Dry matter 88.1 100 % - 1.3 85 -95.7 353 2.1 Crude protein 15.8 17.9 % - 1.1 9.8 -18.8 398 1.2 13.5 -21.2 348 Crude fibre 7.2 8.2 % - 1.4 2.9 -10 151 1.6 3.4 -11.4 140 Crude fat 3.8 4.3 % - 0.8 0.8 -5.3 337 0.9 0.9 -6.1 347 Ash 3.9 4.4 % - 0.7 2 -5.6 113 0.8 2.3 -6.1 103 Insoluble ash 0.08 0.09 % - 0.04 0.02 -0.2 27 0.04 0.02 -0.2 27 NDF 31.9 36.2 % - 5.4 19.9 -43.6 30 6.1 22.7 -50.3 80 ADF 9.3 10.6 % - 2 4.7 -13.1 30 2.3 5.3 -15.2 88 Lignin 2.7 3.1 % - 0.7 1.2 -3.8 18 0.8 1.4 -4.3 67 Water insoluble cell walls 31.1 35.3 % - 21.3 -33.6 3 24.3 -38.5 2 Starch 18.9 21.4 % - 0.9 17 -20 124 0.9 19.2 -22.9 116 Total sugars 7 7.9 % - 1.6 2.1 -9.5 10 1.9 2.4 -8.2 10 Gross energy (kcal) 4040 4580 kcal/kg - 100 3870 -4290 14 80 4410 -4840 30 Calcium 1.1 1.2 g/kg - 0.4 0.2 -2.1 63 0.4 0.2 -2.4 68 Phosphorus 8 9 g/kg - 2 4.6 -15.3 71 2.2 5.2 -16.8 77 Phytate phosphorus 6.4 7.2 g/kg 80 % P 1 7.2 -10.5 3 78-80 2 Magnesium 2.3 2.6 g/kg - 0.7 1.1 -4.3 27 0.8 1.2 -4.8 27 Potassium 10 11.3 g/kg - 1.6 7.1 -15.4 33 1.8 8.1 -16.9 40 Sodium 0.08 0.09 g/kg - 0.01 0.08 -0.11 3 0.01 0.09 -0.12 11 Chlorine 1 1.1 g/kg - Sulfur 2 2.3 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 106 120 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 233 264 mEq/kg - Manganese 88 99 mg/kg - 35 58 -169 13 Zinc 84 95 mg/kg - 16 70 -119 3 18 72 -139 13 Copper 13 15 mg/kg - 2 11 -15 3 2 12 -17 11 Iron 61 69 mg/kg - 58 -64 2 65 -72 2 Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.07 0.08 mg/kg - 1 1 Molybdenum 0.9 1 mg/kg - Iodine 0.09 0.1 mg/kg - Lysine 6.3 7.2 g/kg 4 g/16g N 0.9 2.3 -7.3 55 1 4.6 -8.4 28 0.5 2.2-4.9 56 Threonine 5.1 5.8 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 0.7 2.6 -6.1 49 0.8 4.2 -8 25 0.3 2.6-4 53 Methionine 2.4 2.7 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 0.4 1.5 -3.2 47 0.4 1.6 -3.6 22 0.2 0.8-2 50 Cystine 3.2 3.6 g/kg 2 g/16g N 0.3 2.1 -3.7 40 0.3 2.9 -4.3 14 0.1 1.6-2.4 41 Methionine + cystine 5.6 6.4 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 0.4 3.6 -6.2 40 0.5 5.3 -7.2 14 0.3 3.1-4.3 41 Tryptophan 2.1 2.4 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N 0.3 1.1 -2.8 32 0.3 1.9 -2.9 9 0.2 1.1-1.8 33 Isoleucine 5.1 5.7 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 0.5 3.4 -6.4 49 0.6 4.7 -7 25 0.2 2.8-3.8 53 Valine 7.1 8.1 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 0.8 4 -7.9 47 0.9 6.4 -10 21 0.3 3.8-5.1 49 Leucine 9.6 10.9 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 0.8 6.5 -11.2 49 0.9 9.9 -14 25 0.4 5.2-7 53 Phenylalanine 6.3 7.1 g/kg 4 g/16g N 0.5 5.3 -7.4 44 0.6 5.9 -8.2 23 0.2 3.4-4.4 48 Tyrosine 4.1 4.7 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N 0.8 2.9 -5.1 33 0.9 3.4 -6 14 0.3 2.1-3.5 37 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 10.4 11.8 g/kg 6.6 g/16g N 1.3 8.5 -11.9 25 1.5 9.4 -14 9 0.4 5.7-7.3 29 Histidine 4.2 4.7 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N 0.4 2 -4.9 45 0.4 3.8 -5.5 21 0.2 2-3 48 Arginine 10.1 11.5 g/kg 6.4 g/16g N 1.6 5.4 -12.9 46 1.8 8.4 -15 23 0.6 4.9-7.2 49 Alanine 7 8 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 1 4.4 -8.6 45 1.1 6.1 -11 22 0.4 3.4-5.2 47 Aspartic acid 10.5 11.9 g/kg 6.6 g/16g N 1.3 6.5 -12 43 1.5 9.3 -16 23 0.4 5.5-8.1 46 Glutamic acid 31.8 36.1 g/kg 20.2 g/16g N 3.4 24.4 -42.3 44 3.8 30.5 -44.5 23 2.8 14.4-26.7 47 Glycine 7.7 8.7 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 0.8 3.4 -8.6 46 0.9 6.6 -11 23 0.5 3.5-5.8 50 Serine 6.8 7.7 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 0.6 4.4 -7.5 45 0.7 6.2 -8.6 20 0.3 3.1-5 47 Proline 10.5 11.9 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N 0.9 8 -13.9 32 1 10.2 -13.6 13 0.8 5.1-8.7 34 C14:0 myristic acid 0.04 0.05 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0-0.3 4 C16:0 palmitic acid 5.4 6.2 g/kg 17.8 % FA 0.9 15.5-18.3 9 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.4 % FA C18:0 stearic acid 0.2 0.3 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.07 0.7-0.9 8 C18:1 oleic acid 4.6 5.3 g/kg 15.2 % FA 2.7 11.3-20.4 11 C18:2 linoleic acid 17.2 19.5 g/kg 56.4 % FA C18:3 linolenic acid 1.8 2 g/kg 5.9 % FA 1 5.4-8.5 9 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1 Fatty acids 3 3.5 % 80 % fat Vitamin E 15 17 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 7.7 8.7 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 4.1 4.6 mg/kg - 1 Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 9.9 11.3 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 195 221 mg/kg - 1 Folic acid 0 0 mg/kg - Biotin 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - Choline 754 856 mg/kg - Viscosity, real applied - 2 mL/g Phytase activity 3390 3850 IU/kg - 1 DE growing pig (kcal) 2660 3010 kcal/kg - 2300 -3100 3 2510 -3560 4 ME growing pig (kcal) 2520 2860 kcal/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (kcal) 1750 1990 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 2840 3230 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2650 3010 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1870 2120 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 65.7 % 56.4-78 4 OM digestibility growing pig - 69.1 % 1 N digestibility growing pig - 70.3 % 69-79.4 3 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 75.3 % 5.2 75.1-88.7 8 Crude fat digestibility pig - 49.1 % 1 Energy digestibility adult pig - 70.4 % OM digestibility adult pig - 73.5 % N digestibility adult pig - 77.4 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 2 2.3 g/kg 25 % 1 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 4 4.5 g/kg 50 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2060 2330 kcal/kg - 1 AMEn broiler (kcal) 1980 2240 kcal/kg - 1430 -1990 2 PDIA INRA 2007 36 41 g/kg - 32 -64 2 PDIN INRA 2007 103 117 g/kg - 111 -135 2 PDIE INRA 2007 85 97 g/kg - 94 -137 2 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2410 2730 kcal/kg - 290 2370 -2560 4 330 2390 -3510 20 Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 72.9 % 5.7 67.1-84.7 20 OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 74.6 % 5.2 71.6-87.2 21 N digestibility ruminants - 68.6 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 87 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 73.2 % Absorbable P ruminants 6 6.8 g/kg 75 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 76 % 8 68-87 5 Immediately degradable N (a) - 35 % 32-56 2 Potentially degradable N (b) - 57 % 39-83 3 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.155 h-1 0.134-0.182 3 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 95 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 72 % 3 70-77 5 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.7 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.7 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 72 % 1 Energy digestibility horse - 69.3 % Horse Forage Unit 0.81 0.92 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 112 127 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2930 3320 kcal/kg - 1 2930 -3460 2 ME rabbit (kcal) 2800 3180 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 72.4 % 1 N digestibility rabbit - 59.8 % DE salmonids (kcal) 1800 2040 kcal/kg - 1490 -2030 4 1670 -2280 4 Energy digestibility, salmonids - 44.6 % 36-45.3 4 N digestibility salmonids - 89.3 % 68-92 4 Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 4.7 5.4 g/kg 75 % 4.4 -5.6 2 5 -6.4 2 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 3.7 4.2 g/kg 72 % 3 -4.5 2 3.4 -5.1 2 4 70-83 8 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 2 2.2 g/kg 81 % 1.9 -2.1 2 2.2 -2.4 2 3 81-91 8 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.5 2.8 g/kg 77 % 3 76-86 8 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.4 5 g/kg 79 % 3 79-88 8 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.9 g/kg 80 % 78-88 4 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 4 4.6 g/kg 80 % 5 77-90 8 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 6.3 g/kg 77 % 5.4 -6.1 2 6.2 -7 2 5 76-88 8 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 7.7 8.8 g/kg 81 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.2 5.9 g/kg 84 % 4 84-93 8 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.4 3.9 g/kg 84 % 3.4 -4.3 2 3.9 -4.9 2 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 8.7 9.8 g/kg 84 % 8.5 -9.2 2 9.7 -10.4 2 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 4 g/kg 83 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 8.8 10 g/kg 87 % 7.5 -9.5 2 8.5 -10.9 2 3 85-94 8 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.1 5.7 g/kg 72 % 4.6 -5.7 2 5.2 -6.5 2 5 71-85 8 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 8 9 g/kg 76 % 7.1 -9.3 2 8 -10.6 2 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 28.4 32.2 g/kg 89 % 25.4 -31.4 2 29 -35.8 2 3 88-95 8 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 6.3 g/kg 72 % 5 -6 2 5.6 -6.8 2 5 69-84 8 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 5.4 6.1 g/kg 79 % 4.7 -6.1 2 5.4 -6.9 2 3 79-88 8 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 9.4 10.6 g/kg 89 % 8 70-94 8 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.9 5.6 g/kg 78 % 66-83 2 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.8 4.3 g/kg 74 % 59-75 2 Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.3 g/kg 83 % 69-85 2 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.8 g/kg 77 % 69-79 2 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 5.1 g/kg 80 % 1 Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 1.9 g/kg 79 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.2 4.7 g/kg 82 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.6 6.3 g/kg 78 % 65-80 2 Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.7 8.7 g/kg 80 % 69-83 2 Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.1 5.8 g/kg 82 % 74-83 2 Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.1 3.5 g/kg 76 % 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.2 9.3 g/kg 79 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.2 3.7 g/kg 77 % 68-77 2 Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.1 9.2 g/kg 80 % 66-83 2 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.4 6.1 g/kg 77 % 61-77 2 Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 8.1 9.1 g/kg 77 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 28.3 32.2 g/kg 89 % 82-90 2 Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.8 6.6 g/kg 76 % 60-88 2 Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.3 6.1 g/kg 79 % 66-80 2 Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 8.7 9.8 g/kg 83 % 79-88 2 Gross energy (MJ) 16.9 19.2 MJ/kg - 0.4 16.2 -18 14 0.4 18.4 -20.3 30 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.6 0.7 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.9 1.02 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.87 0.99 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 30 34 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 78 89 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 35 40 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.88 1 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.84 0.96 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 34 39 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 82 93 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 32 36 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1550 1760 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1490 1690 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2410 2740 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 73.2 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 71.5 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 75 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 89 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.6 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10.4 11.8 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.7 7.6 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.5 7.3 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 69 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.84 0.95 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.8 0.9 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 41 47 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 88 100 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 25 29 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.196 0.222 per kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.02 0.03 g/kg 0.08 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.06 0.07 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-1.9 3 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.5 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Available P cockerel 2 2.3 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 2 2.3 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.87 0.98 per kg - 0.06 0.81 -0.89 4 0.07 0.93 -1.13 12 UFV INRA 2007 0.82 0.93 per kg - 0.08 0.77 -0.85 4 0.09 0.87 -1.12 12 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 46 % Potentially degradable DM (b) - 38 % Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.13 h-1 0.057 0.004-0.145 5 DE growing pig (MJ) 11.1 12.6 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 10.5 12 MJ/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (MJ) 7.3 8.3 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 11.9 13.5 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 11.1 12.6 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 7.8 8.9 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 8.6 9.8 MJ/kg - 1 AMEn broiler (MJ) 8.3 9.4 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 10.1 11.4 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 12.2 13.9 MJ/kg - 1 ME rabbit (MJ) 11.7 13.3 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 7.5 8.6 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 864 981 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 898 1020 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 71 81 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 35 39 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.9 4.4 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.4 1.6 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 66.6 75.6 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.01 3.41 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.52 1.73 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.44 1.63 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.64 1.86 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.08 1.23 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 22 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 26 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.1 6.9 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 143 162 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 2 3 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 15.7 17.8 % - Vitamin A 0.09 0.1 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin K 0.5 0.5 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 28.4 32.3 mg/kg - Vitamin C 0 0 mg/kg -