Dry matter 89.5 100 % - Crude protein 36 40.2 % - Crude fibre 5.6 6.3 % - Crude fat 18.4 20.5 % - Ash 5.1 5.7 % - NDF 12 13.4 % - ADF 7 7.8 % - Lignin 0.9 1 % - Water insoluble cell walls 17.3 19.4 % - Starch 5.3 5.9 % - Total sugars 7.5 8.4 % - Gross energy (kcal) 4980 5560 kcal/kg - Calcium 3 3.3 g/kg - Phosphorus 5.6 6.2 g/kg - Phytate phosphorus 3.3 3.7 g/kg 60 % P Magnesium 2.3 2.6 g/kg - Potassium 18.1 20.2 g/kg - Sodium 0.85 0.95 g/kg - Sulfur 2.8 3.2 g/kg - Zinc 41 45 mg/kg - Copper 35 39 mg/kg - Iron 149 166 mg/kg - Selenium 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - Molybdenum 4 4 mg/kg - Iodine 0.09 0.1 mg/kg - Lysine 22.4 25 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N Threonine 14.6 16.3 g/kg 4 g/16g N Methionine 5.2 5.8 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N Cystine 5.3 5.9 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N Methionine + cystine 10.5 11.8 g/kg 2.9 g/16g N Tryptophan 4.6 5.1 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N Isoleucine 16.8 18.7 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N Valine 17.3 19.4 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N Leucine 27.2 30.3 g/kg 7.5 g/16g N Phenylalanine 18.2 20.3 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N Tyrosine 12.8 14.3 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N Phenylalanine + tyrosine 31 34.6 g/kg 8.6 g/16g N Histidine 9.8 11 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N Arginine 26.3 29.4 g/kg 7.3 g/16g N Alanine 15.3 17.1 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N Aspartic acid 40.1 44.8 g/kg 11.1 g/16g N Glutamic acid 63.4 70.8 g/kg 17.6 g/16g N Glycine 15.5 17.3 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N Serine 18.9 21.2 g/kg 5.3 g/16g N Proline 18.1 20.2 g/kg 5 g/16g N C14:0 myristic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 0.2 % FA C16:0 palmitic acid 19.8 22.1 g/kg 11.2 % FA C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.1 % FA C18:0 stearic acid 6.7 7.5 g/kg 3.8 % FA C18:1 oleic acid 40.8 45.6 g/kg 23.1 % FA C18:2 linoleic acid 95.4 107 g/kg 54 % FA C18:3 linolenic acid 12.8 14.3 g/kg 7.2 % FA Fatty acids 17.7 19.7 % 96 % fat PDIA INRA 2007 110 122 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 245 274 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 149 166 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 3360 3750 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 87.2 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 85 % N digestibility ruminants - 78.3 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 88 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 78.2 % Absorbable P ruminants 4.1 4.5 g/kg 73 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 69 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 19 % Potentially degradable N (b) - 77 % Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.11 h-1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 82 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 40 % Potentially degradable DM (b) - 64 % Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.114 h-1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.6 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.3 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.4 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 83 % Energy digestibility horse - 79.8 % Horse Forage Unit 1.06 1.19 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 283 317 g/kg - Gross energy (MJ) 20.8 23.3 MJ/kg - Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.6 1.8 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 85 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.37 1.53 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.39 1.56 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 79 88 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 127 142 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 182 203 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.34 1.5 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.36 1.51 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 94 105 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 141 157 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 167 187 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2360 2640 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2390 2670 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3520 3940 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 83.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 85.8 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 70 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.7 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.4 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.5 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 15 16.4 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10 11 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10.2 11.2 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 81 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.28 1.43 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.28 1.43 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 115 128 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 160 179 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 146 163 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.118 0.132 per kg - Insoluble ash 0.08 0.09 % - Chlorine 0.3 0.3 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 318 355 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 494 552 mEq/kg - Manganese 27 30 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.5 0.6 g/kg 0.3 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 0.2 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0.8 0.9 g/kg 0.5 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 0.2 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 0.2 % FA Vitamin E 8.6 9.6 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 4.3 4.8 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 7.6 8.5 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 2.3 2.5 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 10.7 11.9 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 4.8 5.3 mg/kg - Folic acid 0 0 mg/kg - Biotin 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - Choline 2152 2405 mg/kg - DE growing pig (kcal) 3810 4250 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 3570 3990 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2620 2930 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 4160 4650 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3890 4340 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2820 3150 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 76.4 % OM digestibility growing pig - 77.8 % N digestibility growing pig - 85.2 % N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 83 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 80 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 83.6 % OM digestibility adult pig - 86.2 % N digestibility adult pig - 91.2 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.8 2 g/kg 32 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 2.7 3 g/kg 48 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 3170 3540 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 3070 3430 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 1.4 1.6 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 1.4 1.6 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.24 1.39 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.23 1.37 per kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3940 4400 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 3560 3980 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 79.1 % N digestibility rabbit - 86.8 % DE salmonids (kcal) 4280 4780 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 85.9 % N digestibility salmonids - 97.5 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 18.8 21.1 g/kg 84 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 11.3 12.6 g/kg 78 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 4.3 4.8 g/kg 82 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 3.9 4.3 g/kg 73 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 8.2 9.1 g/kg 78 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 3.4 3.8 g/kg 74 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 13.5 15.1 g/kg 81 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 13.8 15.4 g/kg 80 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 22 24.6 g/kg 81 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 14.6 16.4 g/kg 80 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 11.2 12.5 g/kg 88 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 25.9 28.9 g/kg 83 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 8.3 9.3 g/kg 85 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 23.1 25.8 g/kg 88 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 12.2 13.6 g/kg 80 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 33.3 37.2 g/kg 83 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 53.4 59.7 g/kg 84 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 12.2 13.6 g/kg 79 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 15.4 17.2 g/kg 81 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 15.1 16.9 g/kg 84 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 18.3 20.5 g/kg 82 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.4 12.7 g/kg 78 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 5 g/kg 86 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.9 4.4 g/kg 74 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.4 9.4 g/kg 80 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 3.7 4.2 g/kg 81 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.8 15.4 g/kg 83 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.2 15.9 g/kg 82 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 22.7 25.4 g/kg 84 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 15.3 17.1 g/kg 84 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.6 11.8 g/kg 83 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 25.9 28.9 g/kg 84 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 8 8.9 g/kg 81 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 22.3 25 g/kg 85 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.6 14 g/kg 82 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 31.3 35 g/kg 78 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 54.4 60.8 g/kg 86 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.3 13.7 g/kg 79 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 15.2 17 g/kg 80 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 14.8 16.6 g/kg 82 % DE growing pig (MJ) 15.9 17.8 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 15 16.7 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 11 12.3 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 17.4 19.5 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 16.3 18.2 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 11.8 13.2 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 13.3 14.8 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 12.8 14.4 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 14.1 15.7 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 16.5 18.4 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 14.9 16.6 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 17.9 20 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1241 1387 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1341 1499 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 139 155 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 174 194 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 4.3 4.8 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.3 1.4 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 94.8 106 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 4.46 4.99 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.6 2.91 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 2.47 2.76 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.59 2.89 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.86 2.08 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 29 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 35 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 8.8 9.8 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 253 283 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 17 19 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0.6 0.7 % - Vitamin A 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin K 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - Vitamin C 46.5 52 mg/kg -