Dry matter 67 100 % - 4.5 48.6 -79 413 9.5 Crude protein 6.2 9.2 % - 0.8 3.7 -9.4 220 1.1 6.3 -11.9 226 Crude fibre 1.8 2.6 % - 0.6 0.9 -5.9 162 0.8 1.4 -8.8 190 Crude fat 2.6 3.9 % - 0.6 0.4 -4.1 153 0.8 0.5 -5.8 181 Ash 1 1.6 % - 0.2 0.6 -1.9 223 0.3 1 -4.2 251 NDF 8.3 12.4 % - 11.8 -17.6 4 ADF 2.1 3.1 % - 1.9 -2.4 3 2.7 -4.8 4 Lignin 0.4 0.6 % - 0.2 0.06 -0.7 14 0.3 0.1 -1 14 Water insoluble cell walls 6.5 9.6 % - Starch 49.4 73.7 % - 4 35.9 -58.9 326 3.4 60.7 -79.8 358 Total sugars 1.3 2 % - 0.3 0.2 -1.4 12 Gross energy (kcal) 2970 4440 kcal/kg - 210 2680 -3220 7 Calcium 0.4 0.5 g/kg - 0.6 0.02 -2.3 14 0.9 0.03 -3.5 14 Phosphorus 2.1 3.1 g/kg - 0.7 1.2 -3.7 15 1 1.9 -5.8 15 Phytate phosphorus 1.6 2.3 g/kg 75 % P Magnesium 0.8 1.2 g/kg - 1 1 Potassium 2.5 3.8 g/kg - Sodium 0.03 0.04 g/kg - Chlorine 0.4 0.6 g/kg - Sulfur 0.8 1.3 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 2 3 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 55 82 mEq/kg - Manganese 7 10 mg/kg - Zinc 16 24 mg/kg - 1 1 Copper 2 3 mg/kg - Iron 27 40 mg/kg - Selenium 0.08 0.1 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.04 0.05 mg/kg - Molybdenum 0.3 0.5 mg/kg - Iodine 0.07 0.1 mg/kg - Lysine 1.9 2.8 g/kg 3 g/16g N 0.2 1 -2.1 76 1 Threonine 2.3 3.4 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 2.2 -2.7 2 3.3 -3.7 2 Methionine 1.3 1.9 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N 1.1 -1.4 2 1.7 -2 2 Cystine 1.5 2.3 g/kg 2.5 g/16g N 1 1 1 Methionine + cystine 2.8 4.2 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 1 1 1 Tryptophan 0.4 0.6 g/kg 0.7 g/16g N Isoleucine 2.3 3.4 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N Valine 3.1 4.6 g/kg 5 g/16g N Leucine 7.6 11.4 g/kg 12.4 g/16g N Phenylalanine 3 4.5 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 1 1 1 Tyrosine 2.6 3.9 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 1 1 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 5.6 8.4 g/kg 9.1 g/16g N 1 1 1 Histidine 1.8 2.7 g/kg 2.9 g/16g N 1 1 1 Arginine 2.9 4.4 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 1 1 1 Alanine 4.6 6.9 g/kg 7.5 g/16g N 1 1 1 Aspartic acid 4 6 g/kg 6.5 g/16g N 1 1 1 Glutamic acid 11.5 17.2 g/kg 18.7 g/16g N 1 1 1 Glycine 2.3 3.5 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 1 1 1 Serine 3.1 4.6 g/kg 5 g/16g N 1 1 1 Proline 5.7 8.5 g/kg 9.2 g/16g N 1 1 1 C14:0 myristic acid 0.03 0.05 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.1 0.1-0.4 18 C16:0 palmitic acid 2.4 3.5 g/kg 10.5 % FA 0.8 8.6-13.6 202 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C18:0 stearic acid 0.4 0.6 g/kg 1.8 % FA 0.2 1.3-2.7 201 C18:1 oleic acid 5.9 8.8 g/kg 26.1 % FA 3 20-35.4 202 C18:2 linoleic acid 13.4 20 g/kg 59.5 % FA 3.4 49.4-67.6 208 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.3 0.4 g/kg 1.3 % FA 0.3 0.3-1.9 202 Fatty acids 2.3 3.4 % 86 % fat 4 81-91 5 DE growing pig (kcal) 2600 3890 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 2540 3790 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2030 3040 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 2710 4050 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2630 3930 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2090 3120 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 87.7 % OM digestibility growing pig - 90.3 % N digestibility growing pig - 80.5 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 57.8 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 91.3 % OM digestibility adult pig - 93.5 % N digestibility adult pig - 90.9 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.6 0.9 g/kg 28 % 17-37 4 AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2440 3650 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 2390 3570 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 16 24 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 41 62 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 47 71 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2220 3310 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 88.5 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 91 % N digestibility ruminants - 68.6 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 90 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 73 % Absorbable P ruminants 1.6 2.3 g/kg 75 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 74 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 55 % Potentially degradable N (b) - 41 % Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.05 h-1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 60 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 74 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 57 % Potentially degradable DM (b) - 44 % Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.038 h-1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.5 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.7 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 9.4 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 89.7 % Energy digestibility horse - 86.2 % Horse Forage Unit 0.86 1.29 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 43 64 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2480 3700 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 2410 3600 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 83.3 % N digestibility rabbit - 71.2 % Gross energy (MJ) 12.4 18.6 MJ/kg - 0.9 11.2 -13.5 7 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.2 0.3 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 79 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.87 1.3 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.9 1.34 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 14 21 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 53 79 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -24 -36 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.86 1.28 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.88 1.32 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 16 24 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 53 80 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -24 -36 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1510 2260 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1550 2320 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2220 3320 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 89.7 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 87.1 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 71 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 68 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.5 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 9.5 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.2 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9 13.5 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.1 9.1 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.2 9.3 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 71 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.83 1.24 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.85 1.27 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 19 29 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 54 81 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -24 -35 g/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex field Phosphorus consumption 2.43 3.63 g P/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex field Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 2.62 3.91 MJ/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex field Climate change (ILCD) 316 472 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex field Acidification (ILCD) 0.0108 0.0162 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex field Eutrophication (CML baseline) 47.71 71.23 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex field Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0001 0.0002 m²yr/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.133 0.199 per kg - Insoluble ash 0.04 0.06 % - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.1 0.2 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.2 0.1-1.2 186 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 86 % 4.7 71.6-91.5 17 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.9 1.3 g/kg 42 % Available P cockerel 0.5 0.7 g/kg 24 % P Available P broiler 0.5 0.7 g/kg 24 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.84 1.26 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.86 1.28 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 1510 2260 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 51 % N digestibility salmonids - 78.5 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 2.2 g/kg 80 % 7 64-87 20 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2.8 g/kg 83 % 7 60-91 20 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.2 1.8 g/kg 91 % 5 73-96 19 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 2 g/kg 88 % 6 73-94 16 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.5 3.8 g/kg 90 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.3 0.5 g/kg 80 % 7 76-99 10 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 2 3 g/kg 88 % 5 75-93 20 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 2.7 4 g/kg 87 % 5 74-94 20 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 7.1 10.6 g/kg 93 % 5 80-96 20 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 2.7 4.1 g/kg 91 % 4 80-95 19 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 2.3 3.5 g/kg 90 % 5 79-94 17 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 5.1 7.6 g/kg 91 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1.6 2.4 g/kg 89 % 5 75-94 19 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 3.9 g/kg 91 % 4 78-95 20 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.1 6.1 g/kg 89 % 4 79-95 18 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 5.2 g/kg 87 % 6 72-94 18 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 10.7 15.9 g/kg 93 % 3 84-96 18 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2.9 g/kg 82 % 9 58-93 16 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 2.7 4.1 g/kg 89 % 5 74-96 18 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 5 7.5 g/kg 89 % 5 79-97 9 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 2.5 g/kg 90 % 6 71-99 16 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2.8 g/kg 83 % 7 69-93 16 Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.2 1.8 g/kg 94 % 3 88-100 16 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 2 g/kg 86 % 6 75-94 16 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 3.8 g/kg 90 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.3 0.5 g/kg 85 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 3.2 g/kg 93 % 5 79-100 16 Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.8 4.2 g/kg 90 % 5 76-99 16 Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.2 10.7 g/kg 94 % 3 86-97 16 Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.8 4.2 g/kg 93 % 5 83-100 16 Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.3 3.4 g/kg 88 % 4 82-95 12 Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.1 7.6 g/kg 91 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 2.4 g/kg 90 % 3 86-97 16 Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.7 4 g/kg 93 % 3 86-96 16 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 6.4 g/kg 93 % 3 85-97 15 Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 3.6 5.3 g/kg 89 % 6 78-97 15 Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 11 16.4 g/kg 95 % 3 90-100 15 Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 2 3 g/kg 86 % 5 77-90 9 Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.8 4.2 g/kg 91 % 6 79-100 16 Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 5.2 7.7 g/kg 91 % 3 84-96 13 DE growing pig (MJ) 10.9 16.3 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 10.6 15.9 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 8.5 12.7 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 11.4 16.9 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 11 16.4 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 8.8 13.1 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 10.2 15.3 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 10 15 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 9.3 13.9 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 10.4 15.5 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 10.1 15.1 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 6.3 9.5 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 842 1257 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 937 1399 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 47 71 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -12 -19 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3 4.5 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.2 1.8 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 59.5 88.9 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 2.58 3.85 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.35 2.01 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.27 1.9 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.45 2.16 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.99 1.48 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 25 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 28 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6 8.9 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 111 165 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -8 -12 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 45.9 68.6 % - 1 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -