Dry matter 86.9 100 % - 1.6 83.6 -93.1 100 2.6 Crude protein 4.7 5.4 % - 0.9 2.6 -6.8 107 1 1.6 -7.9 99 Crude fibre 16.2 18.6 % - 1.7 12.8 -19.6 95 2 14.2 -22.7 83 Crude fat 0.4 0.4 % - 0.3 0.1 -1.1 8 0.3 0.2 -1.3 9 Ash 3 3.5 % - 1.3 2 -11.1 82 1.5 2.2 -12.1 76 Insoluble ash 0.08 0.09 % - 0.07 -0.08 2 1 NDF 24.7 28.4 % - 3.4 20.1 -29.5 4 3.9 23.3 -35.4 8 ADF 18.2 20.9 % - 2.8 13.8 -20.7 4 3.2 16 -25.2 8 Lignin 5.1 5.9 % - 2.8 0.5 -8.5 7 3.2 0.6 -10 11 Starch 38.5 44.3 % - 6.5 22.1 -51 61 7.4 25.5 -58.6 56 Total sugars 1.6 1.8 % - 2 0.3 -6.3 8 2.3 0.3 -7.3 8 Gross energy (kcal) 3660 4210 kcal/kg - 1 Calcium 3.5 4 g/kg - 0.7 2.7 -5.3 7 0.8 3 -5.3 6 Phosphorus 1.3 1.4 g/kg - 0.8 0.5 -3 9 0.9 0.6 -3.5 8 Phytate phosphorus 0.1 0.1 g/kg 10 % P Magnesium 1.4 1.6 g/kg - Potassium 7.4 8.6 g/kg - 1 1 Sodium 1.3 1.5 g/kg - 1 1 Chlorine 0.5 0.6 g/kg - 1 Sulfur 1 1.2 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 171 197 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 234 269 mEq/kg - Manganese 43 50 mg/kg - Zinc 40 46 mg/kg - Copper 7 8 mg/kg - Iron 688 791 mg/kg - Lysine 0.6 0.7 g/kg 1.2 g/16g N 1 1 Threonine 0.6 0.7 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N 1 1 Methionine 0.2 0.3 g/kg 0.5 g/16g N 1 1 Cystine 0.6 0.7 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N Methionine + cystine 0.8 1 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N Tryptophan 0.1 0.2 g/kg 0.3 g/16g N Isoleucine 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.5 g/16g N 1 1 Valine 1.2 1.4 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N Leucine 2 2.3 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1 1 Phenylalanine 0.4 0.5 g/kg 0.9 g/16g N 1 1 Tyrosine 1.1 1.2 g/kg 2.3 g/16g N 1 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 1.5 1.7 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 1 1 Histidine 0.5 0.5 g/kg 1 g/16g N 1 1 Arginine 0.8 1 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 1 1 Alanine 0.9 1.1 g/kg 2 g/16g N 1 1 Aspartic acid 9.1 10.5 g/kg 19.5 g/16g N 1 1 Glutamic acid 9.2 10.6 g/kg 19.8 g/16g N 1 1 Glycine 0.5 0.6 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N 1 1 Serine 0.8 0.9 g/kg 1.6 g/16g N 1 1 Proline 0.3 0.3 g/kg 0.6 g/16g N 1 1 C14:0 myristic acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.3-0.3 4 C16:0 palmitic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 18 % FA 1.1 15.6-20.3 27 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.02 0.03 g/kg 1.2 % FA 0.8 0.3-4 27 C18:0 stearic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 5.3 % FA 0.6 3.9-6.6 27 C18:1 oleic acid 0.04 0.04 g/kg 1.9 % FA 0.8 0.9-4.8 27 C18:2 linoleic acid 1.2 1.3 g/kg 55.5 % FA 3.7 49.2-60.7 27 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 17.4 % FA 2.5 13.4-24 27 C20:0 arachidic acid 0.05 0.05 g/kg 2.2 % FA 2-2.3 4 C22:0 behenic acid 0.01 0.02 g/kg 0.7 % FA 0.5-0.7 4 Fatty acids 0.2 0.2 % 55 % fat 9 42-77 22 DE growing pig (kcal) 2660 3060 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 2570 2960 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1860 2140 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 2810 3230 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2670 3070 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1940 2230 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 72.7 % OM digestibility growing pig - 76.3 % N digestibility growing pig - 57.2 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 0 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 76.6 % OM digestibility adult pig - 79.7 % N digestibility adult pig - 75.4 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1820 2100 kcal/kg - 1 1 PDIA INRA 2007 14 16 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 30 35 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 58 67 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2130 2450 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 69.8 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 73.3 % N digestibility ruminants - 41.1 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 75 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 0 % N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 65 % Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 79 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 65 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.7 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.8 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.3 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.3 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.4 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 71 % Energy digestibility horse - 68.4 % Horse Forage Unit 0.83 0.95 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 6 6 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2350 2700 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 2300 2650 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 64.1 % N digestibility rabbit - 61.2 % Gross energy (MJ) 15.3 17.6 MJ/kg - 1 Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.9 2.2 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 49 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.79 0.91 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.76 0.87 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 11 13 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 59 68 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -55 -63 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.78 0.89 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.74 0.85 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 12 14 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 58 67 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -54 -62 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1360 1570 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1300 1490 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2140 2460 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 72 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 68.4 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 65 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 81 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.8 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.2 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.9 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.9 9.1 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 4.9 5.7 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 4.5 5.2 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 62 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.74 0.85 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.7 0.8 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 14 17 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 59 68 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -55 -63 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.236 0.271 per kg - Water insoluble cell walls 23.9 27.5 % - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.1-0.3 4 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1.1-1.5 4 Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.8 0.9 g/kg 60 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.1 1.3 g/kg 90 % AMEn broiler (kcal) 1820 2090 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 0.3 0.4 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.3 0.4 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.76 0.88 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.72 0.82 per kg - Absorbable P ruminants 0.9 1 g/kg 70 % P DE salmonids (kcal) 1720 1980 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 46.9 % N digestibility salmonids - 70.8 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 0.5 g/kg 74 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 0.5 g/kg 74 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 0.2 0.2 g/kg 82 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 0.5 g/kg 71 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 0.7 g/kg 74 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.1 0.1 g/kg 75 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 0.2 0.2 g/kg 79 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.1 g/kg 77 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 1.6 1.9 g/kg 81 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 0.3 0.4 g/kg 82 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 0.9 1 g/kg 80 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.2 1.4 g/kg 81 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 0.4 g/kg 80 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 0.8 g/kg 87 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 0.8 g/kg 75 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 7.1 8.1 g/kg 78 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 7.8 8.9 g/kg 84 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 0.4 g/kg 71 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 0.7 g/kg 77 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 0.2 0.2 g/kg 78 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 0.5 g/kg 77 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 0.5 g/kg 73 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.2 0.2 g/kg 82 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 0.5 g/kg 70 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 0.7 g/kg 73 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.1 0.1 g/kg 76 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.2 0.2 g/kg 78 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.1 g/kg 77 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 1.8 g/kg 79 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.3 0.4 g/kg 80 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 1 g/kg 76 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 1.3 g/kg 77 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.3 0.4 g/kg 76 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 0.8 g/kg 80 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 0.8 g/kg 77 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 6.7 7.7 g/kg 74 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 7.5 8.6 g/kg 81 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 0.4 g/kg 73 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 0.7 g/kg 76 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 0.2 0.2 g/kg 78 % DE growing pig (MJ) 11.1 12.8 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 10.8 12.4 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 7.8 9 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 11.7 13.5 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 11.2 12.8 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 8.1 9.3 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 7.6 8.8 MJ/kg - 1 1 AMEn broiler (MJ) 7.6 8.8 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 8.9 10.3 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 9.8 11.3 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 9.6 11.1 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 7.2 8.3 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 761 875 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 784 902 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 47 54 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -51 -59 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.3 3.8 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.2 1.3 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 62.1 71.5 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 2.66 3.06 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.3 1.49 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.22 1.4 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.41 1.62 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.88 1.01 Mcal/kg - EN Lactation ruminants GfE 5.4 6.2 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 102 117 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -9 -10 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 29.5 33.9 % - 1 4.6 25.3 -36.3 5 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -