 % - 1 1.3 -4.9 10 Gross energy (kcal) 3950 4510 kcal/kg - 210 3830 -4110 3 230 3870 -4980 16 Calcium 0.7 0.8 g/kg - 0.4 0.7 -2 7 0.4 0.8 -2.1 8 Phosphorus 3.8 4.4 g/kg - 1.1 1.6 -4.9 11 1.3 1.8 -5.8 12 Phytate phosphorus 3.1 3.5 g/kg 80 % P Magnesium 1.6 1.8 g/kg - Potassium 5.4 6.2 g/kg - 1 1 Sodium 0.06 0.07 g/kg - 0 -0.15 4 0 -0.17 4 Chlorine 0.6 0.7 g/kg - 1 1 Sulfur 1.5 1.7 g/kg - 1 Dietary cation-anion difference 34 39 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 125 143 mEq/kg - Manganese 50 57 mg/kg - Zinc 40 45 mg/kg - Copper 5 6 mg/kg - Iron 14 16 mg/kg - 15 -16 2 Lysine 5 5.7 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 0.3 2.8-3.9 7 Threonine 4.1 4.6 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N 0.5 3.7 -4.9 7 0.6 3.8 -5.7 7 0.1 2.8-3.1 7 Methionine 2 2.3 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 0.4 1.8 -3 7 0.5 1.9 -3.5 7 0.2 1.4-1.9 7 Cystine 2.7 3.1 g/kg 2 g/16g N 0.5 3 -4.3 6 0.1 2-2.3 6 Methionine + cystine 4.7 5.3 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 0.9 4.9 -7.7 6 Tryptophan 1.6 1.8 g/kg 1.2 g/16g N 1.3 -1.8 3 1.5 -2 3 Isoleucine 4.2 4.8 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 0.7 3.9 -5.7 5 0.8 4.4 -6.5 5 0.3 3.1-3.8 5 Valine 6 6.8 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 0.8 4.8 -6.7 5 0.9 5.4 -7.7 5 0.4 3.8-4.7 5 Leucine 8.3 9.5 g/kg 6.3 g/16g N 0.9 7.4 -9.9 5 1 8.4 -11.3 5 0.3 5.9-6.6 5 Phenylalanine 5.4 6.2 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 0.7 5.1 -6.7 5 0.7 5.7 -7.6 5 0.2 4-4.4 5 Tyrosine 3.8 4.3 g/kg 2.8 g/16g N 1 1 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 9.2 10.5 g/kg 6.9 g/16g N 1 1 1 Histidine 3.5 4 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 3 -3.6 4 3.4 -4.1 4 2.2-2.7 4 Arginine 7.5 8.6 g/kg 5.7 g/16g N 1.2 5.1 -8 5 1.4 5.7 -9.1 5 0.7 4-5.7 5 Alanine 5.6 6.3 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 0.7 4.1 -5.6 5 0.7 4.6 -6.4 5 Aspartic acid 8 9.1 g/kg 6 g/16g N 7 -8.1 4 8.1 -9.2 4 Glutamic acid 31.4 35.8 g/kg 23.7 g/16g N Glycine 6.4 7.3 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N Serine 5.7 6.5 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 0.7 5.3 -7.1 5 0.8 6.2 -8.1 5 0.2 4.1-4.7 5 Proline 8.8 10.1 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N 1 1 1 C14:0 myristic acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0-0.3 4 C16:0 palmitic acid 3.4 3.9 g/kg 17.8 % FA 0.9 15.5-18.3 9 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.08 0.09 g/kg 0.4 % FA C18:0 stearic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.07 0.7-0.9 8 C18:1 oleic acid 2.9 3.3 g/kg 15.2 % FA 2.7 11.3-20.4 11 C18:2 linoleic acid 10.7 12.2 g/kg 56.4 % FA C18:3 linolenic acid 1.1 1.3 g/kg 5.9 % FA 1 5.4-8.5 9 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.2 0.3 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1 Fatty acids 1.9 2.2 % 80 % fat Vitamin B1 thiamin 22.7 25.9 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 2.2 2.5 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 4.6 5.2 mg/kg - Niacin 41.8 47.7 mg/kg - Folic acid 0.8 0.9 mg/kg - Biotin 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - Choline 1528 1743 mg/kg - Viscosity, real applied - 2 mL/g Phytase activity 3060 3490 IU/kg - 1 DE growing pig (kcal) 3670 4180 kcal/kg - 1 ME growing pig (kcal) 3550 4060 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2740 3130 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3700 4220 kcal/kg - 1 ME adult pig (kcal) 3570 4080 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2760 3150 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 92.7 % OM digestibility growing pig - 94.9 % N digestibility growing pig - 87.1 % N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 95.1 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 50.1 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 93.5 % 1 OM digestibility adult pig - 95.6 % 1 N digestibility adult pig - 88.5 % 1 Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1 1.1 g/kg 25 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 3070 3500 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 2960 3380 kcal/kg - 1 PDIA INRA 2007 32 36 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 88 100 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 93 106 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2790 3180 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 84.6 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 86.8 % N digestibility ruminants - 71 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 90 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 69.6 % Absorbable P ruminants 2.9 3.3 g/kg 75 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 76 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 35 % 32-56 2 Potentially degradable N (b) - 57 % 39-83 3 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.155 h-1 0.134-0.182 3 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 89 % Immediately degradable starch (a) - 68 % Potentially degradable starch (b) - 27 % Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.235 h-1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.8 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.7 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 90.4 % Energy digestibility horse - 86.8 % Horse Forage Unit 1.13 1.29 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 104 119 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3300 3760 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME rabbit (kcal) 3160 3600 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 83.3 % 1 N digestibility rabbit - 78.9 % 1 Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 4.7 5.3 g/kg 94 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 3.7 4.2 g/kg 92 % 89-92 4 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2.2 g/kg 96 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.5 2.9 g/kg 93 % 93-94 4 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.4 5 g/kg 95 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.7 g/kg 92 % 90-93 3 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 4 4.5 g/kg 95 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 6.3 g/kg 93 % 89-93 4 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 8 9.1 g/kg 96 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.3 6 g/kg 97 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.6 4.1 g/kg 96 % 92-98 4 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 8.9 10.1 g/kg 96 % 94-97 4 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 3.9 g/kg 97 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 7.3 8.4 g/kg 97 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 5 5.7 g/kg 89 % 80-91 4 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 7.3 8.4 g/kg 92 % 87-92 4 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 30.9 35.2 g/kg 98 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 6 6.8 g/kg 94 % 89-96 4 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 5.4 6.2 g/kg 95 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 8.6 9.8 g/kg 97 % 1 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.7 g/kg 83 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.4 3.9 g/kg 84 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 2 g/kg 90 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.3 2.6 g/kg 86 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.6 g/kg 87 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.4 1.6 g/kg 88 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.8 4.3 g/kg 91 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.3 6 g/kg 88 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.5 8.5 g/kg 90 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5 5.7 g/kg 92 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.3 3.7 g/kg 87 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.2 9.4 g/kg 90 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 3 3.5 g/kg 86 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.4 7.3 g/kg 85 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.6 5.3 g/kg 83 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 6.6 7.5 g/kg 82 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 30.4 34.6 g/kg 97 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.5 6.3 g/kg 87 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.2 5.9 g/kg 90 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 8.6 9.8 g/kg 98 % Gross energy (MJ) 16.6 18.9 MJ/kg - 0.9 16 -17.2 3 1 16.2 -20.8 16 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.4 0.4 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.08 1.23 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.09 1.25 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 26 29 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 78 89 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 9 11 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.06 1.21 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.07 1.22 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 30 34 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 80 92 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 8 9 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1870 2130 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1880 2150 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2790 3180 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 85.4 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 83.2 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 75 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 84 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.6 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 12.4 14.2 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.5 9.6 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.7 9.9 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 75 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.02 1.17 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.02 1.17 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 36 41 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 85 97 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 4 4 g/kg - Origin France, ex factory Phosphorus consumption 0.88 1 g P/kg - Origin France, ex factory Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 0.94 1.07 MJ/kg - Origin France, ex factory Climate change (ILCD) 105 120 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Acidification (ILCD) 0.0026 0.003 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Eutrophication (CML baseline) 11.41 13.02 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Land competition (CML non baseline) 0 0 m²yr/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.128 0.147 per kg - Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.07 0.08 mg/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.08 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.04 0.04 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-1.9 3 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0.09 0.1 g/kg 0.5 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.4 1.6 g/kg 38 % Available P cockerel 1 1.1 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 1 1.1 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.04 1.19 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.04 1.19 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 2120 2420 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 53.7 % N digestibility salmonids - 82.8 % DE growing pig (MJ) 15.3 17.5 MJ/kg - 1 ME growing pig (MJ) 14.9 17 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 11.5 13.1 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 15.5 17.7 MJ/kg - 1 ME adult pig (MJ) 15 17.1 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 11.6 13.2 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 12.9 14.7 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 12.4 14.1 MJ/kg - 1 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11.7 13.3 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 13.8 15.7 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME rabbit (MJ) 13.2 15.1 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 8.9 10.1 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1042 1189 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1140 1301 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 83 95 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 3 3 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 5 5.7 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.7 2 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 78 89 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.45 3.94 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.81 2.06 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.71 1.95 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.95 2.22 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.34 1.53 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 22 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 26 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7.4 8.4 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 153 174 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -3 -4 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 54.8 62.5 % - Vitamin A 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -