Dry matter 88.2 100 % - 4.7 68.8 -93.2 140 7.5 Crude protein 11.3 12.8 % - 1.5 6.9 -18.3 149 1.6 7.9 -21.3 139 Crude fibre 0.7 0.8 % - 0.7 0 -5.8 201 0.8 0 -6.6 197 Crude fat 4.7 5.4 % - 3.2 0.2 -16 149 3.6 0.2 -17 139 Ash 2.5 2.9 % - 0.7 0.9 -7.3 384 0.8 1 -8.7 378 NDF 6.3 7.1 % - 5.2 3.4 -17.5 7 5.9 4.5 -23.3 11 ADF 1.2 1.4 % - 1.6 1.1 -5.7 7 Lignin 0.5 0.5 % - 0.7 0 -1.2 4 0.8 0 -2.2 7 Water insoluble cell walls 5.7 6.5 % - 1 1 Starch 47.8 54.2 % - 10.2 30.6 -65.7 137 11.2 33.9 -88.7 131 Total sugars 12.2 13.9 % - 5.2 0.6 -28 249 5.8 1.2 -30.9 242 Gross energy (kcal) 4030 4570 kcal/kg - 230 3890 -4280 6 100 4420 -4730 6 Calcium 1.2 1.3 g/kg - 0.8 0.2 -5 59 0.9 0.3 -5.4 56 Phosphorus 1.7 1.9 g/kg - 0.9 0.8 -4.8 63 1 0.9 -5.4 59 Phytate phosphorus 0.7 0.8 g/kg 43 % P 40-46 2 Magnesium 0.3 0.4 g/kg - 0.3 -0.4 2 Potassium 2.5 2.8 g/kg - 0.9 1.6 -3.9 5 2.7 -4.3 3 Sodium 6.25 7.08 g/kg - 2.2 0.51 -17.45 179 2.46 0.54 -18.7 175 Chlorine 9.1 10.3 g/kg - 2.7 1.6 -18.4 87 3 1.7 -19.5 86 Sulfur 1.7 1.9 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference -24 -27 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 79 90 mEq/kg - Manganese 9 11 mg/kg - 8 -10 3 Zinc 15 17 mg/kg - 11 -18 3 Copper 4 4 mg/kg - 3 -4 3 Iron 53 60 mg/kg - 38 -68 3 Selenium 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - Molybdenum 2 3 mg/kg - Iodine 0.09 0.1 mg/kg - Lysine 3.9 4.4 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 0.8 1.2 -5.7 17 0.8 2.3 -4.9 12 0.6 1.3-3.5 17 Threonine 3.3 3.7 g/kg 2.9 g/16g N 0.6 1.9 -5.9 12 0.6 2.8 -4.9 8 0.2 2.6-3.2 12 Methionine 1.6 1.9 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 0.4 0.9 -2.7 13 0.4 1.4 -2.7 9 0.2 1.2-2 13 Cystine 2.3 2.6 g/kg 2 g/16g N 0.5 1.3 -3.6 13 0.6 1.8 -3.8 9 0.3 1.7-2.8 13 Methionine + cystine 3.9 4.4 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 0.8 2.2 -6.2 13 0.9 3.2 -6.3 9 0.4 3-4.5 13 Tryptophan 1.3 1.4 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N 0.4 0.7 -2.7 9 0.4 0.9 -1.8 5 0.2 0.9-1.5 9 Isoleucine 3.5 4 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N 1.1 2.2 -5.6 8 3.5 -5.6 4 0.2 3.1-3.9 8 Valine 5.1 5.7 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 1.7 2.7 -8.2 8 4.6 -6.9 4 0.3 3.9-5.1 8 Leucine 7.3 8.3 g/kg 6.5 g/16g N 2.4 4.4 -11.3 8 7.3 -11.7 4 1.1 6.2-9.7 8 Phenylalanine 4.8 5.4 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 1.4 2.8 -7 8 4.2 -6.8 4 0.3 3.8-4.9 8 Tyrosine 3.5 4 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N 0.9 1.6 -4.7 8 2.6 -4.1 4 0.3 2.3-3.2 8 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 8.3 9.4 g/kg 7.3 g/16g N 2.3 4.4 -11.7 8 6.8 -10.8 4 0.6 6.4-7.8 8 Histidine 3.1 3.5 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 1 1.2 -4.3 8 2.3 -3.5 4 Arginine 5.5 6.2 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 2.4 2.4 -10.6 8 4.6 -6.7 4 0.8 3.5-5.8 8 Alanine 4.4 5 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 2 2.1 -8.5 8 4.5 -6.8 4 0.8 3-5.8 8 Aspartic acid 6 6.8 g/kg 5.3 g/16g N 2.6 3.1 -11.8 8 6 -8.5 4 0.7 4.5-6.6 8 Glutamic acid 22.8 25.8 g/kg 20.1 g/16g N 6.9 17.5 -34.2 8 20.1 -36 4 3.1 17.8-26.5 8 Glycine 5.4 6.1 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 2 2.3 -8.8 8 4.2 -6.2 4 0.5 3.3-4.8 8 Serine 4.9 5.5 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1.6 2.9 -7.7 8 3.5 -6.3 4 0.3 3.8-4.5 8 Proline 7.5 8.5 g/kg 6.6 g/16g N 2.2 6.2 -11.8 8 7.1 -13.2 4 0.9 6.1-9 8 C14:0 myristic acid 0.05 0.06 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0-0.3 4 C16:0 palmitic acid 6.8 7.7 g/kg 17.8 % FA 0.9 15.5-18.3 9 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.4 % FA C18:0 stearic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.07 0.7-0.9 8 C18:1 oleic acid 5.8 6.5 g/kg 15.2 % FA 2.7 11.3-20.4 11 C18:2 linoleic acid 21.4 24.3 g/kg 56.4 % FA 1 C18:3 linolenic acid 2.2 2.5 g/kg 5.9 % FA 1 5.4-8.5 9 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.5 0.6 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1 Fatty acids 3.8 4.3 % 80 % fat Vitamin E 24.7 28 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 16.2 18.4 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 2.1 2.4 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 8.3 9.4 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 103 116 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 18.5 20.9 mg/kg - Folic acid 1.1 1.3 mg/kg - Biotin 0.2 0.3 mg/kg - Choline 1176 1333 mg/kg - Viscosity, real applied - 2 mL/g Phytase activity 330 370 IU/kg - 1 1 DE growing pig (kcal) 3780 4280 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (kcal) 3660 4150 kcal/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (kcal) 2780 3150 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3800 4310 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3670 4160 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2810 3180 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 93.7 % 1 OM digestibility growing pig - 95.9 % N digestibility growing pig - 87.7 % N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 95.8 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 66.3 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 94.4 % OM digestibility adult pig - 96.4 % N digestibility adult pig - 89.1 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.4 0.5 g/kg 25 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.8 0.9 g/kg 50 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 3170 3590 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 3070 3480 kcal/kg - 1 1 PDIA INRA 2007 26 30 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 74 84 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 86 97 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2860 3250 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 84.9 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 87.3 % N digestibility ruminants - 69.4 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 87 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 74.4 % Absorbable P ruminants 1.3 1.4 g/kg 75 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 76 % Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 95 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 64 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 44 % Potentially degradable DM (b) - 38 % Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.065 h-1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.87 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.02 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.92 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.21 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.75 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.17 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.07 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.16 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.75 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 87.3 % Energy digestibility horse - 83.9 % Horse Forage Unit 1.07 1.21 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 88 99 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3330 3780 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME rabbit (kcal) 3220 3650 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 82.8 % 1 N digestibility rabbit - 71.8 % 1 DE salmonids (kcal) 1800 2040 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 44.6 % N digestibility salmonids - 89.3 % Digestible P salmonids 0.8 0.9 g/kg 48 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 2.7 g/kg 61 % 1 1 48-74 2 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 2.3 2.7 g/kg 72 % 1 1 62-82 2 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.3 1.5 g/kg 82 % 1 1 77-88 2 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 2 g/kg 77 % 1 1 69-84 2 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.5 g/kg 79 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.2 g/kg 83 % 1 1 83-83 2 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 2.8 3.2 g/kg 79 % 1 1 71-87 2 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 3.9 4.5 g/kg 78 % 1 1 70-86 2 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 6.2 7 g/kg 84 % 1 1 78-90 2 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 4 4.5 g/kg 84 % 1 1 78-90 2 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 2.7 3.1 g/kg 77 % 1 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 6.7 7.6 g/kg 81 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 2.8 g/kg 80 % 1 1 73-87 2 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 5 5.7 g/kg 91 % 1 1 91-92 2 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 3.9 g/kg 79 % 1 1 73-84 2 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.8 g/kg 70 % 1 1 62-79 2 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 19.9 22.5 g/kg 87 % 1 1 82-93 2 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 4.7 5.3 g/kg 88 % 1 1 87-89 2 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 3.9 4.5 g/kg 81 % 1 1 76-86 2 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.7 3.1 g/kg 70 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.3 2.7 g/kg 72 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 1.5 g/kg 81 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 2 g/kg 77 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.1 3.5 g/kg 79 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.9 1.1 g/kg 75 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.8 3.2 g/kg 79 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.8 4.4 g/kg 76 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.9 6.7 g/kg 81 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.7 4.2 g/kg 78 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.7 3.1 g/kg 77 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.4 7.3 g/kg 78 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.3 2.6 g/kg 74 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 4.9 g/kg 79 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.3 3.7 g/kg 75 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 4.9 g/kg 72 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 20 22.7 g/kg 88 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.8 4.3 g/kg 71 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.8 4.3 g/kg 78 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 6.1 6.9 g/kg 81 % Gross energy (MJ) 16.9 19.1 MJ/kg - 1 16.3 -17.9 6 0.4 18.5 -19.8 6 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.6 0.7 g/kg 55 % Ca UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.15 1.27 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.18 1.3 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 22 24 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 77 85 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -11 -13 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.14 1.25 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.15 1.27 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 25 28 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 79 87 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -13 -14 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2000 2200 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2030 2230 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2980 3280 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 85.9 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 83.6 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 74 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 89 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.7 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.3 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 13.2 14.6 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9 10 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9.3 10.3 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 62 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.09 1.21 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.1 1.21 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 31 34 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 83 92 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -17 -19 g/kg - Origin France, ex factory Phosphorus consumption 0 0 g P/kg - Origin France, ex factory Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 1.72 1.89 MJ/kg - Origin France, ex factory Climate change (ILCD) 104 115 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Acidification (ILCD) 0.0002 0.0002 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Eutrophication (CML baseline) 0.58 0.64 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Land competition (CML non baseline) 0 0 m²yr/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.262 0.289 per kg - Insoluble ash 0.2 0.2 % - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.08 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.08 0.09 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-1.9 3 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.5 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Available P cockerel 0.4 0.5 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.4 0.5 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.08 1.22 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.08 1.22 per kg - Proline, ileal standardised, pig 7.5 8.5 g/kg 100 % DE growing pig (MJ) 15.8 17.9 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 15.3 17.4 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 11.6 13.2 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 15.9 18 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 15.3 17.4 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 11.7 13.3 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 13.3 15 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 12.8 14.6 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 12 13.6 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 14 15.8 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 13.5 15.3 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 7.5 8.5 MJ/kg - NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % VEM CVB 2018 1076 1219 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1179 1336 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 79 90 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -14 -16 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 5 5.7 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.7 2 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 79.6 90.2 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.49 3.95 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.84 2.09 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.74 1.98 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.97 2.23 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.36 1.54 Mcal/kg - EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7.6 8.6 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 151 171 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -6 -7 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 45.9 52 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -