Dry matter 90.6 100 % - 1.9 83.7 -93.9 117 3 Crude protein 16.6 18.3 % - 1.4 11.1 -20 159 1.5 12.2 -22.4 121 Crude fibre 18.7 20.7 % - 2.8 13.5 -26.7 133 3.1 15 -33.2 97 Crude fat 2.9 3.2 % - 1.3 0.7 -5 66 1.4 0.8 -5.6 63 Ash 4.3 4.8 % - 0.7 2.4 -6.8 106 0.8 2.6 -7.6 92 Insoluble ash 0.4 0.4 % - 0.4 -0.4 2 0.4 -0.4 2 NDF 66.1 72.9 % - 3.8 61.9 -75.3 28 3.8 67.6 -82.7 23 ADF 39.8 44 % - 4.4 36.2 -49 28 4.8 40.1 -55.8 23 Lignin 12.8 14.1 % - 2.2 8.3 -20.4 31 2.4 6.2 -17.8 26 Water insoluble cell walls 58.4 64.5 % - Starch 0.5 0.6 % - 0.4 -0.7 2 0.4 -0.8 2 Total sugars 2 2.2 % - 1 1 Gross energy (kcal) 4080 4510 kcal/kg - 400 3340 -4570 11 430 3670 -5130 12 Calcium 2.7 3 g/kg - 0.5 1.9 -4 14 0.5 2 -4.4 14 Phosphorus 5.5 6.1 g/kg - 1.8 1.2 -7.7 14 2 1.3 -8.5 14 Phytate phosphorus 3.6 4 g/kg 65 % P 50-80 3 Magnesium 3.1 3.4 g/kg - 2.8 -3.6 4 3.1 -3.9 4 Potassium 6.7 7.4 g/kg - 6.2 -7.3 4 6.9 -8.1 4 Chlorine 1.7 1.9 g/kg - Sulfur 2.6 2.9 g/kg - Manganese 226 249 mg/kg - 1 1 Zinc 47 52 mg/kg - 1 1 Copper 28 31 mg/kg - 1 1 Iron 160 177 mg/kg - 1 1 Selenium 0.8 0.9 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - Molybdenum 0.4 0.4 mg/kg - Iodine 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - Lysine 5 5.5 g/kg 3 g/16g N 4.5 -5 2 5.1 -5.7 2 Threonine 5.4 6 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 3.2-3.5 2 Methionine 3 3.3 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 2.1 -3.1 2 2.4 -3.5 2 1.5-2 2 Cystine 2.1 2.4 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N 1.9 -2.3 2 2.2 -2.6 2 1.2-1.6 2 Methionine + cystine 5.1 5.7 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N 5 -5.7 2 3.1-3.2 2 Tryptophan 1.1 1.2 g/kg 0.7 g/16g N Isoleucine 6 6.6 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 3.4-4.1 2 Valine 8.3 9.1 g/kg 5 g/16g N 7.7 -8.4 2 8.7 -9.6 2 4.9-5.9 2 Leucine 10.8 11.9 g/kg 6.5 g/16g N 6.4-6.6 2 Phenylalanine 6.9 7.6 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 6.7 -7.6 2 4.1-4.3 2 Tyrosine 4.4 4.9 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N Phenylalanine + tyrosine 11.3 12.5 g/kg 6.8 g/16g N Histidine 4.3 4.7 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N Arginine 23.8 26.2 g/kg 14.3 g/16g N Alanine 6.7 7.4 g/kg 4 g/16g N 4-4.4 2 Aspartic acid 14 15.5 g/kg 8.5 g/16g N Glutamic acid 32.1 35.4 g/kg 19.3 g/16g N 17.9-19.8 2 Glycine 7.8 8.6 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 4.5-4.9 2 Serine 7.6 8.4 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 1 1 1 Proline 5.3 5.9 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N C12:0 lauric acid 12.3 13.5 g/kg 47.5 % FA 2.1 44.3-49.7 5 C14:0 myristic acid 4.1 4.5 g/kg 15.7 % FA 0.8 14.5-16.7 5 C16:0 palmitic acid 2.3 2.6 g/kg 9 % FA 0.5 8.5-9.8 5 C18:0 stearic acid 0.7 0.8 g/kg 2.9 % FA 0.3 2.5-3.3 5 C18:1 oleic acid 4 4.4 g/kg 15.4 % FA 1.2 14.2-17.3 5 C18:2 linoleic acid 0.7 0.7 g/kg 2.6 % FA 0.7 1.9-3.5 5 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.4 % FA Fatty acids 2.6 2.8 % 89 % fat 2 87-92 5 DE growing pig (kcal) 2530 2800 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (kcal) 2360 2600 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1390 1530 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 2750 3030 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2480 2740 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1530 1690 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 62 % 1 OM digestibility growing pig - 65.6 % N digestibility growing pig - 63.2 % 1 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 54 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 14.3 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 67.2 % OM digestibility adult pig - 70.6 % N digestibility adult pig - 70.9 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.7 1.9 g/kg 31 % AMEn broiler (kcal) 940 1040 kcal/kg - 1 1 PDIA INRA 2007 83 91 g/kg - 1 1 PDIN INRA 2007 118 130 g/kg - 1 1 PDIE INRA 2007 125 138 g/kg - 1 1 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2150 2380 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 65.5 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 66.7 % 63.8-67.8 3 N digestibility ruminants - 71.5 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 79 % 1 Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 71.9 % Absorbable P ruminants 3.8 4.2 g/kg 68 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 43 % 30-57 3 Immediately degradable N (a) - 15 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 76 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.035 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 43 % 41-49 2 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 11 % 1 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 81 % 1 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.04 h-1 1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.7 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.3 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.8 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 65.9 % Energy digestibility horse - 63.5 % Horse Forage Unit 0.7 0.77 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 96 106 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 1850 2040 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 1750 1940 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 45.2 % N digestibility rabbit - 43.2 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2 g/kg 37 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 2.8 3.1 g/kg 52 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 2 2.3 g/kg 68 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.1 g/kg 47 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.4 g/kg 60 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 0.6 g/kg 52 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 4 4.4 g/kg 66 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 5.4 6 g/kg 66 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 7.5 8.3 g/kg 70 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.2 5.7 g/kg 75 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3 3.3 g/kg 67 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 8.1 9 g/kg 72 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 2.9 g/kg 61 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 18.5 20.4 g/kg 78 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.6 g/kg 62 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 7 7.7 g/kg 50 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 20.3 22.4 g/kg 63 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 3.8 4.2 g/kg 49 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 4.8 5.4 g/kg 64 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 2.7 3 g/kg 51 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.1 3.5 g/kg 63 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.8 4.2 g/kg 71 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.5 g/kg 75 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 1.7 g/kg 74 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.8 4.2 g/kg 75 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 0.9 g/kg 74 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.7 5.2 g/kg 78 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.8 7.5 g/kg 82 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.4 9.3 g/kg 78 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.5 6.1 g/kg 80 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.1 3.4 g/kg 69 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.6 9.5 g/kg 76 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.8 3.1 g/kg 65 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 19.7 21.8 g/kg 83 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.2 5.7 g/kg 77 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 9.3 10.2 g/kg 66 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 24.7 27.3 g/kg 77 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.6 6.2 g/kg 72 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.7 6.3 g/kg 75 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 4 4.4 g/kg 74 % Gross energy (MJ) 17.1 18.9 MJ/kg - 1.7 14 -19.1 11 1.8 15.4 -21.5 12 Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.5 1.6 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 79 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.79 0.87 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.73 0.81 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 65 71 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 111 122 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -0.9 -1 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.77 0.85 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.71 0.78 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 72 79 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 117 129 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -8 -9 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1360 1500 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1250 1380 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2170 2390 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 65.3 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 64.2 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 45 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.5 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.1 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.5 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9.1 10.1 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 5.7 6.3 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 5.3 5.8 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 46 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.73 0.8 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.66 0.73 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 81 89 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 124 137 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -18 -19 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.402 0.443 per kg - Sodium 0.16 0.17 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference -31 -34 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 131 145 mEq/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 2 2.2 g/kg 7.8 % FA C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.8 0.9 g/kg 3.3 % FA 0.4 2.8-3.8 5 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (with phytase) 2.6 2.8 g/kg 47 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 970 1070 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 1.4 1.5 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 1.4 1.5 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.75 0.83 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.68 0.76 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 2270 2510 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 55.6 % N digestibility salmonids - 84 % DE growing pig (MJ) 10.6 11.7 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (MJ) 9.9 10.9 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 5.8 6.4 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 11.5 12.7 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 10.4 11.5 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 6.4 7.1 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 4.1 4.5 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 3.9 4.3 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 9 10 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 7.7 8.5 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 7.3 8.1 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 9.5 10.5 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 752 829 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 749 827 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 102 113 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -6 -6 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.6 4 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.7 1.9 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 43.6 48.1 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 2.04 2.26 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.88 0.97 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 0.82 0.9 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.91 1.01 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.42 0.46 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 54 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 61 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 5.3 5.9 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 170 187 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -0.6 -0.7 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0.8 0.9 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -