Dry matter 88.1 100 % - 5.7 77.1 -94.6 383 5.5 Crude protein 33.5 38 % - 3.3 24.8 -46.1 324 3.6 23.8 -51.1 329 Crude fibre 11.6 13.2 % - 1.8 7.1 -18.2 259 2 8.2 -21.4 247 Crude fat 8.5 9.6 % - 1.7 3.7 -11.9 176 1.9 2.2 -14.3 147 Ash 3.5 4 % - 0.4 2.2 -6.2 250 0.5 2.4 -6.8 250 Insoluble ash 0.06 0.07 % - 0.2 0.01 -0.6 6 0.2 0.01 -0.7 6 NDF 18.9 21.5 % - 18 -19.9 4 ADF 14.1 16 % - 13.5 -17.8 4 14.6 -18.6 4 Lignin 0.9 1 % - 1 1 Water insoluble cell walls 29.9 33.9 % - Starch 6.2 7 % - 2.8 0 -14.6 127 3.1 0 -14 111 Total sugars 6 6.8 % - 1.1 3.6 -8.3 23 1.2 4.1 -10.4 25 Gross energy (kcal) 4460 5060 kcal/kg - 1 1 Calcium 2.7 3 g/kg - Phosphorus 3.8 4.4 g/kg - Phytate phosphorus 2.3 2.6 g/kg 60 % P 1 1 1 Magnesium 1.4 1.6 g/kg - 0.2 1.2 -1.8 16 0.2 1.3 -2 15 Potassium 9.8 11.1 g/kg - 1.6 7.7 -12.7 17 1.8 8.4 -14.9 16 Sodium 0.3 0.34 g/kg - 0.14 0.13 -0.55 13 0.16 0.16 -0.6 12 Chlorine 0.5 0.5 g/kg - 0.4 -0.5 3 0.5 -0.5 3 Sulfur 2.5 2.8 g/kg - 2.3 -2.5 2 Dietary cation-anion difference 97 110 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 251 285 mEq/kg - Manganese 1154 1309 mg/kg - 1074 17 -3750 13 1218 19 -4135 12 Zinc 33 38 mg/kg - 6 23 -43 8 7 26 -48 7 Copper 6 6 mg/kg - 0.7 5 -12 7 Iron 63 72 mg/kg - 29 32 -115 11 33 34 -126 10 Selenium 0.07 0.09 mg/kg - 0.07 -0.1 2 0.08 -0.1 2 Cobalt 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 1 1 Molybdenum 1 1 mg/kg - 1 1 Lysine 16.3 18.5 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 1 1 Threonine 12.4 14.1 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 1 1 Methionine 2.6 3 g/kg 0.8 g/16g N 1 1 Cystine 5.5 6.3 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 1 1 Methionine + cystine 8.1 9.2 g/kg 2.4 g/16g N 1 1 Tryptophan 2.3 2.6 g/kg 0.7 g/16g N Isoleucine 15.5 17.6 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 1 1 Valine 14.4 16.4 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1 1 Leucine 24.3 27.6 g/kg 7.3 g/16g N 1 1 Phenylalanine 13 14.8 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 1 1 Tyrosine 15.6 17.7 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 1 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 28.6 32.5 g/kg 8.6 g/16g N 1 1 Histidine 7.3 8.3 g/kg 2.2 g/16g N 1 1 Arginine 36 40.9 g/kg 10.8 g/16g N 1 1 Alanine 11.3 12.8 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N 1 1 Aspartic acid 35.6 40.4 g/kg 10.6 g/16g N 1 1 Glutamic acid 69.4 78.7 g/kg 20.7 g/16g N 1 1 Glycine 13.3 15 g/kg 4 g/16g N 1 1 Serine 17.9 20.3 g/kg 5.3 g/16g N 1 1 Proline 14.1 16 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 1 1 C14:0 myristic acid 0.08 0.09 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.08 0-0.2 14 C16:0 palmitic acid 5.6 6.4 g/kg 7.4 % FA 0.6 5.3 -6.8 5 0.7 6 -7.5 5 1.2 5.5-9.3 19 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.2 0-1 32 C18:0 stearic acid 1.5 1.8 g/kg 2 % FA 0.6 0.5 -1.8 5 0.7 0.6 -2 5 0.6 0.6-3.6 37 C18:1 oleic acid 37.5 42.5 g/kg 49.1 % FA 4.5 40.8-58.8 37 C18:2 linoleic acid 11.2 12.7 g/kg 14.7 % FA 4.3 7.8-22.6 37 C18:3 linolenic acid 6.3 7.2 g/kg 8.3 % FA 1.2 6.2 -9.2 5 1.3 7 -10 5 1.8 5.3-11.4 37 C20:0 arachidic acid 1 1.1 g/kg 1.3 % FA 0.3 0.6-2 32 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 3.7 4.2 g/kg 4.8 % FA 3.6 -4.5 4 4 -5 4 1.3 2.2-6.9 36 C22:0 behenic acid 3.4 3.9 g/kg 4.5 % FA 1.4 1.7-7.2 32 C22:1 erucic acid 1.5 1.7 g/kg 1.9 % FA 0.9 -1.8 4 1 -2 4 0.9 0.6-4.8 36 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.5 0.5 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.6 0-1.6 14 Fatty acids 7.6 8.7 % 90 % fat Vitamin E 7.4 8.4 mg/kg - Biotin 0.05 0.06 mg/kg - Phytase activity 140 160 IU/kg - 1 1 PDIA INRA 2007 87 99 g/kg - 61 -182 3 64 -190 3 PDIN INRA 2007 226 257 g/kg - 246 -295 3 PDIE INRA 2007 142 161 g/kg - 128 -237 3 134 -247 3 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 3130 3550 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 90.9 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 89.9 % N digestibility ruminants - 79.9 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 93.7 % 91.2-95.1 3 Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 76.8 % Absorbable P ruminants 2.8 3.2 g/kg 73 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 75 % 68-84 4 Immediately degradable N (a) - 37 % 27-57 3 Potentially degradable N (b) - 61 % 43-72 3 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.096 h-1 0.083-0.104 3 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 73 % 60-80 3 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 40 % 33-49 3 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 57 % 48-64 3 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.079 h-1 0.035-0.102 3 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.5 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.4 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.2 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.5 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.3 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 83.2 % Energy digestibility horse - 80 % Horse Forage Unit 0.96 1.09 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 259 293 g/kg - Gross energy (MJ) 18.7 21.2 MJ/kg - 1 1 Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.5 1.7 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 88 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.29 1.46 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.32 1.5 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 67 76 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 120 136 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 168 191 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.26 1.43 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.29 1.47 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 80 91 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 132 149 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 156 177 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2220 2520 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2280 2580 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3290 3730 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 88.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 89.5 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 74 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.4 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.3 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.3 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.2 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.6 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 13.7 15.6 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9.3 10.5 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9.5 10.8 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 72 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.22 1.38 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.23 1.4 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 100 113 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 150 170 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 138 156 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.184 0.208 per kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.01 % FA 0.04 0-0.1 7 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0 -0 4 0 -0 4 0-0 4 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA DE growing pig (kcal) 3640 4130 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 3390 3850 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2230 2530 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3840 4360 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3540 4020 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2360 2680 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 81.5 % OM digestibility growing pig - 83.1 % N digestibility growing pig - 83.2 % N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 82 % 1 Crude fat digestibility pig - 70.3 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 86.1 % OM digestibility adult pig - 87.9 % N digestibility adult pig - 86.9 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.9 2.2 g/kg 50 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 2.9 3.3 g/kg 75 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2390 2710 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 2330 2650 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 0.9 1 g/kg 24 % P Available P broiler 0.9 1 g/kg 24 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.17 1.33 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.17 1.33 per kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3170 3600 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 2790 3160 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 71.1 % N digestibility rabbit - 96 % DE salmonids (kcal) 3430 3900 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 77 % N digestibility salmonids - 96 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 13.4 15.2 g/kg 82 % 1 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 9.7 11 g/kg 78 % 1 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 2 2.3 g/kg 76 % 1 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.7 g/kg 76 % 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 6.2 7 g/kg 76 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2.1 g/kg 78 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 13.4 15.2 g/kg 87 % 1 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 10.7 12.1 g/kg 74 % 1 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 20.8 23.6 g/kg 86 % 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 11.2 12.7 g/kg 86 % 1 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 13.9 15.8 g/kg 89 % 1 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 25.1 28.5 g/kg 88 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 6.2 7.1 g/kg 86 % 1 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 33.3 37.8 g/kg 93 % 1 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 8.3 9.4 g/kg 73 % 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 30.5 34.6 g/kg 86 % 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 62.3 70.7 g/kg 90 % 1 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 9.7 11.1 g/kg 74 % 1 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 14.9 16.9 g/kg 83 % 1 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 11.9 13.5 g/kg 84 % 1 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.2 16.1 g/kg 87 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.1 11.4 g/kg 81 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.4 g/kg 82 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 5.1 g/kg 81 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.6 7.5 g/kg 81 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2.2 g/kg 82 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 13 14.8 g/kg 84 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.8 13.4 g/kg 82 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 20.7 23.4 g/kg 85 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.1 12.6 g/kg 85 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.9 14.7 g/kg 83 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 24 27.2 g/kg 84 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.9 6.7 g/kg 81 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 32.4 36.8 g/kg 90 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.4 10.7 g/kg 83 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 29.2 33.1 g/kg 82 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 61.7 70.1 g/kg 89 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.7 12.2 g/kg 81 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.7 16.6 g/kg 82 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 11.1 12.7 g/kg 79 % DE growing pig (MJ) 15.2 17.3 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 14.2 16.1 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 9.3 10.6 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 16.1 18.2 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 14.8 16.8 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 9.9 11.2 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 10 11.4 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 9.8 11.1 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 13.1 14.9 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 13.3 15.1 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 11.7 13.2 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 14.4 16.3 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1170 1328 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1279 1452 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 136 155 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 154 175 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 5.1 5.7 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.5 1.7 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 79.5 90.2 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.79 4.3 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.08 2.36 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.97 2.23 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.17 2.46 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.53 1.73 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 23 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 28 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 8.3 9.4 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 220 250 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 18 21 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0.6 0.7 % - 1 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -