Dry matter 93.6 100 % - 2.5 86 -99 310 3.8 Crude protein 63.2 67.5 % - 3.2 60 -70 340 3 62.1 -78.1 322 Crude fibre 0.9 1 % - 0.6 0.3 -2 10 0.7 0.3 -2.3 13 Ash 10 10.7 % - 4.7 2.6 -26.3 317 5 2.4 -27.7 313 Starch 0 0 % - Total sugars 0 0 % - Gross energy (kcal) 5460 5830 kcal/kg - 450 5430 -6630 6 Calcium 21.7 23.2 g/kg - 13 4.6 -107 246 13.9 5.2 -94 229 Phosphorus 11.6 12.5 g/kg - 7.4 1.4 -45.9 245 7.9 1.5 -48.3 231 Magnesium 1.2 1.3 g/kg - 0.4 0.5 -1.5 6 0.4 0.6 -1.6 6 Potassium 5.7 6.1 g/kg - 2.1 2.8 -8.6 7 2.2 3.1 -9 7 Sodium 3.75 4.01 g/kg - 1.76 1.2 -9 42 1.88 1.34 -9.61 37 Chlorine 3.1 3.3 g/kg - 1.4 0.4 -7 47 1.5 0.5 -7.2 39 Sulfur 7.1 7.6 g/kg - 1 1 Manganese 21 23 mg/kg - 15 10 -52 6 16 10 -55 6 Zinc 94 101 mg/kg - 48 9 -159 6 51 10 -169 6 Copper 38 40 mg/kg - 54 13 -143 6 57 13 -157 6 Iron 1485 1587 mg/kg - 2919 266 -8027 7 3120 275 -8650 7 Lysine 30.6 32.7 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 7.4 19.1 -41.9 21 7.9 20.7 -44.1 19 1.1 3-6.4 21 Threonine 25.4 27.1 g/kg 4 g/16g N 3 16 -30 18 3.1 16.7 -31.8 16 0.4 2.6-4.3 18 Methionine 11 11.7 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 2.1 6.4 -13.5 14 2.2 6.9 -14.4 12 0.3 1.1-2.1 14 Cystine 8.5 9.1 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N 4.2 3.7 -18.6 11 4.5 3.9 -20 9 0.7 0.6-3.1 11 Methionine + cystine 19.4 20.8 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N 2.9 15.3 -25 10 3.1 15.8 -26.9 8 0.4 2.5-4.1 10 Tryptophan 4.5 4.8 g/kg 0.7 g/16g N 0.9 3.3 -6.2 14 1 3.4 -6.6 12 0.1 0.5-1 14 Isoleucine 25.2 26.9 g/kg 4 g/16g N 2.9 14.8 -25.5 18 3 15.5 -27.5 16 0.4 2.4-4.2 18 Valine 32.7 34.9 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N 4.3 18.5 -37 18 4.5 19.3 -39.8 16 0.7 3-6.1 18 Leucine 44.7 47.8 g/kg 7.1 g/16g N 4.9 28 -47.1 18 5.1 29.1 -50.7 16 0.7 4.5-7.3 18 Phenylalanine 25.2 26.9 g/kg 4 g/16g N 2.7 15.2 -26.1 18 2.7 15.9 -27.4 16 0.4 2.4-4.2 18 Tyrosine 17.3 18.5 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 2.6 13.1 -20.8 10 2.8 13.7 -21.7 8 0.4 2.1-3.3 10 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 42.5 45.4 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N 2.7 39.8 -46.4 9 2.6 42.4 -49 7 0.4 5.8-7.3 9 Histidine 11.8 12.6 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N 2.1 8.7 -17.2 18 2.3 9 -18.4 16 0.3 1.4-2.7 18 Arginine 42 44.9 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N 6.2 27.6 -52.9 18 6.6 28.8 -55.1 16 0.9 4.4-8.3 18 Alanine 35.2 37.7 g/kg 5.6 g/16g N 7.1 25.5 -43 9 7.5 27.4 -45.6 7 0.9 4.2-6.7 9 Aspartic acid 46.5 49.7 g/kg 7.4 g/16g N 9 27 -50.4 8 9.5 28.2 -53.2 6 1.2 4.3-7.9 8 Glutamic acid 75.3 80.4 g/kg 11.9 g/16g N 10.1 53.1 -82.5 9 10.5 55.3 -87.1 7 1.4 8.5-12.9 9 Glycine 56.5 60.3 g/kg 8.9 g/16g N 10.4 37.9 -73.4 13 11 39.5 -77.5 11 1.4 6-11.5 13 Serine 27.5 29.4 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 7.1 16 -43.9 13 7.6 16.7 -47.2 11 1.2 2.6-7.2 13 Proline 42.2 45.1 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N 4.3 35.5 -52.1 12 4.5 37 -52 10 0.6 5.7-7.9 12 C12:0 lauric acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.1-0.1 2 C14:0 myristic acid 1.5 1.7 g/kg 1 % FA 0.3 0.7-1.6 10 C16:0 palmitic acid 32.4 34.7 g/kg 21.3 % FA 1.7 18.1-23.6 10 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 7.1 7.6 g/kg 4.7 % FA 0.7 4.1-5.9 6 C18:0 stearic acid 11.3 12.1 g/kg 7.4 % FA 1.3 4.6-9.4 10 C18:1 oleic acid 65.8 70.3 g/kg 43.3 % FA 3.4 39.3-50.9 10 C18:2 linoleic acid 29 31 g/kg 19.1 % FA 3.9 10-23.3 10 C18:3 linolenic acid 2.3 2.4 g/kg 1.5 % FA 0.9 0-2.9 10 C20:0 arachidic acid 1.7 1.8 g/kg 1.1 % FA 0.5 0.4-1.8 7 Fatty acids 15.2 16.3 % 70 % fat DE growing pig (kcal) 4190 4480 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 3860 4130 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2730 2920 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 4190 4480 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3860 4120 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2710 2900 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 76.7 % OM digestibility growing pig - 77.1 % N digestibility growing pig - 76.7 % N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 77 % 71.9-82 2 Crude fat digestibility pig - 76.7 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 76.7 % OM digestibility adult pig - 77.1 % N digestibility adult pig - 76.7 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 8.7 9.3 g/kg 75 % 74-85 3 DE salmonids (kcal) 4870 5200 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 89.2 % N digestibility salmonids - 87.9 % 8.8 65.4-88 6 Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 24.4 26.1 g/kg 80 % 1 1 72-87 2 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 19.5 20.8 g/kg 77 % 1 1 72-82 2 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 9 9.6 g/kg 82 % 1 1 76-89 2 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 5.7 6.1 g/kg 67 % 1 1 66-68 2 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 14.9 15.9 g/kg 76 % 69-80 2 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.3 g/kg 70 % 67-73 2 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 21 22.4 g/kg 83 % 1 1 81-86 2 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 26.1 27.9 g/kg 80 % 1 1 78-82 2 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 36.5 39 g/kg 82 % 1 1 78-85 2 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 20.9 22.4 g/kg 83 % 1 1 80-86 2 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 14.1 15.1 g/kg 82 % 1 1 77-87 2 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 35.1 37.5 g/kg 83 % 79-86 2 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 8 8.5 g/kg 68 % 1 1 50-85 2 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 36.4 38.9 g/kg 87 % 1 1 83-90 2 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 28.3 30.2 g/kg 80 % 1 1 75-86 2 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 30.1 32.2 g/kg 65 % 1 1 58-71 2 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 61.6 65.8 g/kg 82 % 1 1 77-86 2 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 44.8 47.9 g/kg 79 % 1 1 76-83 2 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 21.2 22.6 g/kg 77 % 1 1 74-80 2 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 35.1 37.5 g/kg 83 % 1 1 75-89 3 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 23.7 25.3 g/kg 77 % 77-78 2 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 18.5 19.8 g/kg 73 % 70-75 2 Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.9 9.5 g/kg 81 % 80-82 2 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.6 4.9 g/kg 54 % 51-58 2 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.7 14.6 g/kg 69 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 19.3 20.6 g/kg 76 % 75-78 2 Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 25.1 26.9 g/kg 77 % 76-78 2 Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 35.2 37.6 g/kg 79 % 78-80 2 Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 20.7 22.1 g/kg 82 % 78-86 2 Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 9 9.6 g/kg 76 % 76-77 2 Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 34.4 36.8 g/kg 82 % 81-83 2 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 28 30 g/kg 80 % 79-80 2 Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 28 29.9 g/kg 60 % 59-61 2 Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 57.6 61.6 g/kg 77 % 76-77 2 Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 43 46 g/kg 76 % 76-77 2 Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 19.3 20.6 g/kg 70 % 68-72 2 Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 30.5 32.6 g/kg 72 % 71-73 2 Gross energy (MJ) 22.8 24.4 MJ/kg - 1.9 22.7 -27.7 6 Origin France, ex factory Phosphorus consumption 1.39 1.48 g P/kg - Origin France, ex factory Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 7.89 8.43 MJ/kg - Origin France, ex factory Climate change (ILCD) 436 466 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Acidification (ILCD) 0.0051 0.0055 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Eutrophication (CML baseline) 21.63 23.11 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0001 0.0001 m²yr/kg - Crude fat 21.7 23.2 % - 5.4 9.4 -31.7 209 5.8 9.8 -34.4 215 Insoluble ash 0.4 0.5 % - NDF 4.8 5.1 % - ADF 3.1 3.4 % - Lignin 0.5 0.5 % - Water insoluble cell walls 4 4.2 % - Phytate phosphorus 0 0 g/kg 0 % P Dietary cation-anion difference -223 -238 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 222 237 mEq/kg - Selenium 0.5 0.5 mg/kg - Cobalt 1 1 mg/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 1.7 1.8 g/kg 1.1 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.6 0.7 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.4-0.5 2 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (with phytase) 8.7 9.3 g/kg 75 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 4190 4480 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 4060 4340 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 9.9 10.6 g/kg 85 % P Available P broiler 9.9 10.6 g/kg 85 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.32 1.41 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.29 1.38 per kg - PDIA INRA 2007 274 293 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 440 471 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 294 314 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 3590 3840 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 92 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 88 % N digestibility ruminants - 80.1 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 80 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 78 % Absorbable P ruminants 10.5 11.2 g/kg 90 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 51 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 34 % 28-40 3 Potentially degradable N (b) - 31 % 21-47 3 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.072 h-1 0.04-0.093 3 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 0 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 52 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 33 % 26-42 3 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 32 % 20-48 3 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.085 h-1 0.04-0.115 3 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.1 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.8 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.8 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.5 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.5 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.7 % PDIE DE rabbit (kcal) 5020 5370 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 4530 4840 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 92 % N digestibility rabbit - 64.3 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 3.5 3.8 g/kg 78 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.9 15.9 g/kg 86 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 35.5 38 g/kg 84 % DE growing pig (MJ) 17.5 18.7 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 16.2 17.3 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 11.4 12.2 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 17.5 18.7 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 16.1 17.3 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 11.3 12.1 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 17.5 18.7 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 17 18.2 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 15 16.1 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 21 22.5 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 19 20.3 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 20.4 21.8 MJ/kg - Absorbable Ca ruminants 11.9 12.8 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 0 % VEM CVB 2018 1319 1410 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1414 1512 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 284 304 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 261 279 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.3 3.5 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.2 1.3 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 76.9 82.2 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 4.63 4.95 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.72 2.91 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 2.59 2.76 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.68 2.87 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.93 2.06 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 48 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 50 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 9.3 10 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 447 478 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 30 32 g/kg - UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.51 1.61 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.53 1.64 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 242 259 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 286 306 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 247 264 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.47 1.57 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.49 1.59 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 255 273 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 298 318 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 233 249 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2590 2770 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2620 2800 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3860 4130 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 86.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 90.6 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 49 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.9 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.5 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.7 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.5 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 50 % Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.368 0.393 per kg - UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.41 1.5 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.41 1.51 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 274 293 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 316 337 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 211 226 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0 0 % - Vitamin C 0 0 mg/kg -