Dry matter 86.9 100 % - 1.1 82.1 -97.1 4839 1.8 Crude protein 15.3 17.6 % - 0.9 11 -19.6 5417 1 12.1 -21.4 4733 Crude fibre 9.2 10.5 % - 1.1 6 -13 5058 1.3 6.8 -15.1 4407 Crude fat 3.3 3.8 % - 0.4 2 -5 791 0.5 2.3 -5.7 757 Ash 4.8 5.6 % - 0.5 3 -7 2014 0.5 3.4 -7.9 1638 Insoluble ash 0.1 0.2 % - 0.2 0 -0.2 34 0.3 0.01 -1.6 34 NDF 39.6 45.6 % - 4.4 24.4 -52.5 664 5 22.8 -59.6 760 ADF 11.8 13.5 % - 1.4 7 -16.4 651 1.6 8.1 -18.7 761 Lignin 3.4 3.9 % - 0.6 1.8 -4.7 351 0.6 1.9 -5.2 449 Water insoluble cell walls 38.8 44.7 % - 4.9 27.3 -46.5 20 5.6 30.6 -52.7 19 Starch 19.4 22.3 % - 3.9 10.3 -37.7 4827 4.5 11.6 -40.4 4139 Total sugars 6.9 7.9 % - 1.3 2.9 -8.6 138 1.5 3.3 -9.8 137 Gross energy (kcal) 3930 4520 kcal/kg - 80 3680 -4150 33 70 4310 -4660 70 Calcium 1.2 1.4 g/kg - 0.4 0.2 -3 714 0.5 0.2 -3.5 704 Phosphorus 9.5 11 g/kg - 1.3 4.6 -12 104 1.5 5.2 -13.6 79 Phytate phosphorus 7.6 8.8 g/kg 80 % P 7.4 -11.9 3 5.6 -14 4 50-86 3 Magnesium 3.6 4.2 g/kg - 0.8 1.9 -5.9 41 0.9 2.2 -6.7 55 Potassium 11.7 13.5 g/kg - 1.9 8.1 -17.6 65 2.2 8.9 -20 74 Sodium 0.07 0.08 g/kg - 0.06 0 -0.27 104 0.07 0 -0.4 117 Chlorine 0.8 0.9 g/kg - 0.2 0.4 -1.2 32 0.2 0.5 -1.4 40 Sulfur 1.9 2.1 g/kg - 0.5 1.6 -2.6 6 0.5 1.6 -2.9 16 Dietary cation-anion difference 163 188 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 280 322 mEq/kg - Manganese 111 128 mg/kg - 30 58 -165 30 35 30 -188 44 Zinc 76 87 mg/kg - 24 11 -127 23 28 13 -145 37 Copper 11 13 mg/kg - 3 9 -16 26 4 2 -19 36 Iron 143 165 mg/kg - 62 72 -209 23 71 58 -433 26 Selenium 0.4 0.5 mg/kg - 0.1 0.3 -0.7 6 0.2 0.3 -0.8 6 Cobalt 0.09 0.1 mg/kg - Molybdenum 1 2 mg/kg - 0.7 1 -3 15 Iodine 0 0 mg/kg - 1 Lysine 6 7 g/kg 4 g/16g N 0.8 3.5 -8.8 82 1 4.1 -9.8 70 0.4 2.9-4.9 81 Threonine 4.9 5.6 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 0.7 3.6 -6.7 40 0.8 4.2 -7.4 29 0.2 2.9-3.8 39 Methionine 2.3 2.7 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 0.4 1.7 -3.6 64 0.4 2 -4 53 0.2 1-1.8 63 Cystine 3.2 3.7 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N 0.3 2.1 -4 54 0.4 2.8 -4.6 44 0.3 1.5-2.6 54 Methionine + cystine 5.6 6.4 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 0.5 4.2 -6.9 52 0.6 5.2 -7.7 42 0.2 3-4.1 51 Tryptophan 2 2.3 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N 0.4 1.4 -3 21 0.5 1.7 -3.3 14 0.2 1.1-1.7 23 Isoleucine 4.9 5.6 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 0.8 4 -7 40 0.9 4.5 -7.7 31 0.2 2.6-3.6 41 Valine 6.9 7.9 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 0.8 5.5 -9.4 38 0.9 6.7 -10.2 28 0.4 3.6-5.4 38 Leucine 9.3 10.7 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 1.1 7.8 -12 38 1.2 9.1 -13.3 29 0.4 5.1-7.1 39 Phenylalanine 6.1 7 g/kg 4 g/16g N 0.8 5 -8.1 38 0.9 5.7 -9 29 0.3 3.1-4.5 39 Tyrosine 4 4.6 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N 0.4 3 -4.9 26 0.5 3.6 -5.5 20 0.3 2.1-3 29 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 10.1 11.6 g/kg 6.6 g/16g N 0.7 8.6 -11.8 22 0.8 10.4 -13.1 16 0.4 5.9-7.4 24 Histidine 4 4.7 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 0.5 3.3 -5.2 37 0.6 3.9 -5.8 28 0.3 2.1-3.1 38 Arginine 9.6 11.1 g/kg 6.3 g/16g N 1.8 5.6 -14.4 36 2.1 6.5 -16 27 0.7 4.6-7.9 36 Alanine 6.8 7.8 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 0.8 4.6 -8.9 36 1 5.4 -9.8 28 0.4 3.8-5.3 36 Aspartic acid 10 11.5 g/kg 6.6 g/16g N 1.8 6.6 -14.9 36 2 7.7 -16.6 26 0.5 5.4-7.9 35 Glutamic acid 30.8 35.4 g/kg 20.1 g/16g N 2.9 24.9 -36.7 35 3.4 28.7 -40 27 2.2 16.6-26.4 34 Glycine 7.4 8.5 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 1 4.6 -9.8 37 1.1 5.4 -10.7 27 0.5 3.8-6.1 37 Serine 6.6 7.5 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 0.9 5.3 -8.6 38 1 6.2 -9.5 28 0.2 3.9-4.9 37 Proline 10.1 11.7 g/kg 6.6 g/16g N 1 8 -12.2 25 1.1 9.4 -13.3 18 0.6 5.5-7.7 25 C14:0 myristic acid 0.04 0.04 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0-0.3 4 C16:0 palmitic acid 4.7 5.4 g/kg 17.8 % FA 0.4 3.7 -4.8 5 0.9 15.5-18.3 9 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.4 % FA C18:0 stearic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.07 0.7-0.9 8 C18:1 oleic acid 4 4.6 g/kg 15.2 % FA 0.5 3.8 -5.2 5 0.6 4.2 -5.8 5 2.7 11.3-20.4 11 C18:2 linoleic acid 14.7 17 g/kg 56.4 % FA 1.4 14 -17.5 5 1.5 15.6 -19.3 5 C18:3 linolenic acid 1.5 1.8 g/kg 5.9 % FA 0.2 1.3 -1.9 5 0.3 1.5 -2.1 5 1 5.4-8.5 9 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.3 0.4 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1 Fatty acids 2.6 3 % 80 % fat 3 75-84 5 Vitamin A 0.09 0.1 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin E 14.8 17 mg/kg - 1 Vitamin K 0.5 0.5 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 7.6 8.7 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 4 4.6 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 9.8 11.3 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 192 221 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 28 32.3 mg/kg - Folic acid 0 0 mg/kg - Biotin 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - Choline 744 856 mg/kg - Viscosity, real applied - 2 mL/g Phytase activity 1760 2030 IU/kg - 1 1100 -3340 2 DE growing pig (kcal) 2230 2560 kcal/kg - 280 1920 -2900 14 320 2140 -3300 18 ME growing pig (kcal) 2110 2430 kcal/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (kcal) 1490 1710 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 2460 2830 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2300 2650 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1620 1860 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 56.7 % 7 46.5-71 17 OM digestibility growing pig - 60.5 % 5.6 54-73 9 N digestibility growing pig - 64.6 % 6.9 59.9-84.9 13 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 68.6 % 6.7 61.9-82.1 11 Crude fat digestibility pig - 39.1 % 14.5 12-59 11 Energy digestibility adult pig - 62.6 % OM digestibility adult pig - 66.2 % N digestibility adult pig - 73.8 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 2.4 2.7 g/kg 25 % 1 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 4.8 5.5 g/kg 50 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1660 1910 kcal/kg - 340 1250 -1840 6 390 1270 -2530 16 AMEn broiler (kcal) 1580 1820 kcal/kg - 1670 -1870 3 PDIA INRA 2007 34 40 g/kg - 9 10 32 -64 8 PDIN INRA 2007 98 112 g/kg - 10 11 95 -130 8 PDIE INRA 2007 79 91 g/kg - 8 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2200 2530 kcal/kg - 230 260 2060 -3040 14 Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 68.6 % 4.7 64.5-77.4 14 OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 70.5 % 5.1 66.4-81.3 18 N digestibility ruminants - 66.9 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 80 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 72.3 % Absorbable P ruminants 7.2 8.2 g/kg 75 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 75 % 6 65-87 17 Immediately degradable N (a) - 35 % 15 13-55 7 Potentially degradable N (b) - 54 % 15 41-78 7 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.165 h-1 0.09 0.083-0.307 7 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 95 % Immediately degradable starch (a) - 78 % Potentially degradable starch (b) - 22 % Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.205 h-1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 61 % 3 57-65 7 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 36 % 8 23-43 6 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 42 % 14 34-64 6 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.09 h-1 0.016 0.067-0.108 6 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.7 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 69.3 % Energy digestibility horse - 66.8 % Horse Forage Unit 0.77 0.88 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 103 118 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2710 3120 kcal/kg - 240 2560 -3280 12 ME rabbit (kcal) 2610 3000 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 68.9 % N digestibility rabbit - 48.4 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 4.1 4.8 g/kg 69 % 192 4 -438 5 221 4.5 -500 5 8 61-86 12 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 3.2 3.7 g/kg 65 % 189 3.7 -428 5 7 61-80 12 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2 g/kg 76 % 222 1.7 -502 5 255 1.9 -573 5 5 72-88 12 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.3 2.7 g/kg 72 % 4 69-83 10 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.1 4.7 g/kg 74 % 3.8 -4.5 4 4.3 -5.1 4 5 72-84 10 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.7 g/kg 76 % 3 74-84 7 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 3.6 4.2 g/kg 74 % 211 3.1 -480 5 243 3.5 -548 5 5 69-85 12 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 5 5.7 g/kg 72 % 5 65-82 12 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 7 8.1 g/kg 75 % 228 6.9 -523 5 263 7.8 -596 5 5 70-86 12 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.8 5.5 g/kg 79 % 278 4.8 -633 5 320 5.4 -722 5 5 74-88 12 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.2 3.7 g/kg 80 % 209 3 -475 5 240 3.4 -542 5 4 74-86 12 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 8 9.2 g/kg 79 % 7.8 -8.7 4 8.8 -9.8 4 4 74-86 10 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 3.2 3.7 g/kg 79 % 233 3 -529 5 268 3.3 -603 5 4 76-89 12 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 8.1 9.3 g/kg 84 % 219 7.8 -502 5 252 8.8 -573 5 5 77-94 12 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.5 5.1 g/kg 66 % 140 4.4 -320 5 161 4.9 -365 5 7 58-82 12 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 7.1 8.2 g/kg 71 % 156 6.9 -360 5 179 7.8 -410 5 7 65-86 12 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 26.5 30.5 g/kg 86 % 261 29.9 -615 5 4 77-92 12 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 4.8 5.5 g/kg 65 % 4.7 -5.8 4 5.3 -6.6 4 8 60-88 11 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 4.8 5.6 g/kg 74 % 174 4.4 -397 5 200 5 -453 5 5 70-87 12 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 8.2 9.4 g/kg 81 % 179 6.9 -412 5 206 7.9 -470 5 11 56-92 8 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.6 5.3 g/kg 77 % 46-79 2 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.5 4 g/kg 71 % 54-73 2 Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2.2 g/kg 81 % 54-82 2 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.4 2.8 g/kg 75 % 65-76 2 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 4.9 g/kg 77 % 1 Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.5 1.8 g/kg 76 % 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.9 4.4 g/kg 79 % 54-81 2 Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.1 5.9 g/kg 75 % 47-76 2 Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.2 8.3 g/kg 77 % 56-79 2 Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.7 5.5 g/kg 78 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.9 3.3 g/kg 72 % 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.6 8.8 g/kg 76 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 3 3.5 g/kg 74 % 54-78 2 Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.6 8.7 g/kg 79 % 54-83 2 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5 5.8 g/kg 75 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 7.5 8.6 g/kg 75 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 26.6 30.6 g/kg 86 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.3 6.1 g/kg 72 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.9 5.7 g/kg 75 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 7.9 9 g/kg 77 % 1 Gross energy (MJ) 16.4 18.9 MJ/kg - 0.3 15.4 -17.4 33 0.3 18 -19.5 70 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.7 0.8 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % 1 UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.81 0.93 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.77 0.88 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 29 33 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 75 86 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 32 37 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.79 0.91 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.74 0.85 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 32 37 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 77 89 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 29 34 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1390 1600 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1300 1500 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2200 2530 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 69.1 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 67.2 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 73 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 89 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.6 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9.2 10.6 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 5.8 6.7 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 5.5 6.3 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 60 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.75 0.86 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.69 0.8 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 38 44 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 82 95 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 23 27 g/kg - Origin France, ex factory Phosphorus consumption 0.61 0.7 g P/kg - Origin France, ex factory Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 0.65 0.75 MJ/kg - Origin France, ex factory Climate change (ILCD) 73 84 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Acidification (ILCD) 0.0018 0.0021 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Eutrophication (CML baseline) 7.89 9.07 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Land competition (CML non baseline) 0 0 m²yr/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.269 0.31 per kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.08 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.05 0.06 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-1.9 3 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0.1 0.2 g/kg 0.5 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Available P cockerel 2.4 2.7 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 2.4 2.7 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.78 0.9 per kg - 0.04 0.04 0.87 -0.99 7 UFV INRA 2007 0.72 0.83 per kg - 0.05 0.05 0.79 -0.94 7 DE salmonids (kcal) 2180 2510 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 44.6 % 36-45.3 4 N digestibility salmonids - 83.7 % DE growing pig (MJ) 9.3 10.7 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 8.8 10.2 MJ/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (MJ) 6.2 7.2 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 10.3 11.8 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 9.6 11.1 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 6.8 7.8 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 7 8 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 6.6 7.6 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 9.2 10.6 MJ/kg - 230 DE rabbit (MJ) 11.3 13 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 10.9 12.6 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 9.1 10.5 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 778 894 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 792 910 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 63 72 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 35 40 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.5 4 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.3 1.4 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 61 70.2 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 2.77 3.18 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.37 1.57 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.29 1.48 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.48 1.7 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.95 1.09 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 24 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 28 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 5.5 6.3 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 134 154 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 3 3 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 16.3 18.7 % - 5.3 9.6 -28.1 6 6.1 10.8 -31 25 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin C 0 0 mg/kg -