Dry matter
87.2
100
%
-
2.2
86.6 -94.8
27
Crude protein
20.3
23.3
%
-
1.3
18.6 -25.4
22
1.4
21.2 -27.3
25
Crude fibre
5.6
6.4
%
-
0.5
4.6 -6
19
0.5
4.9 -6.7
20
Crude fat
1.2
1.4
%
-
0.3
0.6 -1.6
19
0.3
0.7 -1.9
20
Ash
3.1
3.5
%
-
0.3
3 -3.8
20
0.3
3.3 -4.3
22
Insoluble ash
0.06
0.07
%
-
NDF
12.7
14.6
%
-
ADF
6.4
7.3
%
-
Lignin
0.4
0.5
%
-
0.2 -0.4
2
0.2 -0.5
2
Water insoluble cell walls
13.1
15
%
-
Starch
44.7
51.3
%
-
2.1
40.5 -52
23
2
48 -56.2
21
Total sugars
4.2
4.8
%
-
1
1
Gross energy (kcal)
3810
4370
kcal/kg
-
Calcium
1
1.2
g/kg
-
Phosphorus
3.8
4.4
g/kg
-
Phytate phosphorus
1.7
2
g/kg
45
% P
0.9
0.9 -4.1
33
1
0.8 -4.8
47
12
20-69
35
Magnesium
1.1
1.3
g/kg
-
Potassium
9.9
11.4
g/kg
-
Sodium
0.04
0.04
g/kg
-
Chlorine
1
1.1
g/kg
-
Sulfur
1.9
2.2
g/kg
-
Dietary cation-anion difference
110
126
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
227
261
mEq/kg
-
Manganese
13
15
mg/kg
-
Zinc
34
39
mg/kg
-
Copper
7
8
mg/kg
-
Iron
94
108
mg/kg
-
Selenium
0.01
0.01
mg/kg
-
0.01 -0.01
2
0.01 -0.01
2
Cobalt
0.09
0.1
mg/kg
-
0.08 -0.09
4
0.1 -0.1
4
Molybdenum
2
2
mg/kg
-
Iodine
0.3
0.3
mg/kg
-
0.2
0.09 -0.5
5
0.2
0.1 -0.6
5
Lysine
14.8
17
g/kg
7.3
g/16g N
14.7 -16
2
16.7 -18
2
Threonine
7.8
8.9
g/kg
3.8
g/16g N
7.7 -8.5
2
8.8 -9.5
2
Methionine
2
2.3
g/kg
1
g/16g N
2 -2.3
2
2.2 -2.6
2
0.8-1.1
2
Cystine
2.8
3.2
g/kg
1.4
g/16g N
Methionine + cystine
4.8
5.4
g/kg
2.3
g/16g N
2.3-2.5
2
Tryptophan
1.8
2
g/kg
0.9
g/16g N
2 -2.3
2
0.8-1
2
Isoleucine
8.5
9.8
g/kg
4.2
g/16g N
8.5 -9.3
2
9.6 -10.4
2
Valine
9.6
11
g/kg
4.7
g/16g N
9.2 -11.1
2
10.5 -12.4
2
Leucine
14.5
16.6
g/kg
7.1
g/16g N
14.4 -16
2
16.4 -18
2
Phenylalanine
9.6
11
g/kg
4.7
g/16g N
4.2-4.8
2
Tyrosine
6.3
7.3
g/kg
3.1
g/16g N
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
15.9
18.3
g/kg
7.8
g/16g N
Histidine
5.1
5.9
g/kg
2.5
g/16g N
2.4-2.9
2
Arginine
17.3
19.9
g/kg
8.5
g/16g N
Alanine
9
10.3
g/kg
4.4
g/16g N
4.1-4.6
2
Aspartic acid
23.7
27.2
g/kg
11.7
g/16g N
22.7 -27.2
2
25.8 -30.6
2
Glutamic acid
33.2
38.1
g/kg
16.3
g/16g N
16.3-16.8
2
Glycine
9
10.3
g/kg
4.4
g/16g N
4.2-5
2
Serine
9.5
10.9
g/kg
4.7
g/16g N
4.6-4.9
2
Proline
8.5
9.7
g/kg
4.2
g/16g N
1
1
1
C14:0 myristic acid
0.04
0.04
g/kg
0.4
% FA
0.1
0.3-0.6
6
C16:0 palmitic acid
1.4
1.6
g/kg
14.3
% FA
0.3
0.8 -2.4
29
0.4
0.9 -2.7
25
2.3
9.9-28.5
90
C18:0 stearic acid
0.4
0.4
g/kg
3.8
% FA
0.09
0.2 -0.7
30
0.1
0.2 -0.7
26
3.4
1.2-26.4
90
C18:1 oleic acid
2.5
2.8
g/kg
24.8
% FA
0.7
2 -5.5
28
0.8
2.6 -6.3
25
4.9
12.8-36.3
88
C18:2 linoleic acid
4.7
5.4
g/kg
47.3
% FA
0.8
4.1 -8
29
0.9
4.7 -8.3
27
5.9
20.9-60.9
89
C18:3 linolenic acid
0.9
1
g/kg
8.8
% FA
0.2
0.7 -1.6
23
0.2
0.9 -1.9
19
2
5.4-13.9
84
C20:0 arachidic acid
0.2
0.2
g/kg
1.6
% FA
0.7-3.3
3
Fatty acids
1
1.1
%
82
% fat
4
78-89
5
Vitamin A
0.4
0.5
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin E
4.2
4.8
mg/kg
-
Vitamin K
0.3
0.3
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B1 thiamin
4.5
5.2
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B2 riboflavin
1.8
2.1
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine
4.1
4.7
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B12
0
0
µg/kg
-
Niacin
25
28.6
mg/kg
-
Pantothenic acid
14.3
16.4
mg/kg
-
Folic acid
0.8
1
mg/kg
-
Biotin
0.2
0.2
mg/kg
-
Vitamin C
15.7
18
mg/kg
-
Choline
598
685
mg/kg
-
PDIA INRA 2007
71
82
g/kg
-
PDIN INRA 2007
147
169
g/kg
-
PDIE INRA 2007
122
140
g/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
2720
3120
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
88.1
%
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
89.9
%
N digestibility ruminants
-
77.1
%
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
100
%
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
60.9
%
Absorbable P ruminants
2.8
3.2
g/kg
73
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
68
%
65-71
3
Immediately degradable N (a)
-
15
%
13-18
3
Potentially degradable N (b)
-
74
%
71-75
3
Degradation rate of particles N (c)
-
0.163
h-1
0.15-0.18
3
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
87
%
Immediately degradable starch (a)
-
70
%
Potentially degradable starch (b)
-
30
%
Degradation rate of particles starch (c)
-
0.074
h-1
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
82
%
80-84
3
Immediately degradable DM (a)
-
48
%
37-54
3
Potentially degradable DM (b)
-
46
%
41-53
3
Degradation rate of particles DM (c)
-
0.177
h-1
0.14-0.25
3
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
7.7
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.9
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
1.5
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.2
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.5
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
8.2
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.2
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.7
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
85.6
%
Energy digestibility horse
-
82.2
%
Horse Forage Unit
0.93
1.07
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
157
180
g/kg
-
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
13.7
15.7
g/kg
93
%
92-93
2
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
7
8
g/kg
90
%
89-90
2
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
1.7
2
g/kg
86
%
84-88
2
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
2.4
2.8
g/kg
88
%
87-89
2
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
4.1
4.7
g/kg
87
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
1.6
1.8
g/kg
89
%
1
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
7.8
8.9
g/kg
91
%
91-92
2
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
8.5
9.8
g/kg
89
%
87-90
2
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
13.4
15.4
g/kg
92
%
92-92
2
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
9
10.3
g/kg
93
%
93-94
2
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
6
6.8
g/kg
94
%
94-94
2
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
14.9
17.1
g/kg
94
%
94-94
2
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
4.8
5.5
g/kg
94
%
93-94
2
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
16.3
18.7
g/kg
94
%
93-95
2
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
7.8
9
g/kg
87
%
86-89
2
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
21.6
24.8
g/kg
91
%
91-92
2
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
31.3
35.9
g/kg
94
%
94-95
2
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
8.1
9.2
g/kg
89
%
87-92
2
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
8.7
10
g/kg
91
%
91-92
2
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
7.8
9
g/kg
92
%
1
Gross energy (MJ)
16
18.3
MJ/kg
-
Absorbable Ca ruminants
0.6
0.6
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
88
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
1.07
1.23
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
1.09
1.25
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
54
62
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
106
122
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
55
63
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
1.05
1.21
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
1.07
1.23
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
61
70
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
112
128
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
51
58
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1850
2120
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1890
2160
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2750
3160
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
88.6
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
86.7
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
70
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
82
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
7.8
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.9
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
1.5
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.9
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.4
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
8.3
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.1
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.3
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.9
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
11.8
13.5
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
8
9.2
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
8.2
9.4
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
80
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
1.02
1.17
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
1.03
1.18
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
72
83
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
121
139
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
42
49
g/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.118
0.135
per kg
-
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C12:0 lauric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0.02
0.02
g/kg
0.2
% FA
1
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0.05
0.06
g/kg
0.6
% FA
0.5-0.6
2
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:0 behenic acid
0.03
0.03
g/kg
0.3
% FA
0.3-0.3
2
C22:1 erucic acid
0.02
0.03
g/kg
0.2
% FA
0.2-0.2
2
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0.03
0.03
g/kg
0.3
% FA
0.2-0.3
2
Phytase activity
130
150
IU/kg
-
60
10 -290
26
70
10 -340
27
DE growing pig (kcal)
3370
3860
kcal/kg
-
ME growing pig (kcal)
3220
3690
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
2350
2690
kcal/kg
-
DE adult pig (kcal)
3490
4000
kcal/kg
-
ME adult pig (kcal)
3300
3780
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
2410
2770
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
88.4
%
OM digestibility growing pig
-
90.4
%
N digestibility growing pig
-
83.1
%
N digestibility ileal standardised pig
-
80
%
3.6
64.9-88.3
56
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
10.9
%
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
91.4
%
OM digestibility adult pig
-
93.2
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
86.5
%
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
1.8
2.1
g/kg
47
%
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
2.7
3.1
g/kg
71
%
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
2510
2880
kcal/kg
-
AMEn broiler (kcal)
2450
2810
kcal/kg
-
Available P cockerel
1
1.1
g/kg
26
% P
Available P broiler
1
1.1
g/kg
26
% P
UFL INRA 2007
1.02
1.17
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2007
1.02
1.17
per kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
3030
3480
kcal/kg
-
ME rabbit (kcal)
2820
3230
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
79.5
%
N digestibility rabbit
-
85.3
%
DE salmonids (kcal)
2630
3010
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
68.9
%
N digestibility salmonids
-
87.9
%
Digestible P salmonids
1.6
1.9
g/kg
43
%
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
12.1
13.8
g/kg
81
%
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.1
6.9
g/kg
78
%
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.7
2
g/kg
85
%
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
2
2.3
g/kg
74
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.7
4.3
g/kg
79
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
1.4
1.7
g/kg
81
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
7
8.1
g/kg
82
%
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.9
9
g/kg
82
%
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
12.1
13.9
g/kg
83
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
8
9.2
g/kg
84
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.2
6
g/kg
82
%
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
13.3
15.2
g/kg
83
%
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.1
4.7
g/kg
81
%
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
14.6
16.8
g/kg
85
%
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.3
8.4
g/kg
82
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
18.4
21.1
g/kg
78
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
28.4
32.5
g/kg
85
%
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.1
8.1
g/kg
79
%
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.6
8.7
g/kg
80
%
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
6.9
7.9
g/kg
82
%
DE growing pig (MJ)
14.1
16.2
MJ/kg
-
ME growing pig (MJ)
13.5
15.4
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
9.8
11.3
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
14.6
16.7
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
13.8
15.8
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
10.1
11.6
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
10.5
12
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
10.2
11.7
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
11.4
13.1
MJ/kg
-
DE rabbit (MJ)
12.7
14.5
MJ/kg
-
ME rabbit (MJ)
11.8
13.5
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
11
12.6
MJ/kg
-
VEM CVB 2018
1021
1171
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
1122
1286
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
124
142
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
38
44
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
6.3
7.2
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
1.7
1.9
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
73.9
84.8
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
3.38
3.88
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.76
2.02
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
1.67
1.91
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.9
2.18
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.31
1.5
Mcal/kg
-
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
29
%
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
35
%
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
7.2
8.3
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
177
203
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
4
5
g/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
37.7
43.2
%
-
1
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-