Dry matter 88 100 % - 0.7 80.1 -96.3 9654 1.1 Crude protein 46.2 52.6 % - 1.1 41 -49 14070 1.1 43.8 -58.4 9722 Crude fibre 6 6.8 % - 0.6 5 -9.4 3826 0.7 4.8 -10.7 3328 Crude fat 1.5 1.8 % - 0.5 0.3 -4.8 8602 0.5 0.3 -5.5 7801 Ash 6.2 7.1 % - 0.6 4.9 -10 3134 0.6 5.7 -11.2 2899 Insoluble ash 0.5 0.6 % - 0.4 0 -2.1 79 0.5 0 -2.4 72 NDF 12.5 14.2 % - 2.5 6.8 -17.3 162 2.9 6.6 -19.5 269 ADF 7.4 8.4 % - 2 6.5 -13 120 2.3 3.4 -14.8 238 Lignin 0.6 0.6 % - 0.3 0.09 -1.6 120 0.4 0.1 -1.8 213 Water insoluble cell walls 18.5 21 % - 1.3 13.2 -21.1 28 1.5 18.4 -25.2 31 Starch 5 5.7 % - 1.2 0.2 -8.7 368 1.4 0.2 -11.4 367 Total sugars 8.1 9.2 % - 0.9 6.3 -10.8 201 1 7.2 -13.7 211 Gross energy (kcal) 4140 4710 kcal/kg - 140 3790 -4640 71 150 4060 -5390 136 Calcium 3.4 3.8 g/kg - 0.8 1.4 -6.9 1800 0.9 1.6 -7.9 1729 Phosphorus 6.2 7.1 g/kg - 0.5 4.8 -7.3 123 0.6 4.4 -8.1 47 Phytate phosphorus 3.7 4.2 g/kg 60 % P 1.4 2.2 -6.6 4 1.6 2.4 -6.9 6 28-69 4 Magnesium 2.8 3.1 g/kg - 0.4 2.2 -3.8 21 0.4 2.5 -4.1 21 Potassium 20.9 23.8 g/kg - 1.3 14.8 -25.7 112 1.4 20.9 -28.6 76 Sodium 0.14 0.16 g/kg - 0.22 0 -1.3 348 0.25 0 -1.49 275 Chlorine 0.3 0.3 g/kg - 0.2 0 -0.8 172 0.2 0.1 -0.9 95 Sulfur 4 4.5 g/kg - 0.2 3.9 -4.4 4 0.2 4.3 -4.9 5 Dietary cation-anion difference 286 325 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 534 607 mEq/kg - Manganese 39 45 mg/kg - 11 23 -78 68 13 25 -88 66 Zinc 55 62 mg/kg - 34 27 -271 47 39 29 -303 43 Copper 17 19 mg/kg - 7 6 -54 47 7 7 -61 44 Iron 241 274 mg/kg - 146 12 -537 25 166 13 -617 18 Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 0 -0.4 4 Cobalt 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - 0.2 0.01 -0.5 5 0.2 0.01 -0.6 5 Molybdenum 4 4 mg/kg - 3 -6 3 3 -7 3 Iodine 0.1 0.2 mg/kg - 1 Lysine 28.8 32.7 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N 1.4 24 -31.7 294 1.6 26.9 -35.9 101 0.2 5.3-7 212 Threonine 17.7 20.1 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 0.9 15.9 -21 171 1 16.9 -22.9 53 0.1 3.3-4.5 156 Methionine 6.6 7.5 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.4 4.5 -6.9 168 0.5 5.2 -7.7 52 0.06 1-1.5 155 Cystine 7.3 8.2 g/kg 1.6 g/16g N 0.5 5.1 -8.6 163 0.6 6.1 -9.5 44 0.08 1.2-1.9 147 Methionine + cystine 13.9 15.7 g/kg 3 g/16g N 1 10.2 -17 162 1.2 12.2 -18.5 44 0.1 2.3-3.6 147 Tryptophan 6.4 7.3 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.3 5.7 -7 123 0.4 6.3 -7.8 33 0.04 1.2-1.5 123 Isoleucine 21.1 24 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 1.5 17.1 -24.5 172 1.6 18.3 -27.2 55 0.2 3.6-5.2 158 Valine 22.3 25.3 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 1.3 19 -26.6 171 1.5 22 -29.5 53 0.2 4.4-5.6 156 Leucine 35.3 40.2 g/kg 7.6 g/16g N 1.6 30.1 -39.1 169 1.8 33.7 -43.4 53 0.2 7.1-8.3 156 Phenylalanine 23.4 26.6 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N 1.1 20.4 -26 169 1.2 23.1 -28.9 53 0.1 4.5-5.6 156 Tyrosine 16.3 18.5 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 1.4 14.6 -18.9 122 1.5 15.2 -21 20 0.1 3.1-4.1 117 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 39.6 45.1 g/kg 8.6 g/16g N 2.2 36.2 -44.6 119 2.5 40.1 -49.5 17 0.2 7.8-9.7 114 Histidine 12.4 14.1 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 0.7 9.9 -14 173 0.8 11.9 -15.5 55 0.1 2.3-3 158 Arginine 33.8 38.4 g/kg 7.3 g/16g N 1.9 28.6 -38.5 169 2.1 32.2 -42.4 54 0.3 6.2-8.3 154 Alanine 20.1 22.9 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 1.7 17.6 -25.4 167 1.9 19.5 -28.6 48 0.2 3.7-5.6 151 Aspartic acid 52.2 59.3 g/kg 11.3 g/16g N 2.9 44.3 -58.4 146 3.3 49.9 -62.9 48 0.4 9.6-12.8 139 Glutamic acid 82.5 93.8 g/kg 17.8 g/16g N 4.2 72.2 -94.4 162 4.8 77.6 -97.9 44 0.5 15.2-18.9 147 Glycine 19.4 22 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 0.8 17.6 -22.6 166 0.9 19.4 -25.1 47 0.1 3.8-4.8 150 Serine 21.7 24.7 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 1.7 19.2 -27.9 162 2 19.3 -30.4 45 0.2 3.9-6 148 Proline 23 26.1 g/kg 5 g/16g N 1.5 19.4 -26.7 155 1.7 22 -29.1 40 0.2 4.4-5.7 142 C14:0 myristic acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.2 % FA 1 0.3 0-1.1 14 C16:0 palmitic acid 1.3 1.5 g/kg 11.2 % FA 0.7 -1.9 4 2.2 9.6-20.8 22 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.01 -0.05 2 0.08 0-0.2 7 C18:0 stearic acid 0.4 0.5 g/kg 3.8 % FA 0.2 -0.8 4 0.4 3.2-4.8 22 C18:1 oleic acid 2.7 3 g/kg 23.1 % FA 1.6 19.8-27.3 23 C18:2 linoleic acid 6.3 7.1 g/kg 54 % FA 2.9 42.9-58.2 22 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.8 1 g/kg 7.2 % FA 1 0.9 4.8-8.7 22 Fatty acids 1.2 1.3 % 75 % fat 1 PDIA INRA 2007 342 389 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 396 450 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 379 430 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2800 3180 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 90.7 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 90.3 % 86-91.8 3 N digestibility ruminants - 80.2 % 1 N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 93 % 1 Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 63.3 % Absorbable P ruminants 4.3 4.9 g/kg 70 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 28 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 0 % Potentially degradable N (b) - 85 % 7 71-89 9 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.03 h-1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.085 h-1 1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 46 % 17 40-98 14 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 19 % 10 5-47 12 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 79 % 11 52-93 12 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.03 h-1 0.047 0.017-0.151 12 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.8 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.4 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.4 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.4 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.7 % PDIE Gross energy (MJ) 17.3 19.7 MJ/kg - 0.6 15.9 -19.4 71 0.6 17 -22.6 136 Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.9 2.1 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 85 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.13 1.29 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.15 1.31 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 268 304 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 312 354 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 93 106 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.11 1.27 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.13 1.28 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 292 332 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 334 380 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 70 80 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1960 2230 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1980 2250 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2930 3330 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 89 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 89.4 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 32 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.7 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.4 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.4 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.5 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.6 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.9 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 12.3 14 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.3 9.4 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.4 9.5 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 47 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.07 1.22 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.07 1.22 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 320 364 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 360 410 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 43 49 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.375 0.426 per kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0 0-0.01 5 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.04 0.04 g/kg 0.3 % FA 1 0.09 0.1-0.4 11 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.2 % FA 1 0.04 0.1-0.2 6 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:0 behenic acid 0.05 0.06 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.4-0.5 2 C22:1 erucic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-0.3 2 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.02 0.03 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.2-0.2 2 Vitamin E 4.3 4.8 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 5.9 6.7 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 2.9 3.3 mg/kg - 1 Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 5.9 6.7 mg/kg - Niacin 38.8 44.1 mg/kg - 1 Pantothenic acid 15.9 18.1 mg/kg - Folic acid 0.6 0.7 mg/kg - Biotin 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - 1 Choline 2551 2899 mg/kg - Phytase activity 20 20 IU/kg - 10 -40 2 DE growing pig (kcal) 0 0 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 0 0 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 0 0 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 0 0 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 0 0 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 0 0 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 0 % OM digestibility growing pig - 0 % N digestibility growing pig - 0 % N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 0 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 0 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 0 % OM digestibility adult pig - 0 % 1 N digestibility adult pig - 0 % 1 Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0 0 g/kg 0 % 1 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0 0 g/kg 0 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 0 0 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 0 0 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 0 0 g/kg 0 % P Available P broiler 0 0 g/kg 0 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.04 1.18 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.03 1.17 per kg - OM digestibility horse - 0 % Energy digestibility horse - 0 % Horse Forage Unit 0 0 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 0 0 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 0 0 kcal/kg - 1 ME rabbit (kcal) 0 0 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 0 % 1 N digestibility rabbit - 0 % 1 DE salmonids (kcal) 0 0 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 0 % N digestibility salmonids - 0 % Digestible P salmonids 0 0 g/kg 0 % 1 1 Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 0 0 g/kg 0 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 % 1 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 % 1 Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 % 1 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 % 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 % 1 Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 % 1 Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 % 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 % 1 Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 % 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 % 1 Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 % 1 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 % 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 % 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 % 1 Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 % 1 Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 % 1 Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 0 0 g/kg 0 % 1 DE growing pig (MJ) 0 0 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 0 0 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 0 0 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 0 0 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 0 0 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 0 0 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 0 0 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 0 0 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11.7 13.3 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 0 0 MJ/kg - 1 ME rabbit (MJ) 0 0 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 0 0 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1037 1178 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1122 1275 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 372 422 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 40 45 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 6.5 7.4 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.8 2 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 71.7 81.5 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.64 4.14 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.93 2.19 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.82 2.07 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.07 2.35 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.45 1.64 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 69 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 75 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7.3 8.3 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 424 482 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 6 7 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 1.6 1.9 % - 1 1.4 -2.7 4 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin C 0 0 mg/kg -