Dry matter 89.8 100 % - 2.4 70.8 -96 388 3.8 Crude protein 20.3 22.6 % - 2.9 12 -30.9 492 3.2 13.5 -32.7 382 Crude fibre 12.4 13.9 % - 1.6 7.2 -19.4 447 1.8 9.2 -20.7 350 Crude fat 1.6 1.8 % - 0.4 0.7 -3.6 546 0.4 0.7 -3.9 540 Ash 5.3 5.9 % - 0.7 3.3 -10 317 0.7 3.7 -8 237 Insoluble ash 1.2 1.3 % - 0.5 0.3 -1.9 10 0.6 0.4 -2.1 9 NDF 40.1 44.6 % - 4.9 30.6 -48.2 53 5.3 35.5 -53.7 47 ADF 14.8 16.5 % - 1.8 10.4 -18 52 2 12.4 -19.9 46 Lignin 2.3 2.6 % - 0.5 0.4 -2.5 73 0.5 0.5 -3 74 Water insoluble cell walls 37.9 42.3 % - 34.9 -41 2 Starch 14.8 16.5 % - 5.6 2.9 -34.6 457 6.3 3.3 -38.4 363 Total sugars 9.9 11 % - 2.9 4.7 -17.1 45 3.2 5.3 -18.8 42 Gross energy (kcal) 3940 4390 kcal/kg - 150 3910 -4380 7 130 4140 -4680 13 Calcium 2 2.3 g/kg - 0.7 0.8 -3.9 97 0.8 0.9 -4.5 94 Phosphorus 5.4 6 g/kg - 1 3.1 -8.5 119 1.1 3.5 -12.2 111 Phytate phosphorus 1.3 1.5 g/kg 25 % P Magnesium 1.5 1.7 g/kg - 0.4 1.4 -2.5 6 0.4 1.5 -2.6 6 Potassium 11.8 13.1 g/kg - 3.6 9.1 -19.4 7 4 10.3 -21.9 7 Sodium 0.25 0.28 g/kg - 0.14 0.06 -0.58 40 0.16 0.07 -0.66 38 Chlorine 3.7 4.1 g/kg - 1.7 2.2 -7.4 6 1.9 2.5 -7.7 6 Sulfur 3.3 3.7 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 2 2 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 210 234 mEq/kg - Manganese 71 80 mg/kg - 19 55 -115 6 22 62 -119 6 Zinc 93 104 mg/kg - 15 72 -125 7 17 80 -130 7 Copper 12 13 mg/kg - 3 9 -17 7 3 10 -18 7 Iron 446 497 mg/kg - 225 122 -748 7 250 134 -824 7 Selenium 0.6 0.7 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - Molybdenum 1 1 mg/kg - Lysine 9.1 10.1 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 1.9 8 -15.3 12 2.1 9.1 -16 11 0.3 4-5.3 12 Threonine 6.9 7.7 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N 0.2 3-3.5 8 Methionine 3.1 3.4 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 0.4 2.8 -4.4 11 0.5 3.1 -4.5 10 0.2 1.1-1.6 11 Cystine 3.4 3.8 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 0.5 2.7 -4.4 10 0.5 3.1 -4.5 9 Methionine + cystine 6.5 7.3 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 0.8 5.6 -8.7 10 0.9 6.3 -9 9 Tryptophan 2.3 2.6 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N 1 1 0.9-1.4 2 Isoleucine 7.3 8.1 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 0.3 3-3.8 7 Valine 9.8 10.9 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 0.3 4.2-5 7 Leucine 14 15.6 g/kg 6.9 g/16g N 2.2 11.2 -17.8 7 2.4 12.5 -20 8 Phenylalanine 9.1 10.1 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 0.8 6.7 -9.7 6 Tyrosine 5.9 6.5 g/kg 2.9 g/16g N 0.9 4.7 -7.3 6 1 5.3 -7.9 7 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 15 16.7 g/kg 7.4 g/16g N 1.7 11.4 -17 6 1.8 12.9 -17.6 7 Histidine 4.4 4.9 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N 0.1 1.8-2.2 7 Arginine 9.4 10.4 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 1.8 8.8 -13.3 6 2 9.9 -14.8 7 0.4 3.6-4.9 7 Alanine 9.3 10.4 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 0.3 4.1-4.7 6 Aspartic acid 13.4 14.9 g/kg 6.6 g/16g N Glutamic acid 38.2 42.5 g/kg 18.8 g/16g N Glycine 7.7 8.6 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 0.2 3.4-3.9 6 Serine 8.1 9 g/kg 4 g/16g N 1.5 7.2 -11.4 6 1.6 8.1 -12.8 7 Proline 17.4 19.4 g/kg 8.6 g/16g N C14:0 myristic acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.3-0.5 2 C16:0 palmitic acid 1.5 1.7 g/kg 21.2 % FA 0.3 1 -1.7 5 0.3 1 -1.9 5 2 19-26.9 13 C18:0 stearic acid 0.08 0.09 g/kg 1.1 % FA 0.5 0.6-2.3 12 C18:1 oleic acid 1 1.1 g/kg 13.4 % FA 2.2 11.4-17.8 12 C18:2 linoleic acid 4.1 4.5 g/kg 55.9 % FA 1.2 53-57.5 12 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.6 0.7 g/kg 8.7 % FA 2.3 4.4-11.6 12 Fatty acids 0.7 0.8 % 45 % fat DE growing pig (kcal) 2380 2650 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (kcal) 2220 2470 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1480 1650 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 2560 2850 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2360 2630 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1570 1750 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 60.3 % OM digestibility growing pig - 63.7 % N digestibility growing pig - 78.2 % 1 Crude fat digestibility pig - 0 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 64.9 % OM digestibility adult pig - 68 % N digestibility adult pig - 83.6 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1820 2020 kcal/kg - 220 1240 -1960 6 240 1370 -2030 6 PDIA INRA 2007 43 48 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 125 140 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 91 101 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2220 2480 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 70.3 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 72.1 % 64.5-79.5 2 N digestibility ruminants - 71.5 % 1 N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 72 % 1 Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 53.3 % Absorbable P ruminants 4.2 4.7 g/kg 78 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 73 % 63-79 4 Immediately degradable N (a) - 50 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 40 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.085 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 95 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 64 % 56-65 4 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 42 % 1 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 48 % 1 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.05 h-1 1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.8 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.8 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.7 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.3 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 65.9 % Energy digestibility horse - 63.6 % Horse Forage Unit 0.71 0.79 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 138 154 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2660 2960 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 2500 2790 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 67.5 % N digestibility rabbit - 63.1 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 5.6 6.2 g/kg 61 % 1 1 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 3.4 3.8 g/kg 49 % 1 1 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 2.3 2.5 g/kg 73 % 1 1 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.1 g/kg 30 % 1 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 3.3 3.7 g/kg 50 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 4.6 5.1 g/kg 63 % 1 1 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 5.8 6.4 g/kg 59 % 1 1 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 8.1 9 g/kg 58 % 1 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.9 5.5 g/kg 54 % 1 1 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.2 g/kg 18 % 1 1 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 6 6.6 g/kg 40 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 2.5 2.8 g/kg 58 % 1 1 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 6.6 7.4 g/kg 71 % 1 1 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.9 5.5 g/kg 53 % 1 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 9.9 11.1 g/kg 74 % 1 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 24.8 27.6 g/kg 65 % 1 1 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 2.8 3.2 g/kg 37 % 1 1 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 3.7 4.1 g/kg 46 % 1 1 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 11.5 12.8 g/kg 66 % 1 1 Gross energy (MJ) 16.5 18.4 MJ/kg - 0.6 16.4 -18.3 7 0.5 17.3 -19.6 13 Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.1 1.3 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.82 0.92 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.78 0.87 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 38 42 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 86 96 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 62 69 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.8 0.89 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.75 0.84 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 43 47 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 90 100 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 57 64 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1410 1570 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1330 1480 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2230 2480 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 70.7 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 69 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 71 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 89 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.7 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.3 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9.2 10.3 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 5.8 6.5 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 5.5 6.1 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 62 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.76 0.85 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.71 0.79 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 50 56 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 96 107 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 48 54 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.255 0.284 per kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.2 % FA 1 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.07 0.07 g/kg 0.9 % FA 1 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.9 2.1 g/kg 35 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 2.8 3.1 g/kg 53 % AMEn broiler (kcal) 1800 2010 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 1.3 1.5 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 1.3 1.5 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.79 0.88 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.73 0.82 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 2260 2520 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 57.4 % N digestibility salmonids - 85 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.7 g/kg 67 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.4 7.2 g/kg 71 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.6 5.2 g/kg 67 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.4 2.7 g/kg 78 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.3 2.5 g/kg 66 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.7 5.2 g/kg 72 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 1.8 g/kg 71 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.4 6 g/kg 74 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.1 7.9 g/kg 72 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.2 11.4 g/kg 73 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.8 7.6 g/kg 75 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.5 g/kg 70 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.9 12.1 g/kg 73 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.1 3.5 g/kg 71 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 7 7.8 g/kg 75 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.7 7.5 g/kg 72 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 9.3 10.3 g/kg 69 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 29 32.3 g/kg 76 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.2 5.8 g/kg 67 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.7 6.4 g/kg 71 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 12.7 14.1 g/kg 73 % DE growing pig (MJ) 9.9 11.1 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (MJ) 9.3 10.3 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 6.2 6.9 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 10.7 11.9 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 9.9 11 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 6.6 7.3 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 7.6 8.5 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 7.5 8.4 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 9.3 10.4 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 11.1 12.4 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 10.5 11.7 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 9.5 10.5 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 787 877 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 803 895 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 74 83 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 64 71 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.9 4.4 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.4 1.5 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 62.2 69.3 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 2.89 3.21 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.43 1.59 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.34 1.5 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.55 1.72 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.99 1.11 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 25 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 29 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 5.6 6.2 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 150 167 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 9 9 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 14.4 16 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -