Dry matter 88.8 100 % - 2.7 81.8 -97 440 4.2 Crude protein 15.8 17.8 % - 1.2 12.8 -20.6 434 1.2 13.5 -22.6 433 Crude fibre 18.4 20.7 % - 1.7 12.5 -24 438 1.8 13.7 -25.5 434 Crude fat 5.3 6 % - 1.9 0.6 -10.7 227 2.1 0.7 -11.7 228 Ash 8.3 9.4 % - 0.8 4 -10.9 246 0.8 4.6 -12.2 250 Insoluble ash 0.7 0.8 % - 1 1 NDF 41.3 46.5 % - 4.4 22.1 -49.3 83 4.8 22.8 -56.3 88 ADF 32.2 36.3 % - 3.6 15.1 -39.4 85 3.9 15.6 -42.5 91 Lignin 16.3 18.3 % - 2.4 10.6 -23.4 143 2.6 11.9 -25.1 148 Water insoluble cell walls 40.5 45.6 % - 1 1 Starch 6.9 7.8 % - 0.5 6.4 -7.5 5 6.8 -8.3 4 Total sugars 0.9 1 % - 0.4 -1.4 2 0.4 -1.6 2 Gross energy (kcal) 3990 4490 kcal/kg - 190 3780 -4040 3 170 4180 -4720 7 Calcium 3.2 3.7 g/kg - 0.8 1 -6 121 0.9 1.1 -6.4 122 Phosphorus 3.9 4.4 g/kg - 0.7 2.5 -6.8 131 0.8 2.7 -7.5 132 Magnesium 3.8 4.3 g/kg - 3.3 -4.7 2 3.6 -5 2 Potassium 23.7 26.7 g/kg - 2.9 13.7 -29 60 3.2 15.6 -32.9 60 Sodium 0.19 0.22 g/kg - 0.18 0.1 -0.9 23 0.2 0.11 -1.04 23 Chlorine 0.3 0.4 g/kg - 0.1 0 -0.6 16 0.2 0 -0.7 16 Electrolyte balance 608 685 mEq/kg - Copper 35 39 mg/kg - 1 1 Iron 493 556 mg/kg - Lysine 6.8 7.6 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1 1 1 Threonine 5.5 6.2 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N Methionine 1.4 1.6 g/kg 0.9 g/16g N 1 1 1 Cystine 1.7 2 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N 1 1 1 Methionine + cystine 3.2 3.6 g/kg 2 g/16g N 1 1 1 Tryptophan 1.7 2 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N Isoleucine 5.5 6.2 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N Valine 6 6.8 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N Leucine 9.8 11 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N Phenylalanine 6.6 7.5 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N Tyrosine 4.3 4.8 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N Phenylalanine + tyrosine 10.9 12.3 g/kg 6.9 g/16g N Histidine 2.5 2.8 g/kg 1.6 g/16g N Arginine 7.9 8.9 g/kg 5 g/16g N Alanine 6.3 7.1 g/kg 4 g/16g N Aspartic acid 13.6 15.3 g/kg 8.6 g/16g N Glutamic acid 23.7 26.7 g/kg 15 g/16g N Glycine 5.1 5.7 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N Serine 6.3 7.1 g/kg 4 g/16g N Proline 5.1 5.7 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N C14:0 myristic acid 0.05 0.06 g/kg 0.1 % FA C16:0 palmitic acid 13.5 15.2 g/kg 26.6 % FA C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:0 stearic acid 17.6 19.8 g/kg 34.7 % FA C18:1 oleic acid 17.3 19.5 g/kg 34.1 % FA C18:2 linoleic acid 1.5 1.7 g/kg 2.9 % FA C18:3 linolenic acid 0.05 0.06 g/kg 0.1 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Fatty acids 5.1 5.7 % 95 % fat DE growing pig (kcal) 790 890 kcal/kg - 1 ME growing pig (kcal) 720 810 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 530 600 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 1070 1210 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 970 1090 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 640 720 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 19.7 % 1 OM digestibility growing pig - 25.7 % 1 N digestibility growing pig - 10 % 1 Crude fat digestibility pig - 54.9 % 1 Energy digestibility adult pig - 26.9 % OM digestibility adult pig - 32.8 % N digestibility adult pig - 20.8 % PDIA INRA 2007 46 52 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 89 100 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 63 71 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 1140 1280 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 35.5 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 38 % 1 N digestibility ruminants - 56.6 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 55 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 75.6 % N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 52 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 37 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 36 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.041 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 45 % 40-54 2 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 16 % 3-41 3 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 50 % 37-57 3 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.085 h-1 0.032-0.112 3 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.6 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.4 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.5 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 66.2 % Energy digestibility horse - 63.9 % Horse Forage Unit 0.6 0.68 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 79 89 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 1900 2140 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME rabbit (kcal) 1800 2030 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 47.6 % 1 N digestibility rabbit - 45.5 % 1 Gross energy (MJ) 16.7 18.8 MJ/kg - 0.8 15.8 -16.9 3 0.7 17.5 -19.7 7 Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.8 2 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 50 % 1 UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.35 0.4 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.24 0.27 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 37 41 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 70 78 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 27 31 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.33 0.37 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.22 0.25 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 40 45 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 72 81 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 23 26 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 580 650 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 390 440 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1030 1170 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 36.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 34.2 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 54 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.8 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.6 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.6 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 4.3 4.9 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 2.4 2.7 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 1.6 1.8 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 46 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.29 0.32 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.18 0.2 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 46 52 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 77 87 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 13 15 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.391 0.441 per kg - Phytate phosphorus 2.3 2.6 g/kg 60 % P C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.2 1.3 g/kg 30 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.8 2 g/kg 45 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1360 1540 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 1310 1470 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 1 1.1 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 1 1.1 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.36 0.4 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.25 0.28 per kg - Absorbable P ruminants 2.5 2.9 g/kg 65 % P DE salmonids (kcal) 2250 2540 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 56.6 % N digestibility salmonids - 83.8 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 4.3 4.8 g/kg 63 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 3.6 4 g/kg 65 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.2 g/kg 77 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.2 g/kg 60 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.1 2.4 g/kg 67 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.3 g/kg 66 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 4 4.5 g/kg 73 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.7 g/kg 70 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 7.3 8.2 g/kg 74 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.1 5.7 g/kg 77 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.5 g/kg 73 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 8.2 9.2 g/kg 75 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2 g/kg 72 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 6.5 7.3 g/kg 82 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.8 g/kg 67 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 9.6 10.8 g/kg 71 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 18.7 21.1 g/kg 79 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 3 3.3 g/kg 59 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 4.4 4.9 g/kg 69 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 4 g/kg 70 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.8 5.4 g/kg 70 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.7 4.1 g/kg 66 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 1.2 g/kg 77 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 1.3 g/kg 66 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.5 g/kg 71 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.2 1.4 g/kg 70 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.6 g/kg 74 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 4.8 g/kg 71 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.1 8 g/kg 73 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.9 5.6 g/kg 74 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.9 3.3 g/kg 69 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.9 8.9 g/kg 72 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 2 g/kg 71 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.9 6.6 g/kg 75 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 5.1 g/kg 71 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 9.3 10.5 g/kg 69 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 17.9 20.1 g/kg 75 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.4 3.8 g/kg 67 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.4 5 g/kg 70 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 3.6 4.1 g/kg 72 % DE growing pig (MJ) 3.3 3.7 MJ/kg - 1 ME growing pig (MJ) 3 3.4 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 2.2 2.5 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 4.5 5.1 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 4.1 4.6 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 2.7 3 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 5.7 6.4 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 5.5 6.2 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 4.8 5.4 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 7.9 8.9 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME rabbit (MJ) 7.6 8.5 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 9.4 10.6 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 358 403 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 275 310 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 22 25 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 49 55 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 0.9 1 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 0.2 0.2 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 48.6 54.8 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 2.23 2.51 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.02 1.15 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 0.96 1.08 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.07 1.21 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.57 0.64 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 47 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 50 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 2.5 2.9 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 119 134 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 6 7 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 2.2 2.5 % - 1 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -