Dry matter 91.1 100 % - 1.8 73.5 -98.1 889 2.9 Crude protein 9.6 10.6 % - 1.4 4.2 -17.8 965 1.5 4.6 -20 850 Crude fibre 0.8 0.9 % - 1 0 -4.7 689 1.1 0 -5.2 588 Crude fat 11.6 12.8 % - 3.2 0.5 -24 103 3.5 2.4 -25.7 92 Ash 2.3 2.5 % - 0.8 0.6 -10.1 918 0.9 0.6 -11.5 821 Insoluble ash 0.2 0.2 % - 1 1 NDF 6.7 7.3 % - 12 4.3 -31 18 13.2 4.5 -46.1 13 ADF 1.3 1.4 % - Lignin 0.5 0.6 % - Water insoluble cell walls 6.1 6.7 % - 1 Starch 39.3 43.2 % - 5.2 22.2 -71.2 944 5.7 24.9 -64.8 832 Total sugars 19.9 21.9 % - 4.3 1.7 -34.3 378 4.7 1.8 -33.2 348 Gross energy (kcal) 4500 4940 kcal/kg - Calcium 0.8 0.9 g/kg - 0.7 0.3 -6.9 130 0.8 0.4 -7.3 125 Phosphorus 1.5 1.6 g/kg - 1 0.8 -4.8 131 1.1 0.8 -5.4 125 Phytate phosphorus 0.6 0.7 g/kg 43 % P 40-46 2 Magnesium 1.5 1.6 g/kg - 0.7 0.4 -2.3 8 0.8 0.5 -2.6 7 Potassium 3.9 4.3 g/kg - 3 1.1 -9.5 10 3.3 1.1 -11.6 10 Sodium 5.42 5.95 g/kg - 6.16 0.7 -49.8 413 6.77 0.78 -58.04 405 Chlorine 5.9 6.5 g/kg - 5.2 0.6 -19.6 55 5.7 0.6 -25 45 Electrolyte balance 169 186 mEq/kg - Manganese 41 45 mg/kg - 23 7 -70 5 25 8 -78 5 Zinc 45 50 mg/kg - 9 29 -51 5 10 32 -56 5 Copper 6 7 mg/kg - 2 4 -8 6 2 4 -9 6 Iron 274 301 mg/kg - 147 60 -389 6 162 65 -425 6 Selenium 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - 0.2 0.07 -0.6 5 0.2 0.07 -0.6 5 Lysine 2.9 3.2 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N 1.1 1.4 -5.4 16 1.2 1.6 -6.1 12 0.7 1.9-4.3 14 Threonine 2.5 2.8 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N 0.8 1.5 -3.7 6 0.8 1.7 -4 5 Methionine 1.3 1.5 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.4 0.7 -4.9 11 0.5 0.8 -2.4 8 0.1 1.4-1.7 9 Cystine 1.9 2.1 g/kg 2 g/16g N 0.4 0.8 -2.9 10 0.4 0.9 -2.2 7 0.3 1.5-2.2 8 Methionine + cystine 3.3 3.6 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N 0.8 1.5 -7.8 10 0.9 1.7 -4.6 7 0.3 2.9-3.9 8 Tryptophan 0.9 1 g/kg 1 g/16g N 1 Isoleucine 2.9 3.2 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N 1.7 -4.1 3 1.9 -4.4 2 Valine 4.3 4.7 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 2 -5.3 3 2.3 -5.7 2 3.9-5.1 3 Leucine 6.6 7.2 g/kg 6.8 g/16g N 3.6 -8.8 3 4.1 -9.5 2 Phenylalanine 4.3 4.7 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 2.2 -5.1 3 2.5 -5.5 2 4.3-4.9 3 Tyrosine 3.4 3.7 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 1 1 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 7.6 8.4 g/kg 7.9 g/16g N 1 1 1 Histidine 2.6 2.9 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 1 -3 3 1.1 -3.2 2 2-2.9 3 Arginine 3.6 4 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 2.8 -6.6 4 3.2 -5.6 2 Alanine 3.3 3.7 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 2.2 -5.5 3 2.5 -5.9 2 Aspartic acid 4.2 4.6 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 3.6 -7 3 4.1 -7.5 2 Glutamic acid 19.4 21.3 g/kg 20.2 g/16g N 10.7 -25.4 3 12 -27.3 2 Glycine 4.5 4.9 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 1.9 -4.6 3 2.1 -5 2 Serine 4.2 4.6 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 2.1 -6.1 3 2.4 -6.6 2 4.1-5.9 3 Proline 6.4 7 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N 3.3 -7.8 2 1 6.5-8.1 2 C14:0 myristic acid 4.7 5.2 g/kg 5.4 % FA 1 1 C16:0 palmitic acid 31.7 34.8 g/kg 36.3 % FA 1 1 C18:0 stearic acid 7.2 8 g/kg 8.3 % FA 1 1 C18:1 oleic acid 27.3 30 g/kg 31.3 % FA 1 1 C18:2 linoleic acid 6 6.6 g/kg 6.9 % FA 1 1 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.3 0.4 g/kg 0.4 % FA 1 1 Fatty acids 8.7 9.6 % 75 % fat 2 71-76 7 DE growing pig (kcal) 4210 4620 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 4100 4500 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 3140 3450 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 4230 4650 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 4110 4510 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 3180 3490 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 93.5 % OM digestibility growing pig - 95.6 % N digestibility growing pig - 87.6 % N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 95.7 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 75.4 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 94.2 % OM digestibility adult pig - 96.2 % N digestibility adult pig - 89.4 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.4 0.4 g/kg 25 % 1 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.8 0.8 g/kg 50 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 3480 3820 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 3420 3750 kcal/kg - 3400 -3480 2 3700 -3800 2 PDIA INRA 2007 23 25 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 64 70 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 79 87 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 3250 3570 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 85.8 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 87.2 % N digestibility ruminants - 66.6 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 90 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 77.1 % Absorbable P ruminants 1.1 1.2 g/kg 75 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 76 % Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 89 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.81 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.92 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.22 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.77 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.29 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.17 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.17 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.59 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 84.9 % Energy digestibility horse - 81.6 % Horse Forage Unit 1.08 1.19 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 73 80 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3680 4040 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 3590 3940 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 81.9 % N digestibility rabbit - 69.8 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 2.3 g/kg 70 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 2 g/kg 72 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 1.2 g/kg 81 % 3 78-85 5 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.5 1.6 g/kg 77 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.6 2.8 g/kg 79 % 2 75-81 5 Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.3 2.6 g/kg 79 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.3 3.6 g/kg 76 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.3 5.8 g/kg 81 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.3 3.6 g/kg 78 % 2 77-83 5 Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.1 g/kg 74 % 2 70-76 5 Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.8 3.1 g/kg 79 % 2 76-83 5 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.8 g/kg 75 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 3 3.3 g/kg 72 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 17.1 18.7 g/kg 88 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.2 3.5 g/kg 71 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.2 3.6 g/kg 78 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 5.2 5.7 g/kg 81 % Gross energy (MJ) 18.8 20.7 MJ/kg - NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.27 1.4 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.3 1.43 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 19 21 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 74 81 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -26 -29 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.25 1.37 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.28 1.4 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 22 24 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 75 82 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -27 -30 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2200 2410 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2240 2460 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3260 3580 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 85.4 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 83.9 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 74 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 86 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.7 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.7 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.4 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 14.4 15.8 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9.9 10.8 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10.2 11.2 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 75 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.2 1.32 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.22 1.33 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 26 29 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 78 86 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -30 -33 g/kg - Origin France, ex factory Phosphorus consumption 0 0 g P/kg - Origin France, ex factory Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 0.28 0.31 MJ/kg - Origin France, ex factory Climate change (ILCD) 17 19 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Acidification (ILCD) 0.0001 0.0001 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Eutrophication (CML baseline) 0.38 0.41 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Land competition (CML non baseline) 0 0 m²yr/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.134 0.147 per kg - Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 0.8 g/kg 75 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.6 2.8 g/kg 77 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.9 6.5 g/kg 78 % Sulfur 1.7 1.9 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 63 69 mEq/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 6.3 6.9 g/kg 7.2 % FA 1 1 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.3 0.4 g/kg 0.4 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 0.3 % FA 1 1 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 1.1 1.2 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0.4 0.5 g/kg 0.5 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Available P cockerel 0.4 0.4 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.4 0.4 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.22 1.34 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.23 1.35 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 2500 2740 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 55.5 % N digestibility salmonids - 80 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2 g/kg 61 % 48-74 2 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2 g/kg 72 % 62-82 2 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.2 g/kg 82 % 77-88 2 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.6 g/kg 77 % 69-84 2 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 2.9 g/kg 79 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.8 0.8 g/kg 83 % 83-83 2 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 2.3 2.6 g/kg 79 % 71-87 2 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 3.3 3.7 g/kg 78 % 70-86 2 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 6.1 g/kg 84 % 78-90 2 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 3.6 3.9 g/kg 84 % 78-90 2 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 2.8 g/kg 77 % 1 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 6.2 6.8 g/kg 81 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 2.1 2.3 g/kg 80 % 73-87 2 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 3.3 3.6 g/kg 91 % 91-92 2 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 2.9 g/kg 79 % 73-84 2 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 3 3.3 g/kg 70 % 62-79 2 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 17 18.6 g/kg 87 % 82-93 2 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 4 4.3 g/kg 88 % 87-89 2 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 3.4 3.7 g/kg 81 % 76-86 2 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 6.4 7 g/kg 100 % DE growing pig (MJ) 17.6 19.3 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 17.2 18.8 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 13.2 14.4 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 17.7 19.5 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 17.2 18.9 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 13.3 14.6 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 14.5 16 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 14.3 15.7 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 13.6 14.9 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 15.4 16.9 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 15 16.5 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 10.4 11.5 MJ/kg - Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.4 0.5 g/kg 55 % Ca VEM CVB 2018 1238 1360 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1348 1480 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 71 78 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -18 -20 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 4.6 5 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.6 1.8 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 86.6 95.2 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.76 4.13 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.07 2.27 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.96 2.15 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.14 2.35 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.49 1.64 Mcal/kg - EN Lactation ruminants GfE 8.6 9.5 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 160 176 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -10 -11 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 37.7 41.4 % - 37.6 -60.5 2 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -